Poisoning is a disorder in the body that results from the ingestion of a toxin or poison. The causes of intoxication are most often spoiled products or non-compliance with hygiene rules. Less often, poisoning occurs with medicinal preparations, carbon monoxide, alkalis or acids. In intoxication, it is important not only timely medication, but also compliance with the correct diet, and for this you need to know what you need and can eat while poisoning.
Species and symptoms
to the table of contents ^Food poisoning
Acute food poisoning arises from the use of foods contaminatedazlichnymi microbes and toxins( waste products of these microbes).Such poisonings are called microbial or toxic infections. Their pathogens are most often staphylococci, proteas, cytrobacteria, clostridia, klebsiella, enterococci and other strains of Escherichia coli.
Infection in most cases falls into the food during cooking or when stored incorrectly. The first symptoms of food poisoning occur only after 2-3 hours after eating. Sharply worsens the state of health, nausea, frequent vomiting, diarrhea( sometimes with an admixture of blood or mucus), severe pain in the abdomen. With increasing signs of intoxication, the patient's blood pressure decreases, the pulse weakens or becomes more frequent. The victim becomes pale, he is thirsty, often a rise in body temperature.
The most dangerous type of food poisoning is botulism, an acute infectious disease in which toxins from anaerobic bacteria affect the central nervous system. The first manifestations of botulism - dizziness, headache, bloating, general deterioration of health. In this case, the stool and temperature can be normal. After a day, there are signs of severe brain damage - strabismus, bifurcation, paralysis of the soft palate, visual impairment, difficulty swallowing. Without treatment, the victim may die for 5 days.
Medicine poisoning
In an adult,for an unintentional overdose or when attempting suicide. Storage of medicines in an accessible place often causes accidental poisoning of children.
Symptoms of this type of intoxication are different and depend on the specific medicine taken. For example, with an overdose of hypnotics, the CNS is inhibited. A person is in an unconscious state and paralysis of the respiratory center develops.
to contents ^Alcohol poisoning
First signs of intoxication:
- First there is a strong overexcitation, red face, you can hear the pungent smell of alcohol from the mouth.
- Then there is delirium, the face is white.
- The person is fainting.
Carbon monoxide and light gas poisoning
May occur in unventilated rooms, at work and at home with gas leakage and open furnace flaps where the furnace is heated.
Similar poisonings are manifested by nausea, headache, dizziness, palpitations, tinnitus. Later, muscle weakness and vomiting occur. If a person is left in a room with poisoned air, then weakness is intensified, dyspnea appears, and consciousness becomes turbid. Then convulsions appear, and death sets in.
to contents ^Pesticide poisoning
The result of a violation of the instructions for storage and use of chemicals. In most cases, there is poisoning with esters of various acids of phosphorus, which enter the body with food or air.
Symptoms occur after 30-60 minutes in the form of damage to the nervous system, sweating, excessive salivation, changes in breathing, leg cramps. If a person does not receive first aid, then there is a muscle paralysis, cardiac arrest and death.
to contents ^Alkali and acid poisoning
In case of ingestion of concentrated caustic alkalis and acids in the gastrointestinal tract, there is an extensive burn of the stomach, esophagus, pharynx and oral cavity. Typical symptoms of this type of poisoning are pain in the mouth and behind the chest, repeated vomiting with blood. The patient may experience pain, swelling of the larynx and asphyxia.
First aid
For alkali poisoning, it is recommended to wash the stomach with an acid solution( in a glass of boiled water dissolve 1 gram of citric acid).After the procedure, first give the victim cold cream or milk in small portions, and then swallow small pieces of ice. In addition, it is recommended to put ice wrapped in tissue on the chest and in the epigastric region.
At alcoholic poisoning of the patient it is first necessary to bring to life( to give sniffs of ammonia), then rinse the stomach with water and cover the body with warmers.
If a person has suffered from pesticides, then, in addition to rinsing with the adsorbent, a person should be given salt laxatives.
In case of gas poisoning, the injured person should be moved to fresh air and made artificial respiration when stopped.
to table of contents ^Treatment of
When poisoning with food, if the patient's condition is stable, is not complicated by convulsions, difficulty breathing and pain in muscles, the treatment consists in taking adsorbents( Smecta, activated charcoal, etc.) and dieting.
In case of complications or if the condition of the victim does not improve within 2-3 days, it is necessary to see a doctor immediately. Also, without delay, seeking medical help is necessary for botulism, poisoning with pesticides and alkalis.
to the table of contents ^Diet
to the table of contents ^What can
After the body begins to slowly recover, you can start eating on a strict diet. For some time it is necessary to abandon the products that promote the secretion of gastric juice and are capable of provoking liver irritation.
To start eating after poisoning is best from sweet tea with crackers. After a few days, light chicken broth and mashed potatoes cooked on water without adding oil can be introduced into the diet. It is also recommended to include porridges on the diet in the diet, bananas are allowed from the fruit. Gradually introduce into the ration cutlets or meatballs, steamed, boiled chicken breast.
After the poisoning the body is still weakened, so you do not need to overload the stomach with a lot of food, for one meal there will be enough couple of spoons of food, but there should be at least 6 times a day. All dishes must be steamed and served warmly.
Do not forget that after poisoning the body needs an additional amount of vitamins microelements. Therefore, according to the recommendations of the doctor, you need to drink medicines that contain vitamins A, B, C, minerals.
to contents ^What can not be
When poisoning from a daily diet should be deleted:
- Fresh bread, bakery products, pasta. Soups with meat and fat broth.
- Fatty grades of meat and fish.
- Sausages and other smoked products.
- Foods that contain preservatives.
- Pearl, wheat and barley cereals.
- Raw vegetables and fruits.
- Honey and other sweets.
- All spicy and salty dishes, as well as sauces, ketchup and mayonnaise.
- Fat milk and butter.
- Eggs.
- Carbonated and alcoholic beverages.
If during a poisoning to strictly observe a diet and drink a sufficient amount of liquid, then within a few days( depending on the severity of the poisoning) it will be possible to return to a sparing diet. However, we must remember that the transition from diet to regular food should be cautious and gradual, so as not to harm the body even more.
to the table of contents ^Pregnant
Poisoning during pregnancy is a dangerous condition that can lead to miscarriage. You can poison yourself with almost any substance - cosmetics, household chemicals, food or plain water. Most often, intoxication appears due to the use of products that are spoiled or contain a large number of nitrates, for example, watermelons or early vegetables from greenhouses.
When a woman is poisoned, she should immediately seek medical help, only in a medical institution can she correctly determine the cause of the poisoning and prescribe the correct treatment. Doctors will carry out procedures approved during pregnancy aimed at stopping the process of intoxication.
In addition to the procedures, a pregnant woman will be recommended a special diet, which must be observed until the condition improves. In the first 2 days, you should give preference to vegetable mashed soups, home-made crackers and low-fat broth. On 3-4 days you can gradually enter into a meal dishes from boiled or stewed vegetables, strong sweet tea and porridge on water without oil. It should be from meat, fish, raw vegetables and fruits.
to contents ^Is it possible to breastfeed
This decision is influenced by the severity of the disease and the condition of the woman. With severe or moderate severity, the affected person should be urgently hospitalized in the infectious disease department. In this case, breast-feeding becomes impossible. The only thing that doctors recommend, so it is expressed in order not to lose milk.
If the poisoning is easy, the woman can be treated at home and continue to feed her baby. With mild poisoning, the digestive system is mainly affected, and penetration of bacteria and toxins into breast milk is unlikely. The greatest danger in this case is represented by the hands and other parts of the body, to which the microbes that provoked the poisoning can get. Therefore, mom must always comply with all the rules of hygiene.
Breastfeeding mother after poisoning should adhere to the recommended strict diet, as well as pregnant.
to the table of contents ^To a child
Poisoning in childhood is quite common and its first signs are often vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, etc. During this period, the child, besides the prescribed course of treatment, needs proper nutrition, directedto restore and maintain the body.
Diet in the first place includes heavy drinking, especially if the child has constant vomiting and diarrhea. To maintain the water balance of the baby you can drink it with herbal tea( broth of dog rose) or with black tea, as well as mineral water without gas or compote of dried fruits. The liquid should be given in small sips every 5-10 minutes.
During the diet during poisoning of children, it is forbidden to feed foods that have a laxative effect and intensify fermentation processes: whole milk, baked goods, smoked products, black bread, etc.