Where does the hernia of the white abdominal line come from and how to treat it

The hernia of the white line of the abdomen is a disease in which the protrusion of a part of the organs through the holes between the muscles along the midline of the peritoneum is observed. The usual thickness of the white line of the abdomen is from 1 to 3 centimeters, but in the presence of pathology it increases to 10 centimeters.

Contents:

reasons
Symptoms
What threatens
Diagnostics
Operation
Open Access
laparoscopic
Preperitonealny access
diet after surgery
Treatment without
surgery during pregnancy
Children
Treatment folk

means include hernias of the anterior abdominal wall is a disease foundrarely and is 2-9%.Most often, hernia is diagnosed in men aged 20 to 35 years, but it can also appear in women, children and the elderly.

Hernia on the white line does not appear suddenly, it develops gradually. There are several stages of the disease: the preperitoneal lipoma, the initial stage and the final formation. First, the preperitoneal tissue leaves the gap and a lipoma appears. At the first stage, a hernial sac arises that affects the site of the small intestine or part of the omentum. The final formation of the pathology is accompanied by the formation of hernial gates and a sac. Most often, hernias are formed one by one, in rare cases are multiple, located one above the other.

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Causes of

Congenital or acquired weakness of connective tissue often causes the formation of a belly hernia on the white line. At the same time, its thinning, enlargement, the formation of holes and diastase( muscle discrepancy) are noted.

The causes of weakening connective tissue in adults and children include:

Genetic predisposition.
Obesity.
Injuries to the abdomen.
Postoperative scars.

The risk is high and intra-abdominal pressure. Its appearance is provoked by the following factors:

Physical overstrain.
Constipation.
Pregnancy.
Diseases accompanied by a prolonged cough( whooping cough, chronic bronchitis, etc.).
Difficult childbirth.
In children with prolonged crying and screaming.

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Symptoms of

Herniation of the white line of the stomach for a long time may not be evident. The main symptoms of the disease are:

Painful bulging of the middle line.
Pain at the top of the abdomen, especially with abrupt movements and straining. Painful sensations can intensify after eating and during physical exertion. In some cases, they are absent.
Constipation, nausea, rarely vomiting. Mostly appear or increase after eating.

Read also why constantly belches stomach and what to do at the same time http://woman-l.ru/silno-puchit-zhivot/

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Threatens

The formation of a "slit" in the anterior wall of the peritoneum can lead to the infringement of organs,released through the hernia gates. A sign of this complication is the irreparable hernia, in which the bag can not return to the abdominal cavity either independently or with the help of the hand. In this case, the patient is shown urgent surgical intervention.

The dangerous complications of hernia also include:

Inflammation and injury of the internal organ, which is in the hernia gates.
Intestinal obstruction.
Protrusion of the hernia( observed at the last stage of development of pathology).
Development of peritonitis.
Suppuration.

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Diagnosis

Hernia belly, localized on the white line, can be located above the navel, near and below it. The latter are rare. The doctor makes the diagnosis on the basis of:

Inspection data. When the white line is probed, the compaction is revealed, the patient may feel pain.
X-ray examination of the contents of the hernial sac with preliminary reception of a contrast agent( barium).
Ultrasound examination( ultrasound).
Computed tomography.

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Operation

Hernia of the white line is not treated conservatively, only surgery is used. Access to the hernia is carried out in three methods, each of which has negative and positive sides, the choice of treatment depends on the age and condition of the patient.

During the postoperative period, patients are prescribed medications that relieve pain, recommended outdoor walks and small physical activities( special exercises, gymnastics).It is also necessary to abandon bad habits( smoking and drinking alcohol).In addition, after the operation, patients are not allowed to drive vehicles.

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Quickly restore the muscle tone will help wearing a corset that will prevent relapse. If the patient worked before a surgical intervention in difficult conditions, then he needs to change jobs and move to an easier job.

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Open access

Carried out with a cut length equal to the vertical dimension of the bulging.

The positive side of the method:

The preservation of the internal organ, which is located within the hernia.
Allograft fixation quality.
Low recurrence rate.
Ability to perform surgical treatment under local anesthesia.

The main disadvantages are severe pain in the postoperative period and the formation of a long scar.
A graft made of hypoallergenic quality materials takes on all the load, protecting the tissues from new strains. The need for its installation is mainly determined during the operation, when it is clearly visible in what condition the patient's native tissues are.

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Laparoscopic access

Performed using medical video equipment and surgical instruments through 3 small punctures on the abdomen.

The advantages of laparoscopy are small scars on the abdomen, and in the period of rehabilitation less severe pain.

The disadvantages are:

The need for general anesthesia.
Filling the peritone with carbon dioxide, which is contraindicated in patients with diseases of the lungs and heart.
Lower reliability of fixing the mesh.
High frequency of relapses.

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Preperitoneal access

Like laparoscopic, it is carried out through small punctures with the help of surgical instruments and video equipment, but without penetration into the peritoneum and without filling it with gas. The positive side is the possible( but undesirable) use of local anesthesia.

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The negative side of this type of operation is as follows:

The mesh is not fixed, because of what it can begin to twist and move.
Duration of surgical intervention.
High technical complexity.
Risk of damage to organs that are part of a hernia.

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Diet after operation

The main goal of a dietary diet after removal of a hernia is to reduce bowel pressure in the area of surgical intervention. This can be achieved through rational fractional nutrition and the exclusion of products that cause increased gas production, prolong the process of digesting food, and also contribute to constipation.

To restore the normal functioning of the intestine for several days after surgery, patients are advised to use liquid and semi-liquid foods: yoghurts, kefir, lightly ground soups, low-fat broths, kissels, cottage cheese, etc. You can gradually add solid food. To prevent constipation and maintain a water balance, you must drink at least 1.5 liters of clean water a day.

Prohibited products after removal of a hernia include:

Legumes.
Oily fish and meat. Marinades and smoked meat.
Vegetables( cabbage, radish, radish, sweet pepper, tomatoes, spinach, sorrel, garlic and onions).
Fruits( apples, pears, bananas, grapes and peaches).
Black tea, coffee and carbonated drinks.
Mushrooms. Rye bread and baked pastry from yeast dough.
Porridge from corn, pearl barley and millet.
Whole milk, ice cream, cream.
Hard boiled eggs.
Dried fruits( dried apricots, prunes).
Sunflower seeds and nuts. Spicy sauces and condiments.
Raw and salted vegetables.

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Treatment without surgery

If a small hernia is found, the doctor can recommend the following preventive measures that will help reduce or disappear:

Training of the abdominal muscles.
Normalization of the intestine.
Weight normalization.
Caution in case of severe physical exertion or their exclusion.
Wearing a bandage during pregnancy.

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When pregnant

Hernia of the white line of the abdomen is a pathology that is often diagnosed in pregnant women. The cause of its formation is mainly increased intra-abdominal pressure. This happens because of the gradual growth of the fetus and the increase in the uterus.

During pregnancy, the question of surgical intervention is rarely raised. Exceptions include cases where complications have occurred, for example, infringement of organs.

If there are no complications, then women who are expecting a child are recommended:

Wear a special corset, bandage, which will help to exclude the possibility of squeezing the contents of the hernial sac.
Do not lift weights.
Eliminate any factors that may contribute to increased intra-abdominal pressure.

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In children

In children, hernia is often accompanied by infringement of the hernial sac, so they feel severe pain. In severe cases, peritonitis with characteristic manifestations is possible:

Vomiting.
High temperature.
General weakness.
Bloating.
Signs of irritation of peritoneum.

A frequent reason for the formation of a hernia in children on the white line of the abdomen is the weakness of the connective tissue framework, which is congenital in nature. Since it is almost impossible to strengthen it, self-healing is rare.

If a child is diagnosed with a stomach hernia, surgical removal is required. This will prevent the development of complications such as infringement of the hernial sac, an increase in the size of the defect, the development of a commissural disease. Operation in children is performed under general anesthesia, regardless of age. Through a minimal incision, the contents of the hernial sac entrain into the peritoneum, after which the aponeurosis defect is sutured. The surgeon applies cosmetic sutures, which subsequently dissolve.

To prevent the formation of a belly hernia on a white line, you should deal with the child with a special set of useful exercises and do it from a young age. Also it is necessary to remember about regular preventive examinations and necessarily to temper the kid.

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Treating folk remedies

At the initial stage of the disease, to reduce discomfort and reduce the orifice of the hernia gates can be done with the help of traditional medicine.

Compress made from oak bark.1 teaspoon of crushed bark pour 250 milliliters of boiling water and hold on the fire for about 10 minutes. After folding the gauze in several layers, moisten it in a strained broth and apply as a compress on the stomach. The dressing should be changed every 3 hours.
With strong pain, a compress of fresh nettle will help. Leaves of grass need to be rubbed and mixed with sour cream. The resulting mass is applied to the area of the hernia, and from above put a leaf of cabbage or burdock. It is recommended to do a therapeutic compress for the whole night. You need to conduct the procedure every evening for one month.
Decoction for internal use from the roots of placoon-grass. A tablespoon of finely chopped roots is brewed in 200 milliliters of boiling water. After the infusion has cooled, it must be filtered and taken at 50 milliliters 30 minutes before meals.
Broth from the flowers of a cornflower.3 teaspoons of raw material pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave for 1 hour in a warm place. The finished product is recommended to drink during the day, dividing it into 6 parts.