Principles of Nutrition in Diabetes Mellitus
Small amounts of carbohydrates and large amounts of proteins( 14-20%) are characterized by foods such as meat of animals, birds, and liver. The use of jelly in the diet is allowed in unlimited quantities.
Instead of meat, it is recommended to eat nonfat fish .
Products such as milk, lactic acid products contain 4.5% carbohydrates. Cream and sour cream are a source of fats, while they are relatively poor in carbohydrates( 3-4%).Cheeses are characterized by a rich content of proteins and fats, but a small( 0-2%) carbohydrate content. Lipotropic properties of cottage cheese cause its exceptional utility. It regulates cholesterol metabolism, and positively affects the metabolic processes in the liver.
It is necessary to limit to a large extent the consumption of sugar, honey and jam, and to sweeten food use saccharin, xylitol and sorbitol .Xylitol and sorbitol have a sweet taste, are non-toxic, well tolerated by the body and have no effect on blood sugar levels. Xylitol, in comparison with sorbitol, is characterized by a more sweet taste. In most cases these substances take 15-20 g 2-3 times a day. Admission on an empty stomach 30-40 g of these drugs has a choleretic and laxative effect. It is less desirable to use saccharin, although its small doses are harmless. Before using saccharin, it is first recommended to dissolve it and then sweeten the food, adding it dropwise. This substance, if added to food during its preparation, gives the dishes a bitter taste.
A significant place in the diet of patients should occupy vegetables, containing a large number of necessary for the human body mineral compounds and vitamins. They create a feeling of satiety, while containing no more than 4-5% carbohydrates. It is recommended to use white cabbage, zucchini, tomatoes, cucumbers, radish, turnips, lettuce, spinach and asparagus. A few more carbohydrates contain carrots( 7%), beets( 8%) and potatoes( 20%), but they all come in approved products.
Fruits , due to the rich content of vitamins in them, should be widely used in the nutrition of patients, but it must take into account the content in them a significant amount of carbohydrates, in most cases - more than 10%.
Dried fruits contain a high amount of carbohydrates: raisins - 69%, apricots - 68%, prunes - 65%, dried apricots - 63%, figs - 51%.Somewhat to a lesser extent, but also rich in carbohydrates are berries. For example, the content of carbohydrates in sea-buckthorn is 6%, in cranberries - 7%, in raspberries and strawberries - 8%, in currants - 10%, and in gooseberry - 11%.
mineral waters authorized by are Borjomi, Narzan and Essentuki. Various sweet syrups, kvass and grape juice are contraindicated. In addition, it is necessary to exclude the use of beer and alcoholic beverages.
Materials used:
Shilov VN, Mits'yo VP"Healthy food"