The endometrium on days cycle norms thicknesses in mm (table) does not match the phase of the cycle

The main reproductive organ, the uterus, is lined with a functional layer. It is designed for conception, attached thereto embryo, fetus is fed therethrough necessary substances. Endometrial thickness on days cycle is changing gradually increases, saturate the blood through the vessels, and glands, ready to receive the embryo. According to the size of the layer is possible to draw conclusions about the correctness of the functioning of the reproductive system, and whether the woman can get pregnant.

The structure and tasks endometrioid layer

The inner surface of the uterine lining fabric consisting of two layers, each of which has its own functionality:

1. Basal - permeated capillaries has static thickness, responsible for blood supply and recovery of the next layer after it.
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2. Functional - controls the process flow menstruatsionnogo cycle. In the absence of pregnancy, rejection occurs exactly this layer. He rises again for 28-35 days. Significant damage to the functional layer poluchetsya abortion, and birth scraping.

The established norms of the endometrium varies by day of the cycle, taking into account the woman's age suffered by her infectious diseases, abortion, childbirth, and other factors.

From changes in the endometrium depends on the normal implantation of the embryo and the stability of the loop.

Endometrial tissue in the uterus provides the following functions:

1. preventing coalescence uterine wall;
2. facilitating the attachment of the ovum to the uterine wall;
3. Power supply of the embryo;
4. participate in filling the placental blood.

Under the action of hormonal substances endometrial growth occurs on days 4 cycle period:

1. Bleeding (desquamation). Parts torn away mucous extend outwardly at active uterine contractions. Fixed corpus luteum regression and rapidly decreases the concentration of hormones. Capillaries functional layer exposed spasm as a result of ischemia layer surface, it is rejected. Period lasts 1 or 2 days.
2. Regeneration. The process takes 3 or 4 days, during which the basal cells to rebuild destroyed endometrium.
3. Proliferation or recovery. When, after the cessation of menstruation mucosa tissue resurged, formed the main follicle appendage. Period takes 5 to 14 days.
4. Secretion. The name of the phase obtained by filling liquid mucous secret, which accumulates due to the development of capillaries and glands within the tissue. It lasts 15-28 days, during which the egg matures and is released from the ovary. Progesterone production begins after the destruction of the follicle and corpus luteum formation.

Table norms endometrium in millimeters

Taking into account the data on the statistical average diameter of the endometrium, the doctor makes conclusions about the health of women, the rate of endometrial size by day cycle is reflected in the table.

Stage tissue development	The exact days of the menstrual cycle	The diameter in mm of the functional layer
Bleeding	desquamation	1–2	4–9
Regeneration	3–4	2–5
Proliferation	Start 5-7	3–7
Mid-8-10	7–10
Completion 11-14	10–14
Secretion	Start 15-18	12–16
Mid-19-23	12–18
Completion 24-27	12–15

Deciphering the data table

The first days - it is menstruation, bleeding process, which normally takes 3-7 days. Two days lasts rejection phase. During monthly layer normally amounts to 5-9 mm. Violation able to notice on deciphering ultrasound specialist.

Further, the regeneration starts. The diameter of the mucosal tissue is now minimal - the endometrium during menstruation just three millimeters.

Proliferative phase begins on the fifth day and lasts 13-16 days. Increasing the volume of the mucosa (in days):

• Initial stage - the sixth to seventh (5-7 mm);
• middle stage - the eighth to tenth (8.12 mm);
• later stage - the tenth to fourteenth (10-14 mm).

The secretory-phase functional tissue becomes thicker, increasing in diameter from the initial to the final stage of 12 to 20 mm, to the top of menstruation mucosa thins from 20 to 15 mm.

Endometrium to the first day of the menstrual cycle becomes more thick. Blood vessels swell epithelium in the absence of conception prepares for rejection.

Menses endometrium begin at 20 or 21 mm, provided that the levels of hormones in women stable.

Pending month a woman may experience stress, physical overload, move colds, sitting on a strict diet - all this affects the process of maturation of the endometrium. If these factors led to the crash hormonal layer in accordance with the day of the cycle does not increase and endometrial thickness before menstruation will be only 12 mm - 16 mm.

What does the US and when do

When the doctor prescribes ultrasound accounted day of the menstrual cycle, the presence of systemic and gynecological diseases, which can affect the outcome.

The patient is required to undergo ultrasound within 5-7 days of the cycle to determine whether normally performs its functions lining tissue of the uterus.

Keep in mind that endometrial thickness standards by day cycle in different women may differ, so it is difficult to determine the deviation.

Uterine cavity during the critical days, according to the ultrasound is expanded to 5 mm. The thickness of the endometrium during menstruation is from 5 to 9 mm, to which - from 15 to 18 mm. It can not be determined accurately because the fabric is torn away.

At 3-7 day functional tissue in the uterine wall looks like a strip 3-8 mm in thickness. Further, the daily thickening occurs by about 0.1 mm up to ovulation. Average of 7 mm, maximum - 12 mm. In the period before the onset of ovulation ultrasound determines the following:

• structure homogeneity;
• hypoechoic endometrium;
• uterine wall are joined in the area with hyperechoic indicators.

After the onset of the ovulatory endometrial thickness reaches step from 9 to 13 mm, uterine five-layer structure, with a slightly increased echogenicity.

Using ultrasound may determine endometrial thickness on days of the menstrual cycle for conception. The mucus layer visible vacuole ducts and glands in the form of small spots anaehogennyh. The average size of the functional layer of the uterus favorable for the adoption of a fertilized oocyte, - from 15 to 16 mm.

This should be the endometrium by day cycle in healthy women of reproductive age:

• 1-7 - from 3 to 8 mm;
• endometrium 7-10 day cycle is normal is 5-12 mm;
• postovulatory period (15-21) - from 6 mm to 13 mm;
• terminating the cycle period (22 to 28) - up to 15 mm.

The duration of the cycle of each woman is individual. If he increased the speed with which the tissue grows, there will be less. When the shortened cycle, on the contrary, slimy layer will be thicker every day.

What is the thickness of the endometrium in women during menopause

Upon reaching the age of 35 ovarian reserve appendages in women begins to decline, but the first signs of fading fertility observed only at the age of 45 years. Due to the decrease in estrogen production layer of the endometrium is growing by leaps cycle slowly.

During menopause performance by leaps mucous layer of the mother is usually located on the lower threshold of the norm or much less, depending on how long ago started menopause:

• less than 5 years - the endometrium grows to 5 mm;
• more than 5 years - a maximum of 4 mm;
• more than 10-15 years, - a layer so thin that ultrasound can not determine its thickness.

Many women for medical reasons during menopause are treated with hormone replacement therapy, estrogen stabilizing production. They quantity mm mucus layer on days may be normal or approximate to that.

Pathological increase mucus layer

Increasing uterine mucous layer normally extends in a first phase of the cycle, but non-compliance with the conditions of the subsequent monthly failure observed. If the endometrium continues to grow after 15 or 17 days, disturbed hormonal regulation. Thus, ovulation does not occur, and as a result, do not come the critical days.

This condition is diagnosed as hyperplasia - abnormal increase in layer thickness. According to the comments of doctors, in practice, this happens more often than the thinning of the mucosa. The reasons that the endometrium does not match the phase of the cycle depends on the age of the patient, presence of concomitant diseases and congenital anomalies of the pelvic organs.

Non-compliance and increased mucous may occur for the following reasons:

1. Imperfection of hypothalamic-pituitary function and follicular atresia (at puberty).
2. Excessive production of estrogen, which is the result of various disorders in the body (in women of childbearing age).

Atypical hyperplasia often accompanies diseases such as the degeneration of the endometrium and adenomyosis in malignant tissue.

Can endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus to pass itself after a month? The answer depends on the cause thickening of the mucosa. The problem is caused by prolonged fasting, vitamin deficiency, abrupt hormonal failure is able to decide on their own. Same as the pathology fibroids, polycystic, endometriosis, require that treatment.

The reasons are too thin layer endometrioid

Inconsistency of the mucous layer of the uterus size standards menstrual cycle leads to infertility.Too thin endometrium makes it impossible to implantation of the ovum.

Hypoplasia manifests itself by the fact that during the entire cycle of the thickness of the mucous membrane is about six millimeters. Although the endometrium by 11-12-day cycle should normally be 10-14 mm. With this indicator embryo implantation is not possible, even if it is carried out IVF.

Upon occurrence of a pregnancy conceived in most cases end in miscarriage at hypoplasia.

Thinning of the layer of the uterus and ovum rejection occurs for the following reasons:

• chronic inflammation internal mucous layer - endometritis;
• repeated scraping for diagnostic purposes;
• frequent abortions;
• abnormal uterine structure and its innate character of the mucous membrane;
• lack of estrogen production in the background of hormonal disorders;
• inadequate blood flow to the pelvic organs;
• increase in the width and magnitude of the superficial veins.

When the mucous layer by day growing with deviations from the norm indicators, menstruation in girls come later - in 15-16 years, whereas in healthy girls first period come in 11 or 12 years.

In women, periods when a thin layer of the endometrium scarce, are only 2-3 days. Critical days pass quickly. There are primary, secondary infertility since conception rarely becomes possible.

As restore normal epithelial thickness

The layer of the endometrium is dependent on how the functioning organs of the endocrine system, and central regulation portions located in the brain. Treatment of violations and deviations is chosen depending on the cause.

Be sure to determine the level of hormones:

• thyroid stimulating;
• follikostimuliruyuschego;
• antimyullerovsky;
• LH;
• progesterone;
• prolactin;
• estradiol.

Instead, dilatation and curettage is used more modern method in recent years - hysteroscopy. During physicians look condition the uterine cavity and to hold biopsy. Only the results of the survey can be concluded severe deficiency of the mother layer or its normal function.

Drug therapy, if the endometrium does not quite match the phase of the cycle, provides for the appointment of hormonal drugs to maintain the function of the appendages. Women in menopause to restore normal mucosal thickness corresponding norms cycle fails. They prescribe hormones to ease menopausal symptoms - hot flushes, autonomic disorders, blood pressure drops. Preference is given to gynecologists Norethisterone tablets, Goserelin, Buserelin.

Women of childbearing age prescribed drugs:

• Yasmin;
• Novinet;
• Marvelon;
• Jess;
• Silest.

They have a low androgenic effects on the female body and help to stabilize the parameters of the functional layer of the uterus. Hormones are advised to take after curettage procedure.

Being guided by the norms of endometrial thickness, a gynecologist, conducting ultrasound, can make a preliminary diagnosis - hyperplasia, hypoplasia, fading fertility. If the disruption index recorded only once, on a background of stress, change of climate or physical exertion, there is nothing to worry about. When the endometrium does not ripen on days appear delays and failures when the cycle of negative tests, treatment is required.