Proliferative endometrium type: what it is, late, middle, early stage

The inner layer of the uterus endometrium call. In this complex structural fabric structure and a very important role. From mucosa depend on the reproductive function of the body.

Every month throughout the cycle density, structure and size of the inner layer of the uterus changes. Phase proliferation - it is the first stage of the beginning of natural mucosal changes. It is accompanied by active cell division and growth of the mother layer.

Endometrial proliferative condition depends on the type of division intensity. Abnormalities in this process leads to abnormal thickening of tissue formed. Too many cells have a negative impact on health and contributes to the development of serious diseases. Most often, when examining women revealed glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium. There are other, more dangerous and diagnoses conditions that require urgent medical attention.

Features of endometrial proliferation

For successful fertilization and pregnancy-free cyclic changes in the uterus must comply with performance standards. In cases where there is an atypical endometrial structure, possible abnormalities.

Learn about the unhealthy state of the endometrium to the symptoms and appearances very difficult. This will help doctors, but make it easier to understand what the proliferation of endometrial tissue growth and how the impact on health, it is necessary to understand the features of cyclical changes.

The endometrium consists of a functional and the basal layer. The latter is a tight cell particles permeated with numerous blood vessels. Its main function - to restore the functional layer, which, when the failed fertilization is peeled and removed from the blood.

The uterus after menstruation is self-cleaning, and the mucosa in this period has a smooth, thin, flat structure.

Standard menstrual cycle is generally divided into three steps:

1. Proliferation.
2. Secretion.
3. Bleeding (menses).

In this order of natural changes in the proliferation is in the first place. Phase begins approximately 5-day cycle after the end of menstruation and lasts 14 days. During this period, the cell structure by actively dividing proliferate, leading to the growth of tissue. The inner layer of the uterus may be increased to 16 mm. This is the normal structure of the layer of endometrial proliferative type. Such thickening helps to perpetuate the embryo into the villae of the mother layer and then ovulation and endometrium enters the secretory phase endometrium.

If conception has occurred, the corpus luteum is implanted in the uterus. When the failed pregnancy the embryo ceases to function, the level of hormones decreases, menstruation begins.

The normal cycle stages follow one another in this order, but sometimes failures occur in this process. For various reasons, the proliferation can not stop, that is, after 2 weeks of uncontrolled cell division will continue to grow as the endometrium. Too dense and thick inner layer of the uterus often leads to problems with conception and development of severe diseases.

Diseases of proliferative nature

Intensive uterine growth layer during the proliferative phase occurs under the action of hormones. Any failure in this system prolongs the period of cell division activity. Oversupply of new tissue causes uterine body cancer and the development of benign tumor formations. Can provoke disease pathology background. Among them:

• endometritis;
• cervical endometriosis;
• adenomatosis;
• uterine fibroids;
• cysts and polyps of the uterus;
• Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Hyperactive cell division seen in women with known endocrine disorders, diabetes and hypertension. Negative impact on the status and structure of the endometrium affect abortion, curettage, obesity, abuse of hormonal contraceptives.

Against the background of hormonal problems often diagnosed hyperplasia. The disease is accompanied by abnormal proliferation of endometrial layer and has no age restriction. The most dangerous period - puberty and hyperplasia in Menopause. In women under 35 years of disease detected rarely as hormones at this age is characterized by stability.

In endometrial hyperplasia have clinical signs: broken cycle, uterine bleeding observed, there is a constant pain in the abdomen. Risk of disease is that the regression of the mucous membrane is broken. Dimensions overgrown endometrium is not reduced. This leads to infertility, anemia, cancer.

Depending on how effectively tested late and early stage proliferative endometrial hyperplasia may be atypical and glandular.

Glandular endometrial hyperplasia

High activity of proliferative processes and intensive cell division increases the volume and the structure of the endometrium. In pathological Pumping and thickening of glandular tissue, doctors diagnosed glandular hyperplasia. The main cause of the disease are hormonal disorders.

Typical symptoms glandular hyperplasia no. Show signs characteristic of many gynecological diseases. Mainly women the complaints are related to conditions during menstruation and after menstruation. Cycle changes and is different from the previous ones. Heavy bleeding and painful sensations and contain clots. Often go beyond the allocation cycle, which leads to anemia. Severe blood loss cause weakness, dizziness and weight loss.

The feature of this form of endometrial hyperplasia that the newly formed particles is not divided. Pathology rarely transforms into a malignant tumor. Nevertheless, this type of disease is characterized by typical formations indomitable tumor growth and loss of function.

atypical

atypical hyperplasia It refers to intrauterine diseases that are associated with hypoplastic endometrium processes. Basically, the disease is diagnosed in women after 45 years. Every third of the 100 pathology develops into a malignant tumor.

In most cases, this type of hyperplasia develops due to hormonal disruptions, activating proliferation. Uncontrollable cell division with impaired structure leads to the widening of the mother layer. In atypical hyperplasia secretory phase is absent, since the size and endometrial thickness increasing. This leads to a long, painful and heavy menstruation.

Marked atypia refers to the dangerous state of the endometrium. It is not only the active cell proliferation, and changes the structure of core structure epithelium.

Atypical hyperplasia is able to develop in the basal, functional, and once in both mucosal layers. The latter option is considered to be the most severe since the risk of developing cancer.

Phase endometrial proliferation

Usually women is difficult to understand what phase endometrial proliferation and as a violation of the sequence of steps associated with health. It helps to understand the issue of knowledge about the structure of the endometrium.

The mucous membrane consists of a basic substance, a glandular layer of connective tissue (stroma) and numerous blood vessels. Around the 5th day of the cycle, when proliferation begins, the structure of each of the components is modified. All period lasts for about 2 weeks and divided into 3 phases: early, middle, late. Each of the stages of proliferation manifests itself in different ways and takes time. The correct sequence is considered the norm. If at least one of the phases is missing or observed failure in its flow, the likelihood of the development of pathologies in the shell inside the uterus is very high.

Early

The early stage of proliferation - a 1-7 day cycle. Mucous lining of the womb during this period is gradually changed and has the following structural changes of tissues:

• endometrial epithelial lined cylindrical layer;
• direct blood vessels;
• glands dense, thin, straight;
• cell nuclei have a saturated red color and an oval shape;
• stroma oblong, spindle-shaped.
• Endometrial thickness in the early phase poliferativnoy - 2-3 mm.

Central

The middle stage endometrial proliferative type is the shortest, usually 8-10 days of the menstrual cycle. The shape of the uterus changes, noticeable changes occur in the shape and structure of the other elements of the mucosa:

• the epithelial layer is lined cylindrical form cells;
• pale nucleus;
• gland elongated and bent;
• loose connective tissue structure;
• endometrial thickness continues to rise and reaches 6.7 mm.

late

At 11-14 day cycle (late stage), the cells inside the vagina and increased in volume swell. Significant changes are taking place with the mother shell:

• High epithelial layer and multilayer;
• glands elongated portion and has a corrugated shape;
• vascular grid winding;
• cell nuclei grow in size and have a rounded shape;
• Endometrial thickness in late proliferative phase reaches 9-13 mm.

All of these stages are closely related to the phase of secretion, and must comply with performance standards.

The causes of endometrial cancer

uterine cancer belongs to the most dangerous diseases of proliferative period. In the early stages of this type of the disease is asymptomatic. To the first signs of disease are abundant mucus. Over time, there are features such as abdominal pain, uterine bleeding with endometrial fragments, frequent urination, weakness.

The incidence of cancer increases with the advent of anovulatory cycles typical of the age of 45 years. In premenopausal ovaries also secrete follicles, but they rarely ripen. Ovulation occurs, respectively, the corpus luteum is formed. This leads to a hormonal imbalance - the most common cause of cancer.

At-risk women who have not had pregnancy and childbirth, as well as identified obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic and endocrine disorders. Underlying diseases, the body triggers cancer genitals are polyps in the uterus, endometrial hyperplasia, fibroids, polycystic ovarian disease.

The diagnosis of cancer complicates the state of the uterine wall in cancerous lesions. The endometrium becomes friable, the fibers are arranged in different directions, weakened muscle tissue. uterine boundaries are blurred, visible polypoid growths.

Regardless of the stage of the pathological process, endometrial cancer is detected by ultrasound. To determine the presence of metastasis and tumor localization, resort to hysteroscopy. In addition, women are advised to undergo biopsy, X-rays and pass a series of tests (urine, blood, hemostasis research).

Timely diagnosis makes it possible to confirm or exclude the growth of a tumor, its nature, size, type and extent of spread to adjacent organs.

disease therapy

Treatment of cancer pathology uterine body appointed individually, depending on the stage and form of the disease, as well as the age and general condition of the woman.

Conservative therapy is used only in the initial stages. Women of reproductive age with diagnosed disease of 1-2-th stage is carried out hormonal therapy. During the course of treatment need to be tested regularly. Since doctors track the status cell nuclei, changes in the endometrium structure and dynamics of the disease.

The most effective method is considered removal of the uterus (partial or complete). To eliminate abnormal cells isolated after surgery is assigned a course of radiation or chemical therapy. In cases of rapid growth of the endometrium, and the rapid increase of cancer, doctors removed the reproductive organ, ovaries and appendages.

With early diagnosis and prompt treatment of any of the therapeutic methods give positive results and increases the chances of recovery.