People of middle and old age are sometimes exposed to such a serious disease as intestinal thrombosis. At the same time, their further condition directly depends on how soon they will enter the hospital and receive the correct diagnosis and treatment.
In order not to miss the precious time that is devoted to saving the patient's life, everyone should know about the symptoms of this disease in order to take timely measures.
Contents of
- What to know about
- Disease Causes of development of
- First symptoms of
- Disease stages of
- Disease
- Diseases Diagnostic methods How to independently diagnose thrombosis at home
- Diagnostic methods in a medical institution
- Conservative therapy
- Surgery
- Complications and consequences
- Rehabilitation
Human blood has a property of coagulation, which in medicine is called
coagulation .This is a very important function, without which the person would lose all blood and die at the slightest wound.But this function also contributes to the fact that with age in the blood clots( clots) are formed.
They can arise in any area of the human body. So, getting into the artery of the intestine, they clog its lumen, not allowing the blood to feed this area of the intestine. As a result, the necrosis of her tissues.
Causes of development of
The main causes of the development of intestinal thrombosis are:
- atherosclerosis is a disease of the vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques, with the rupture of which there are thrombi;
- hypertension - increased pressure, which helps rupture of atherosclerotic plaques;
- myocardial infarction - provokes the formation of thrombi in the heart;
- endocarditis - inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, which contributes to the formation of blood clots;
- thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the veins on the legs, accompanied by stagnation of blood and thrombosis;
- rheumatism is a disease of connective tissue, the result of which is the development of heart disease and the formation of thrombi;
- postoperative period - the protective reaction of the body is activated, as a result of which thrombi are formed, which help stop the bleeding;
- postpartum thrombosis - with a large loss of blood due to labor in the blood vessels, thrombi form;
- sepsis - a blood infection that promotes thrombosis.
The first symptoms of the disease
Thrombosis of the intestine is difficult to diagnose, so you should carefully consider such symptoms:
- Sudden acute pain in the abdominal area that occurs after eating;
- Nausea, vomiting, broken stool( diarrhea, constipation);
- Flatulence, which accompanies the tension of the abdominal muscles;
- Skin blurred, sweating, dry mouth;
- A testicular tumor in the area between the navel and the pubis, resulting from the accumulation of blood;
- Low pressure;
- In the feces you can notice the blood of a bright color.
Stages of the disease
Thrombosis of the intestine is divided into such stages:
- Bowel ischemia - at this stage of the disease it is still possible to restore the damaged organ. The main symptom is an unbearable, cramping pain in the
Bowel Ischemia
abdomen. The patient suffers from vomiting, in which it is possible to notice bile, and afterwards - the smell of stool, sometimes with an admixture of blood. The chair becomes liquid. - Infarction of the intestine - the body changes, resulting in intoxication of the body. Instead of a liquid stool, constipation appears, the walls of the intestine begin to break down. In feces you can find blood, between the navel and the pubis begins to form a dough swelling - this is the so-called Mondor symptom. Pain becomes such that the patient can no longer tolerate it. The skin becomes pale, and after - cyanotic.
- Peritonitis - there is a pronounced poisoning of the body with toxins, the circulatory system is broken. The pain stops, but vomiting increases, the stool becomes unpredictable. The patient's stomach is slightly swollen, soft, slightly painful. Inflammation increases, pain occurs in the affected area of the intestine. Soon, his paralysis occurs, as a result of which there is a delay in stool and gases. There is hypotension, fever, the skin becomes earthy.
disease types Depending on whether the blood flow is restored after blockage, the further course of the disease is divided into into three types:
- Compensated - the process of blood circulation in the intestine completely returns to normal.
- Subcompensated - the restoration of blood flow occurs in part.
- Decompensated - it is impossible to normalize blood circulation, as a result of which an intestinal infarction develops.
Diagnostic techniques
On how soon the disease will be diagnosed and treatment is started, the further state of health of the patient depends. There are two types of diagnosis of mesenteric thrombosis: at home and in the hospital .
Let's consider both options in more detail.
alone can be diagnosed with a thrombosis of the house. The symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting with blood, liquid stools, blanching of the skin and mucous membranes, a hard abdomen, a sharpening of the facial features, an increase in temperature to 38 ° C and higher, hypertension, andthen lowering blood pressure, you need to immediately call an ambulance.
It should be remembered that in case of delay, the disease will not be able to be defeated to the end.
It should also be taken into account that no drugs and even narcotic drugs can not eliminate pain in the abdomen.
Diagnostic methods in a medical institution
When admitted to a hospital with suspected thrombosis of the intestine, the patient is subjected to a number of research methods that will allow an accurate diagnosis. Here are the methods used for this :
- First, an history and patient examination is performed.
- The blood test is performed on the level of ESR( erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and leukocytes. With thrombosis, these indicators increase.
- Radiography of , which will help establish acute intestinal obstruction.
- Diagnostic laparoscopy , in which an optical tube with a camera is inserted through the incision in the abdominal cavity, displaying the image of the patient's internal organs on the monitor screen.
- Diagnostic laparotomy - is performed in the event that it is impossible to perform laparoscopy. If there are signs of a bowel infarction, the affected area is removed.
- Computed tomography , which allows detailed examination of internal organs.
- Angiography of the intestinal vessels - a contrast medium( iodine-containing drug) is injected into the vessels and an x-ray of the abdominal cavity is performed. With the help of these manipulations, one can see the place and degree of occlusion of the mesenteric vessels.
- Colonoscopy - by introducing a colonoscope with the camera through the colon, the state of the intestine is studied.
- Endoscopy is a similar method, only the tube-endoscope is inserted through the mouth.
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Dangerous and unpredictable thrombophlebitis of superficial veins can cause many troubles and problems if the disease is not diagnosed in time.
The Importance of First Aid
All that you can do in case of alarming symptoms in a patient is to carry out his urgent hospitalization of .
Transfer patient in a supine position, if necessary, enter a cardiac remedy: caffeine, camphor oil or cardiamine. Further care is provided to the patient in the clinic.
Treatment process
Depending on the stage of the patient's illness, the doctor determines which method of treating intestinal vascular thrombosis should be applied to him - is conservative or surgical.
Conservative therapy
This method of treatment is possible only if the disease has not yet progressed. There are two methods of therapy:
- parenteral method of administering ( by inhalation or injection) anticoagulants that dilute blood. These drugs include heparin and its analogues;
- injection of disaggregants and thrombolytics.
Despite the high mortality rate for thrombosis, in case of timely application of adequate treatment, there are many chances for recovery.
Surgery
If the disease is at a more serious stage, or to cope with it medication failed, then surgical intervention is applied, and 
conservative methods act only as an auxiliary therapy.
If ischemia of the intestine is observed, the disease can pass by itself. But can be used as a prophylaxis for a course of taking antibiotics , which remove toxins from the body.
If necessary, is used to remove the damaged bowel tissue of and to stitch together its healthy areas, or bypass( creating a detour around a clogged vessel that allows blood to move on).
In acute mesenteric ischemia, surgery is required. The doctor determines what it is necessary to do: bypass, removal of thrombus or damaged area, angioplasty ( insertion into the vessel of the catheter, widening the narrowed section of the artery and allowing the blood to move further).
This contributes to the fact that the course of the disease stops, does not develop necrosis of the intestine.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis is eliminated with anticoagulants, the course of treatment lasts six months. These medications help to prevent blood clotting, preventing the formation of blood clots.
For necrosis of the intestinal tract, surgical intervention is necessary.
After operation
After surgery for intestinal thrombosis complications may occur and rehabilitation is required.
Complications and consequences
If the post-operative period does not adhere to prescriptions of the doctor, then complications of with health may occur:
- pus formation on the rumen left after the operation;
- pain due to the appearance of intestinal adhesions - this is due to the fact that the intestinal loops after surgery are interconnected.
Rehabilitation
After the operation, the patient should spend some time in the hospital. Within two weeks after discharge is contraindicated for any , even the lightest.
It takes more time to spend in bed, you can do a light massage of the stomach, stroking it clockwise.
The maximum weight that can be raised during this period is 2 - 5 kg, depending on the complexity of the operation. If you exceed the load, you can provoke the appearance of a hernia.
A couple of weeks after surgery, the patient is not allowed to use the bath. Instead, it is best to wash under a warm shower, trying not to touch the joints to avoid their inflammation.
Postoperative diet should include products: rice and semolina porridge, butter, fruit, fermented milk products, white bread, lean boiled meat and fish, eggs.
Smoked and canned foods, mustard, onions and garlic, alcohol are prohibited. Also, it is not necessary to drink whole milk in the first months, so as not to provoke an intestinal disorder.
It takes a lot of time for to spend outdoors, do exercise, observe hygiene and see a doctor.
The duration of sleep should be at least 8 hours a day.
Forecast
If you start the right treatment at the initial stage of the disease, then most likely, the result will be positive.
If an intestinal infarction occurs, surgery can help, but the main thing here is to be on time.
Preventative measures
To avoid mesenteric thrombosis, the following measures should be taken:
- Adhere to a healthy diet in which a significant place is occupied by vegetables, fruits and whole grains. The use of animal fats, sweet and smoked dishes should be limited.
- Quit smoking, as this increases the risk of constriction and inflammation of the vessels, arteriosclerosis may occur.
- Move more, do the exercises.
- Regularly visit a doctor, taking care of your health.
Given all of the above, it can be concluded that intestinal thrombosis - is a dangerous disease, which is much easier to avoid than cure.
But if it so happened that you overtook this illness, then it is important to diagnose it in time and go to the hospital. Then there is a large percentage of the probability of a successful outcome of treatment.
If you ignore the disease to the last, the result may be disappointing, up to the death of the patient from necrosis of the intestine.
Therefore, always be attentive to your health, visit doctors and lead the right way of life, especially if you are not young. This will help you avoid many problems.
Video: Mesenteric ischemia of the intestine
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