Cytomegalovirus: symptoms and treatment. Positive cytomegalovirus in pregnancy. What is dangerous for cytomegalovirus in pregnancy?

Is it necessary to sound an alarm if antibodies to cytomegalovirus are found in the blood of a future mother? After reading the article, you can learn about the features of the infection, the possible risks for the future mother and child.

All infections caused by viruses from the family HERPESVIRIDAE( herpesviruses) have a similar pathogenesis: the disease persists, takes place in a latent or chronic form. So is cytomegalovirus: it can "sleep" in the body for many years, not at all making itself felt or waking up( reactivated) from time to time.

Causes and Symptoms of Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus hominis( Human cytomegalovirus) is a DNA-containing pathogenic microorganism that belongs to the family HERPESVIRIDAE( Herpesvirus).The name of the virus, the "giant cell", is connected with the fact that cells affected by it can be multi-core and have a huge size.

DNA-containing cytomegalovirus

IMPORTANT: There are three strains of human cytomegalovirus: AD-169, Davis, Kerr.

Cytomegalovirus also differs in that it can last a long time in the environment. This partly explains its high infectiousness.

IMPORTANT: According to the WHO( World Health Organization), carriers of a strain of Cytomegalovirus hominis are 2 out of 10 adolescents and 4 of 10 adults. The source of CMV infection is an infected person. Cytomegalovirus hominis is found in its saliva, tears, the secretion of the nasopharynx, sperm, the secretion of the female genital organs, urine and feces.

Transmission routes of CMV and form of CMV infection.

Sold Cytomegalovirus hominis, regardless of strain:

• contact( including through subjects)
• airborne
• through mother-to-child placenta
• with organ transplant or blood transfusion

Infection with cytomegalovirus infection occurs very often, its gut is mucous, lining the genitals, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the body of a healthy person copes with it, so the disease in the vast majority of people takes place in a latent form.

IMPORTANT: The incubation period of CMV infection is 30-60 days. If the person's immunity is strong, he suppresses the disease in 1-2 months. Suppresses, but does not cure: inactive form Cytomegalovirus hominis can live in the body of the body for years and be reactivated under favorable circumstances, that is, in case of a decrease in immunity. Primary infection from reactivation of the virus is difficult to distinguish and is not always possible.

Symptoms of infection are manifested in those who are in a state of immunodeficiency. The acquired cytomegalovirus disease is often called a mononucleosis-like syndrome and manifests itself as follows:

• weakness
• subfebrile or fever
• myalgia( muscle pain)
• enlargement of lymph nodes

Since Cytomegalovirus hominis can affect respiratory and liver organs, in some patients acute CMV infection can manifest itselflike influenza or viral hepatitis.

If the human immune system is strong, after 30-60 days, the production of anti-CMV immunoglobulin occurs, the symptoms of the disease fade.

IMPORTANT: The carrier of Cytomegalovirus hominis remains infectious for weeks and months after its symptoms of CMV infection

disappear

People with weak immune systems, as well as pregnant women and young children cytomegalovirus can cause:

• retinitis( inflammation of the retina)
• pneumonia
• hepatitis
• enterocolitis
• esophageal ulcers, stomach, intestines
• genitals inflammation
• encephalitis

Symptoms of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy. What is the reactivation of cytomegalovirus in pregnancy?

The development of CMV in pregnant women is possible in two cases:

• for primary infection( the risk of transplacental infection is higher)
• in case of reactivation of a sleeping virus in the body( risk of transplacental infection is lower)

If the future mother is a carrier of the virus, but no symptoms of the disease, infectiona child through the placenta may not occur.

Weakness, fever and lymph node enlargement are signs of CMV infection in acute form.

Clinical forms of infection caused by Cytomegalovirus hominis, future moms are also different.

If the disease is acute, the lungs, liver, eyes, genitals, brain may suffer. A pregnant woman may have complaints about:

• weakness and fatigue
• specific discharge from the nose or genital tract
• increase and soreness of the lymph nodes

CMV infection affects the normal course of pregnancy. If the disease is acute, expectant mothers often show:

• vaginitis
• coleitis
• hypertonus uterus
• premature aging of placenta
• oligohydramnios

CMV - infection can also come back to haunt pregnant:

• premature detachment of the placenta
• weakening labor
• hemorrhage in childbirth
• postpartum endometritis

VIDEO: Cytomegalovirus infection and pregnancy

Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy: effects on the fetus

From Cytomegalovirus hominis can be usedAdmit and the child in the womb of the mother.

If intrauterine infection with CMV infection occurs in the early stages, pregnancy may fail.

IMPORTANT: The most dangerous situation doctors believe is when the intranatal infection of the child with cytomegalovirus occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a risk of fetal death or the occurrence of various serious vices in development.

Perinatal pathologies caused by CMV infection are:

1. Regardless of the gestation period at which the infection occurred: stillbirth, prematurity, fetal hypotrophy
2. Infection occurred in the early stages: malformations of the nervous system( microcephaly, hydrocephalus), respiratory organs( hypoplasialungs), digestive organs, urination, heart flushing
3. Infection occurred in later terms: the birth of a child with pneumonia, jaundice of various genesis, hemolytic anemia, nephritis, meningoetsAlito, other

Unfortunately, congenital CMV infection can result in defects in the child development and health problems in the future.

A child with a congenital CMV infection at first can look absolutely healthy. But over time, may manifest itself:

• hearing impairment down to deafness
• impaired vision up to blindness
• decrease in intelligence
• speech problems

Cytomegalovirus with pregnancy planing. Analysis for cytomegalovirus in pregnancy

A woman who seriously suits the issue of pregnancy planning consults a gynecologist, already at this stage gives an analysis on TORCH-infection, which allows us to identify a number of serious diseases that can disrupt pregnancy and affect healthchild, or antibodies to them.

IMPORTANT: "C" in the decoding of the abbreviation TORCH is Cytomegalovirus hominis.

Analysis for cytomegalovirus is included in the TORCH-complex.

Serological blood test allows detecting the presence of anti-CMV immunoglobulins of class M and G in a woman and its titer.

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus - what does this mean? Decoding of cytomegalovirus analysis in pregnant women

The results of the analysis on Cytomegalovirus hominis in a pregnant woman will allow the doctor to get answers to three important questions:

• whether the future mother is infected with cytomegalovirus
• if yes, then when
• infection has occurred, if yes, is the

virus active?cytomegalovirus during pregnancy, the norm. What do cytomegalovirus titers mean in pregnancy?

An analysis is considered normal, which did not detect antibodies IgM and IgG to Cytomegalovirus hominis. This means that the woman is not infected. But there is absolutely no guarantee that infection will not occur in the period preceding the birth.

1. High IgM titer in the absence of IgG indicates an acute period of CMV infection and, correspondingly, a high risk of infection of the fetus
2. High IgG titer in the absence of IgM indicates a virus carrier and the possibility of reactivation
3. Low titre IgM and IgG infection at the stage of fading
4. High IgM titerand IgG - reactivation of Cytomegalovirus hominis

Change in the titer of antibodies to CMV.

Treatment of cytomegalovirus. How to treat cytomegalovirus in pregnancy?

Completely eliminate Cytomegalovirus hominis, once ingested, unfortunately, impossible. But medicine knows ways to mobilize one's own immunity to fight it.
Pregnant women are usually prescribed antiviral and restorative medications. These are preparations based on interferon or herbal preparations. Effective, for example, is the drug Proteflazide.

CMV can not be cured, but can be controlled.

If there are no antibodies to the cytomegalovirus in the blood of the expectant mother, it should take preventive measures:

• do not change the sexual partner
• use condoms
• observe the rules of personal hygiene
• not eat from someone else's utensils
• regularly do cleaning in the apartment
• pay due attention to one's own health

What to do if a cytomegalovirus is found during pregnancy: advice and feedback

If a pregnant woman has Cytomegalovirus hominis, she should not consider it to be the end of the world. The guarantee of a normal course of pregnancy is a constant interaction with a doctor and a clear observance of his prescriptions.
In an acute form of infection, the expectant mother should take an analysis to control antibody titer every two weeks, and also be screened regularly to control fetal development.

VIDEO: Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy