What is the secretory endometrium

Endometrium covers the entire inside of the uterus mucosa and is characterized by the structure. It is updated monthly and performs several important functions. Secretory endometrium has numerous blood vessels which supply blood to the uterus body.

The structure and purpose of the endometrium

Endometrium in its structure is basal and functional. The first layer remains almost unchanged, and the second functional layer regenerates during menstruation. If a woman's body no pathological processes, its thickness is 1-1.5 centimeters. The functional layer endometrial changes regularly. These processes are related to the fact that when a menses in the uterus delaminate individual wall portions.

Damage to appear during labor, with mechanical abortion or diagnostic sampling of material for histology.

endometrium performs particularly important role in a woman's body and helps successful pregnancy. Its walls attached fruit. By the embryo receives nutrients and oxygen necessary for life. Due to the mucous layer of the endometrium of the uterus wall opposite do not stick together.

menstrual cycle in women

In the female body changes occur every month to help create the optimal conditions for conception and childbearing. Between them has a name - the menstrual cycle. On average, its duration is 20-30 days. beginning of the cycle - the first day of menstruation. Endometrium with the updated and cleaned.

If, during the menstrual cycle in women observed deviation, it is evidence of serious irregularities in the body. The cycle is divided into several phases:

• proliferation;
• secretion;
• menstruation.

Under proliferation processes imply multiplication and division of cells, which promote proliferation of internal body tissues. During the proliferation of the endometrium in the uterus mucosa start dividing normal cells. Such changes can take place during menstruation or have pathological origin.

Duration proliferation is on average up to two weeks. In a woman's body begins to rapidly increase estrogen, which produces already matured follicle. This phase can be divided into early, middle and late stages. At the early stage (5-7 days), in the uterine endometrial cavity surface is covered with epithelial cells which have a cylindrical shape. Thus artery blood remain unchanged.

Average step (day 8-10) is characterized ustilaniem plane mucosal epithelial cells which have a prismatic form. Gland different light serpentine shape, and the core has a less intense shade, it grows in size. In the uterus there is a huge number of cells that have arisen as a result of the division. Stroma becomes edematous and quite loose.

Late stage (days 11-15) is characterized by a single layer of epithelium, which has a plurality of rows. Iron becomes winding and core are arranged at different levels. Some cells contain small vacuoles, which contain glycogen. Vessels differ winding form the nucleus of cells gradually acquire a rounded shape and greatly increasing in size. Strom gets poured.

Secretory endometrium of the uterus types can be divided into several stages:

• early (15-18 days of the menstrual cycle);
• medium (20-23 days, expressed secretion occurs in the body);
• later (24-27 days in the uterus is gradually fading secretion).

Menstrual phase can be divided into several periods:

1. Desquamation. This phase takes place from 28 to 2 days of the menstrual cycle and occurs in the case where there was no fertilization in the uterine cavity.
2. Regeneration. This phase lasts from the third to the fourth day. It starts before the complete separation of the functional layer of the endometrium, together with the beginning of the growth of epithelial cells.

normal structure

Hysteroscopy helps the doctor inspect the uterine cavity, to make an estimate glands structure of new blood vessels and determine the thickness of the cell layer of the endometrium.

If you carry out research in different phases of the menstrual cycle, the survey results will be different. For example, the end of the period, proliferation of basal layer begins to increase, so does not react to any hormonal effects. At the beginning of the cycle period of the internal mucous uterus has a pinkish hue, smooth surface and small areas are not completely separate the functional layer.

In the next stage in a woman's body begins to increase the proliferative endometrium type that is associated with cell division. Blood vessels in the folds and are arranged occur as a result of uneven thickening of the endometrium layer. If a woman's body there are no pathological changes, the functional layer must be completely torn away.

form deviations

Any variation in thickness of the endometrium result from functional reasons or pathological changes. Functional disorders occur in the early stages of pregnancy or a week after fertilization. The uterus gradually thickens child seat.

Pathological processes are the result of chaotic dividing healthy cells which form soft tissue excess. In this case, tumors and tumor malignancy are formed in the body of the uterus. These changes are most likely to occur as a result of hormonal failure in endometrial hyperplasia. Hyperplasia is of several forms.

1. Glandular. In this case totally absent a clear distinction between the basal and the functional layer. The number of glands increases.
2. Glandulocystica form. A certain portion glands cyst forms.
3. Alopecia. In the uterus the epithelium tissue begin to grow and form numerous polyps.
4. Atypical. The woman's body structure changes of the endometrium and structure reduces the number of connecting cells.

uterine endometrium secretory type appears in the second phase of the menstrual cycle when conception it helps fetal egg to attach to the uterine wall.

secretory type

During most of the menstrual endometrium dies, but it is reduced the occurrence of menses by dividing cells. After five days, the endometrium structure is updated and is sufficiently thin. Uterine Endometrium secretory type has an early and late phase. He has the ability to grow and with the onset of menses increases several times. In the first stage inner shell is covered with a cylindrical uterine epithelium low, which has a tubular gland. In the second cycle the uterine endometrium secretory type covered by a thick epithelial layer. Iron in it begin to lengthen and acquire a wavy shape.

Under the secretory endometrium form modifies its original shape and significantly increases in size. mucosal saccular structure becomes manifest glandular cells through which mucus released. For secretory endometrium characteristic dense and smooth surface having a basal layer. However, he does not show activity. Secretory endometrium type coincides with the period of the formation and further development of follicles.

The stromal cells gradually accumulates glycogen, but a certain part of them is transformed into decidual cells. At the end of the corpus luteum involyutsionirovat begins, the operation is terminated progesterone. In the secretory phase of the endometrium may develop glandular and glandular-cystic hyperplasia.

Causes of glandular-cystic hyperplasia

Glandular-cystic hyperplasia occurs in women of all ages. In most cases, the formation of type occur in the secretory endometrium during hormonal changes.

To congenital causes glandular-cystic hyperplasia include:

• inherited genetic abnormalities;
• hormonal failure during puberty in adolescents.

By the acquired pathologies include:

• hormonal problems of dependence - is endometriosis and breast;
• inflammation of the genitals;
• infectious diseases in the pelvic organs;
• gynecological manipulations;
• scraping or abortion;
• disturbances in the proper operation of the endocrine system;
• overweight;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• arterial hypertension;
• oppressed liver function, breast and adrenals.

If the family of the women diagnosed with glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, the other girls need a special care of their health. It is important to regularly come for a check to the gynecologist, who will be able in time to identify possible deviations or pathological disorders in the uterus.

Clinical manifestations

Cystic glandular hyperplasia, which is produced in the secretory endometrium, is shown by the following symptoms.

• Menstrual irregularities. Spotting between menstrual periods.
• Allocation is not abundant, but with bloody dense clumps. During long-term blood loss anemia can occur in patients.
• Pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen.
• Lack of ovulation.

Pathological changes can be determined at the next routine inspection at the gynecologist. Glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the secretory endometrium does not resolve on their own, so it is important time to seek help from a qualified physician. Only after a comprehensive diagnosis of specialist will be able to appoint a therapeutic treatment.

methods of diagnosis

Diagnose cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium secretory possible by means of the following diagnostic methods.

• Diagnostic examination by a gynecologist.
• Analysis of patient history, and identification of hereditary factors.
• Ultrasound examination of the uterus and pelvic organs. a sensor is inserted into the uterus through which the doctor examines and measures the uterine endometrium secretory type. And also it checks to see if polyps, cysts or nodules. However, ultrasound does not provide the most accurate results, so patients are assigned and other methods of examination.
• Hysteroscopy. Such a survey conducted special medical optical apparatus. At the time of diagnosis do differential scraping secretory endometrium. The resulting sample is sent for histological examination, which will determine the presence of pathological processes and the type of hyperplasia. This procedure should be carried out before the onset of menstruation. The results obtained are the most informative, so gynecologists will be able to make a correct and accurate diagnosis. With the help of hysteroscopy can not only determine the pathology, but also perform a surgery patient.
• Aspiration biopsy. During a pelvic examination, the doctor makes a scraping secretory endometrium. The resulting material is sent to histology.
• Histological examination. This method of diagnosis determines the morphology of the diagnosis and the type of hyperplasia.
• Laboratory studies on the levels of hormones in the body. If necessary, hormonal disorders are tested in the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands.

Only after a thorough and comprehensive examination the doctor can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the effective treatment. Gynecologist individually select medications and exact dosage.