Cervical hyperplasia (glandular, tubular epithelium of the endocervix): what it is, treatment of the disease

Hyperplasia of the cervix called benign pathology, characterized by the abnormal activity of growth of tissues. This disease is often a primary stage of hypertrophy. During this period the disease can be diagnosed only by microscopic examination.

Prolonged treatment of rejection of epithelial tissue of the cervical canal rapidly increase in size. Some types of pathology in the absence of therapy, cancer to develop notches.

Especially cervical hyperplasia

On the location of pathology are three types of the disease:

• the spread of disease by endocervical;
• change of cylindrical cells;
• changes in the glandular cells.

The glandular form disease is uneven buildup mucosa. It is manifested by the fact that the top layer of the cervical canal thickens due to occurrence of focal lesions. This activates the cell division process that occurs in the glandular epithelia, this is accompanied by the formation of nodes of different sizes and shapes.

Hyperplasia of the cylindrical epithelium of the cervix - a good-quality education, which can degenerate into cancer. This process may be due to the presence Bipotential capacity reserve cells to transform into squamous epithelium and cylindrical cells. The impetus for such regeneration can be hormonal changes (eg during puberty), hormone level disturbances in the body due to stress, pregnancy.

Hyperplasia endocervical - pathology accompanied buildup cervical mucosa. Almost always a benign.

There are several types of cervical hyperplasia. Are 4 main types of this disease:

• atypical complex;
• moderate;
• Easy;
• complex physiological.

A simple form is characterized in that glandular cervical layer was increased slightly. In this case, the cell nuclei do not change their structural elements. Gland epithelium, which is localized in the affected area, will gradually grow, and the vessels, which are located side by side, do not undergo changes.

Complex physiological form is characterized by a significant increase in glandular layer. The cell structure can not be altered, but the cells lose their shape. With the development of the processes of cell nuclei remain unchanged.

atypical form complex form - the most dangerous. The fact is that under the influence of pathological changes not only the structure of the cells, but also their core. If untreated, this pathology is converted into a malignancy.

Moderate type is a transitional form of simple to complex hyperplasia. The pathology is characterized by the fact that during its development of the distinctive clinical presentation may be missing.

The causes of disease

There are several reasons that encourage the development of cervical hyperplasia. Among the main factors contributing to the disease, is isolated:

• the presence of other gynecological diseases, diseases of the uterus;
• hormonal disorders, failures;
• irregular menstrual flow;
• operative gynecological interventions;
• the presence of cancer;
• abortion, curettage for diagnostic purposes;
• the presence of cystic glands;
• metabolic disruptions: rapid weight gain, development of diabetes;
• keeping poor lifestyle;
• sharp rejection of hormonal preparations;
• early onset of sexual activity reference.

These factors activate the processes of rapid cell division mucus layer. This mainly occurs in the lumen of the cervical canal.

symptoms

Endocervical hyperplasia has few symptoms, the presence of which can be suspected development of this pathology. Among them are:

1. Contact bleeding after sexual intercourse. The symptom is unfavorable - may indicate a substandard tumor degeneration.
2. The appearance of abundant whitish mucous discharge between periods, which makes a woman several times a day to change the linen.
3. Mucosal cervical canal - can provoke bleeding between periods.
4. Bleeding with cyclic and acyclic character. In the first case it is assumed the presence of heavy bleeding for 1 week (sometimes up to several months) due to anemia. Acyclic character lies in the fact that menstruation becoming rare (1 every 4-6 months).
5. Sterility (lack of ovulation).
6. Lower abdominal pain.

If you have any of these symptoms should seek immediate medical attention to avoid all risks of degeneration hyperplasia in malignancy.

Before and after menstruation

Hyperplasia is suspected of menstrual changes. With the development of disease symptoms become more pronounced. There are several states of the organism, which indicate the presence of hyperplasia:

1. Copious menstrual flow appear after the delay. During the critical days of delay endometrial thickness grows several times, which is why there is an increase in secretions. Consistency month becomes attenuated, and in their composition appears a large number of clots. Similar menses accompanied by severe pain due to increase of pressure inside the uterus. reproductive organ tissue dilate blood vessels are compressed, which is why there are spasms.
2. Scanty menstruation hyperplasia happen in situations where the endometrium is unevenly changed. He covered centers, characterized by the growth of the mucosa. During the month they are not rejected, through the cervical canal is only output unchanged tissue. Due to the fact that the layer decreases, menses become scarce. Recognize the pathology can be on the appeared in the mid-cycle bleeding, which has developed a polyp is displayed.

When hyperplasia endocervical bleeding, similar to menstruation, may occur in the middle of the cycle. This is due to the rapid proliferation of tissues, increasing their volume.

Also between menstrual bleeding can occur through sexual contact. In this case the injured uterine cervix, and burst allocation provoke blood vessels.

during pregnancy

Hyperplasia tissues of the uterus during pregnancy is difficult to be recognized. This is due to the fact that at the time of division of placental cells first, all the symptoms of disease are absent. It is defined only by means of a specific examination. The disease can be suspected as placental growth:

• diagnosed deviation of the heart rate of the child: tachycardia or bradycardia;
• feeling markedly reduced fetal movements;
• against sharp decrease heart rate tachycardia can occur after anoxia fetal hypoxia.

If a pregnant woman is sick with diabetes, hyperplasia manifested polyhydramnios. It is also possible to increase the number of detachable mucus, burning in the vagina.

Diagnostics

At gynecological examination the doctor washes suspect hyperplasia cervical examination using a mirror. To confirm the diagnosis is assigned a comprehensive study, which is to go through the following procedures:

• colposcopy;
• Ultrasound examination of the uterus and appendages;
• biopsy;
• hysteroscopy.

Many women are appointed, all procedures, but in some cases for the diagnosis will only need some of them. Only the results obtained a doctor can make a correct diagnosis, to appoint an optimal treatment regimen.

removal of pathologies

To minimize the impact of risk factors and the likelihood of degeneration of pathology in cancer, some doctors recommend to remove it. Almost always, the expert uses a diagnostic curettage, which is carried out using a hysteroscope. This procedure allows to detect even the smallest pockets of disease.

Then the doctor prescribes surgery. This takes into account the woman's age, the desire to have a child, the presence of comorbidities. For the treatment laser treatment can be assigned, liquid nitrogen.If the cells degenerated in cancer, you must deleteuterus.

Treatment

After scraping hyperplasia the woman is prescribed a course of hormonal medications. It is necessary to actively restore the endometrium, to normalize the menstrual cycle, to establish reproduction, smooth menopause development.

In general, doctors recommend taking oral contraceptive agents, as part of which there is estrogen and progestogen. These hormones are effectively compensate for progesterone deficiency, actively restore the uterine epithelium, prevent pregnancy.

When hyperplasia is accompanied by other gynecological conditions having pathological assigned additional treatment that removes the identified pathology.

If hyperplasia was found in time, the woman began to treat it in a timely manner, the illness can withdraw completely. But advanced disease more difficult to treatment, it may be a cause of cancer, infertility, death. Therefore, the appearance of any alarm symptoms should immediately consult a gynecologist.

preventive measures

To avoid the development of hyperplasia, need regular preventive measures. To do this, a woman needs:

• time to treat the identified diseases that can trigger the formation of cervical hyperplasia: ovarian tumor, liver disease, gall bladder, pelvic inflammation;
• regularly go to the gynecological office: the frequency of visits is determined solely by the attending physician, most often it is once a year;
• regulate their own body weight, as obesity is a risk factor that provokes the formation of pathology.

In the menstrual cycle it is imperative to investigate the hormones, because the change in hormone levels may trigger the development of active disease. When diagnosing disease and related diseases physician will select an individual scheme of therapy, optimal set of products that will help most to cope with the illness, prevent the emergence of complications.