As a result of which postthrombotic disease develops

Postthrombotic disease( postthrombophlebitis, PTF) is a broad concept that combines the various hemodynamic disorders of .

The main cause of this disease is a clear failure of the outflow of blood through the veins of the lower extremities, as a result of which the function of the valves of the main veins is disrupted, which contributes to the manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency.

The most commonly caused pathology

The cause of post- thrombotic disease development is the previously transferred acute thrombosisthe main veins of the inferior vena cava system.

The impetus for the development of micro-and microcirculation disorders is the numerous morphological changes occurring in the walls of the blood vessels.

After fixing the thrombus to the wall of the affected vessel, the vein opens up under the power of the blood stream( this process is called recanalization).

Due to the fact that the main veins were subject to thrombosis, their valves lose their normal function, which entails the following pathological process - the "dropping" of venous blood to the foot and shin. Thus, the blood stagnates in the lower limbs.

Among other things, the causes of post-thrombotic disease of the veins of the lower limbs can be pregnancy or childbirth, of the most frequent injuries of the lower limbs, as well as cavitary operations in the peritoneum and pelvic region.

Development of phlebothrombosis with absolute health is not excluded. As a rule, patients complain of puffiness and blue skin, which is accompanied by pain syndrome.

About 25% of patients do not notice acute deep vein thrombosis, which has already led to a varicose dilatation of the subcutaneous venous vessels.

Classification of the disease

Postthrombotic disease has a small classification, which is based on clinical symptoms:

1. Osteoarthritis form manifests itself in the form of edema of the limb. Edema is located localized, depending on the location of the disease. If the ileum-femoral segment is affected, the swelling will spread to the entire limb, and in case of pathology in the femoral vein the edema will occupy the lower third of the thigh and the shin. It should be noted that a person performs a variety of severity in the day, so the swelling changes its character.
2. The varicose form of almost always has a place in the post-thrombotic disease. Subcutaneous varicose veins affect the veins of the lower leg, thigh, pubic region, external genitalia and anterior abdominal wall. The very localization of this form depends on the degree of defeat of the deepest veins. In the case of impaired blood flow through the iliac veins and inferior vena cava, varicosity affects the abdominal and thoracic walls.
3. Trophic disorders of can be expressed in different ways: skin pigmentation, dermatitis, eczema, ulcer. As a rule, the trophic form takes place in the region of the shin, namely in the supra-anterior region. Known cases are severe when trophic disorders cover the whole leg, while the pigmentation of the skin changes, and the skin itself loses its hair and becomes dry, less elastic. In the place of localization of the pathological process, the skin and subcutaneous tissue become denser, and the process gradually seizes healthy skin areas. In the process of development of trophic disorders, dermatitis rarely occurs, which is accompanied by itching or eczema. If the zone of indigestion has not been treated for a long time, ulcers will appear, which are long-term unhealthy, and infections that will cause permanent inflammation will also join.

How

manifests itself Symptoms are always the same and are typical for every form of the disease.

A person who has this pathology, feels heaviness and rapid fatigue after a long stay in an upright position. For each patient, the nature of the pain is individual, and the intensity varies with the body change.

The most pronounced pain sensations are when a person stands still and is least expressed in a horizontal position. In the case of a trophic form, ulcers are often formed, which are also accompanied by aching pains.

Diagnosis of

For an accurate diagnosis it is necessary to contact a vascular surgeon who will make a thorough examination and collect anamnesis, and a number of studies should be done:

• doplerografia of the major veins of the lower and upper extremities, the pelvic veins and the hollow veins;
• radiopaque phlebography.

Treatment of

The main task in the treatment is to reduce the stagnation of venous blood.

For successful treatment of postthrombophlebitic disease, it is necessary to combine both conservative treatment and surgical intervention.

In case of solving the problem, a number of medications( tablets, gels, creams) are prescribed by conservative methods, which dilute the blood, thus contributing to normal blood flow and avoiding blood stagnation in the vessels of the lower extremities.

It is mandatory to wear compression dressings in combination with pneumomassage and physiotherapy exercises.

But it is not always possible to get rid of the syndrome only with the help of medications and bandages, not infrequently the disease requires surgical resolution. The main task, in this case, is the treatment and prevention of the appearance of trophic ulcers.

To do this, they resort to separating the deep and superficial system on the shins.

Complications that can cause the pathology of

The most important danger is the severance of the thrombus with subsequent obstruction of the pulmonary vessels( or pulmonary embolism).

Causes of the complication may be different:

• genetic predisposition;
• subsequently severe injuries;
• surgery in the hip or knee area;
• cancers and their treatment;
• stroke;
• gestation period;
• is overweight;
• smoking.

Preventative measures

For prevention purposes, doctors prescribe anticoagulant medications that prevent the occurrence of thrombi after surgery.

It is also necessary to perform exercises, for example, to pull your toes upwards( towards the head).After the operation, it is recommended to start walking, not to lie down. This will promote normal blood circulation.

Conclusions

To avoid this disease, especially if there is a predisposition to such a pathology, it is necessary to be systematically examined by a phlebologist.

It should be remembered that timely treatment started will avoid complications and, possibly, surgery.