Plastic surgery of the oral cavity: technology and methods of operation

An oral cavity is a horseshoe-shaped space between the lips and cheeks on one side and the teeth and gums on the other.

The diagnosis of a small mouth of the mouth is made if the distance from the gum to the cheeks is less than five millimeters.

This pathology can lead to the development of various diseases of teeth and gums, so patients are prescribed plastic vestibule or vestibuloplasty.

Causes and consequences of shallow approach

Two pathologies are recognized:

• congenital;
• purchased.

In the second case, various injuries can be the cause of the defect. Acquired pathology can also become a consequence of surgical intervention.

Inadequate size of the mouth opening causes tension of the gum, which leads to its lowering and exposure of the lower part of the dentition. All this can be accompanied by a tightening of the bridle, cheeks and lips. A similar situation can lead to such consequences as:

• increased interdental distance;
• sensitivity of teeth and gums;
• loosening of the teeth;
• inflammation of the gums;
• appearance of bad breath;
• occurrence of periodontal pockets;
• bite change;
• gum recession;
• infectious periodontal diseases;
• infringement of formation of dentition in children.

The small mouth of the mouth leads to a decrease in the mobility of the lips, which, in turn, causes disturbances in the pronunciation of sounds.

How can I identify a pathology?

The following symptoms may help to identify a defect:

• the mucosal attachment site is either very narrow or completely absent;
• tension of the gum tissue at the junction with the teeth;
• bleeding and inflammation of the gums;
• increase the sensitivity of the incisors;
• gingival abscess;
• jaw strain;The
• bridle is small in size;
• violation in the pronunciation of sounds;
• lips cease completely to close and lose their mobility.

Indications for plastic surgery

The patient is prescribed plastic if he has the following symptoms:

• high adherence of the gum tissue to the teeth;
• dentition of the tooth root;
• changes in the bone tissue of the tooth;
• development of malocclusion;
• gingival recession;
• changes in the pronunciation of sounds;
• is a chronic form of periodontal disease.

It is recommended to hold the plastic injection of the oral cavity in children after the appearance of incisors and the eruption of all teeth of the lower jaw, which occurs at the age of about 9 years.

Contraindications to procedure

Vestibuloplasty has a list of contraindications to the implementation:

• narcotic, nicotine and alcohol dependence;
• psychoneurological diseases;
• osteomyelitis( infectious inflammation of all constituent parts of bone tissue);
• brain vasculitis( inflammation and destruction of the walls of blood vessels);
• severe disturbances in the relief of the soft tissues of the oral cavity;
• collagenosis( connective tissue disease);
• a large amount of deep caries;
• non-compliance with oral hygiene;
• oncological diseases;
• rehabilitation period after treatment of malignant tumors with the use of radiotherapy;
• active form of tuberculosis;
• diabetes mellitus.

Preparing for operation

Before the surgery, the patient will need to undergo a comprehensive diagnosis. It includes a number of procedures to determine the exact diagnosis and to exclude the presence of contraindications, namely:

• X-ray study;
• instrumental examination;
• examination of the oral cavity and patient questioning.

Immediately before the surgical procedure, the patient is thoroughly cleansed. Before vestibuloplastika it is not recommended to take painkillers, as they can provoke the appearance of side effects from local anesthesia. Do not eat solid foods five hours before the procedure to avoid damaging the gums.

Vestibuloplasty groups

All methods used to eliminate pathology can be divided into the following groups:

1. Open .Plastic surgery involves the execution of incisions of soft connective tissue and the separation of parts of the mucosa. After the plastic, an open wound remains at the place of its execution.
2. Closed .During such interventions, the gingival zone is enlarged. The wound that forms is closed with a soft cloth and sutured.
3. Patchwork .At the end of this procedure, the wound is closed with fragments of skin and mucous membrane taken from another surface.
4. Operation using the plate. After the procedure, the patient is prescribed to wear a special soft plate that promotes adjustment.

Methods of vestibuloplasty

The choice of the method of operation depends on individual diagnostic results as well as the capabilities of the medical institution. In the oral cavity deepening surgery, it is customary to distinguish the following plastic techniques:

According to Clark

This method is considered to be one of the most convenient and easy to implement, and therefore the most popular. The only drawback of this method is that it is designed to eliminate the defect only on the upper jaw. The recovery period after the Clark procedure is fourteen days.

According to Edlan-Meicher

The method has become widespread due to the length of the results obtained during the operations.

The disadvantages of the procedure can be attributed to the fact that during the surgical intervention exposed portion of the lip. The rehabilitation period is also about fourteen days.

Tunnel plastic

The method is suitable for eliminating the pathology of the upper and lower jaw. On the positive side is a relatively small area of ​​the wound that occurs during plastic surgery. The rehabilitation period is ten days.

Laser plastic

The use of the laser allows almost completely to avoid tissue trauma during surgical intervention and noticeably reduce the recovery period.

Other advantages of laser plastics include:

• the most aesthetic appearance;
• minimizing the risk of developing the infectious process;
• no bleeding and swelling of soft tissues;
• increase the accuracy of the cuts.

According to Schmidt

Suitable for elimination of defect on the lower jaw. During the operation, the tissue of the periosteum is not removed.

According to Glikman

A universal method used to eliminate pathology of any size.

The average operation time is about fifteen minutes. The use of local anesthesia can save the patient from pain.

Technology of procedure

The procedure of deepening is carried out under local anesthesia and includes several stages:

1. An incision is made at the junction of the movable part of the mucous membrane and the gum tissue.
2. The movable fold is separated from loose connective tissues by means of special scissors. At this stage, the doctor must ensure that during the separation do not injure the tissue.
3. A cut is made of a depth of 15 millimeters.
4. With the help of the above manipulations, a new threshold is created. The edge of the inner shell is sewn to the growth in the newly formed depression.
5. A bandage with iodoform is fixed on the operated site.

Rehabilitation after surgery and possible consequences of

The patient is recommended to adhere to a number of rules that allow reducing the duration of the recovery period and avoiding postoperative complications.

In the first six hours after the procedure, the patient must apply ice to the outside of the operated area to reduce the edema formed. Ice should be wrapped with a cloth or bag to prevent frostbite on the upper layers of the skin. The ice is applied at twenty minute intervals.

Within 14 days after the operation, the patient must adhere to a special diet that excludes hot and cold foods, hard foods, as well as sour, salty and sweet foods. The patient will also have to give up alcoholic drinks and fermented milk products for this period.

To clean the teeth in the first three days, use a soft brush without using a toothpaste or toothpaste. It is also necessary to rinse the mouth regularly with antibacterial solutions.

If the doctor has prescribed medications to the patient that help accelerate tissue repair after surgery, the prescribed prescription should be strictly followed.

Within one month after the procedure, the patient must perform oral exercises and gum massage.

During the week the patient is recommended to refrain from physical exertion. An important step on the way to recovery after surgery is a proper sleep, which is at least seven hours a day.

Possible postoperative complications include:

• gum bleeding;
• soft tissue swelling;
• appearance of fistula;
• formation of a keloid scar;
• reduced sensitivity.

After the procedure, the patient should come to the doctor for an examination. This will identify the occurrence of complications in the early stages, as well as monitor the rehabilitation process after surgery. The result after plastics can be seen in the photo below.

The price of the operation varies depending on the degree of deepening. The cost of eliminating pathology of the I degree is 17 thousand rubles, the threshold of the second degree is 23 thousand rubles. The price does not include the cost of the materials necessary for the operation.

Patient's opinion

Patients' feedback indicates that the operation is not dangerous, and the risk of complications is minimized if all the doctor's recommendations are followed.

Pathology can cause a number of unpleasant consequences for the patient. That is why it is recommended to carry out the operation immediately after the negative consequences from the pathology were discovered. Surgical treatment of a defect is a simple and quick operation that will preserve the health of teeth and gums.