Pathological climax: the duration and treatment

Menopause is a natural stage of age in the life of every woman. Despite the fact that menopause is a natural process, which is provided by nature, often in this period there are pathological symptoms that require prompt correction.

What is menopause

The term "climax" in Greek means "ladder". Thus, steps symbolize different age stages of the female body, the transition period from the flowering to a gradual fading. Many women equate menopause with old age, but in reality it is not quite true.

Menopause - is a process of gradual extinction of female reproductive function. Menopausal changes directly concern reducing the synthesis of sex hormones. However, due to the fact that the produced hormones affect the entire female body, there are a variety of disorders of the internal organs and systems.

Menopause is not an instantaneous process. This is a long period, which takes quite a long time. For several years, a woman's body adapts to functioning in new conditions.

Menopause involves several steps that have different lengths.

1. Premenopausal. As a rule, in premenopausal women observe the first changes that indicate a decrease in hormonal ovarian function. First of all, the changes affect menstrual function. Periods may vary scarcity or profusion, cycle length also varies. Since premenopausal menstruation stored and marked spontaneous ovulation, pregnancy theoretically possible. The duration of pre-menopause is different and is approximately four to five years.
2. Menopause. Gynecologists called the menopausal stage of the most short-lived. Menopause literally includes the last menstrual period and the year thereafter. Twelve months later it is necessary to confirm menopause. In order to determine this stage, you must complete absence of menstruation and bleeding for a year after the last menstrual period. Pregnancy at this stage is no longer possible.
3. Postmenopause. This is the longest period of menopause that occurs before 65-69 years, after which old age begins. Because sexual hormones are not synthesized by the ovaries, may cause many pathological symptoms.

Extinction of the reproductive function is to halt the synthesis of sex hormones by the ovaries. Of particular importance are estrogens, which not only provide reproductive function, but also have a direct impact on the entire body of women:

• promote absorption of calcium and phosphorus in bones;
• provide elasticity of the skin, health and beauty of hair, nails, female body type;
• influence the metabolic processes;
• regulate the activity of the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract.

Extinction hormonal function can be divided into two stages:

• the functioning of the female body with a sharp deficit of sex hormones;
• internal organs and systems in the absence of synthesis of ovarian hormones.

Thus, the first signs of menopause appear in premenopausal women. disorders symptomatology is not expressed, since the hormone synthesis proceeds. Then, picking up abnormal symptoms because ovarian estrogen production ceases. However, the synthesis of estrogens nonferrous structures continues. The higher the production of sex hormones, the less severe pathological symptoms of hormonal deficiency.

On the severity of pathological symptoms affect the individual characteristics of women. It is known that menopause may be:

• saline;
• early;
• late.

Normally, the early and late menopause due to genetic predisposition and can occur in 3-5% of healthy women. Physiological menopause occurs in about 45 years, however, this age is sufficient.

Sometimes early menopause due to a syndrome of POF. In this situation, there is the rapid extinction of reproductive function in the operation of a young body that is caused by a kind of shock. As a result, there are numerous signs that the benefit of pathological climax.

Late menopause often indicates a pathological course. This is due to the fact that many of the reproductive system tumors are hormone-dependent character. This is why women with late onset of menopause should undergo a thorough examination and to exclude pathological causes.

Typically, menopause occurs without pathological symptoms in healthy women. While the presence of various diseases such as gynecological and extragenital commonly observed pathological course.

Thus, menopause can be:

• saline;
• pathological.

The pathological course of menopause symptoms were observed, impaired general condition of the woman and a significantly reduced ability to work.

The most serious complications include:

• vasomotor disturbances;
• menstrual dysfunction.

Typically pathological menopause involves climacteric or menopausal syndrome. If dominated by neuro-psychiatric disorders, say the climacteric neurosis. Pathological menopause include menopausal syndrome and dysfunctional uterine bleeding nature.

The symptoms of pathological course of menopause observed in 15% of women with normal menstrual cycles. 42% of representatives of marked cycle disorders. In 35% of cases of pathological signs observed after menopause.

Causes

Development of menopause inherent nature. This is a fairly lengthy process that takes place in every woman differently. Vary considerably and timing of menopause onset.

At birth, the girls observed about 3 million eggs. Before the onset of menopause with a total of about ten thousand. When ovulation occurs a slight loss of eggs. A significant part of the egg undergoes adhesion.

Estrogens are synthesized by follicular unit. During the menstrual cycle, in its first phase, under the influence of sex hormones starts growth of multiple follicles. This mechanism is required for the synthesis of hormones. As a result, it remains the most viable follicle that at the end of the first phase comprises a mature egg. When ovulation follicular envelope is broken out mature egg. If fertilization does not take place within two days the egg dies. In place of follicle formed yellow cystic body produces progesterone. Yellow body dissipated shortly before the onset of menstruation.

Estrogens play a huge role in the functioning of the female body. It is noteworthy that the estrogens in the tissues have the ability to samoprevrascheniyu. For example, estradiol can be converted to oestrone.

After menopause remain isolated follicles, which will soon also disappear. The ovaries decrease in size.

At menopause there is a decrease of estrogen synthesis. Hormone system reacts to these changes by producing a considerable amount of FSH. Nevertheless, the level of estrogen continues to decline, which causes frustration on the part of the various systems of the body.

On average, menopause occurs at 45 years. But perhaps his appearance as forty, and after 55 years, that does not always speak about the disease. A significant percentage of women have a pathological course of menopause, which is accompanied by severe symptoms until hospitalization.

The appearance of pathological menopause is associated with the following factors.

1. The sharp decline in the level of sex hormones. Menopause occurs more easily if there is a smooth decrease in the production of sex hormones. Typically, a sharp decline in estrogen synthesis occurs in the syndrome of POF. The most difficult runs this pathological condition in the form of an all-out when there is a complete lack of follicles.
2. Unfavorable heredity. There is a possibility of a pathological climax, if next of kin have been cases of severe occurrence of menopause.
3. Early or late onset of menopause. The best time is considered menopause age 45-47. the risk of developing pathological menopause increases with early or late onset of menopause.
4. Gynecological diseases in history. Cycle disorders, complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth, many operations can become factors of abnormal menopause.
5. Obesity. Excess weight is a factor in the development of many diseases, including pathological climax.
6. Extragenital diseases. As risk factors are considered endocrine and cardiovascular disorders, harmful working conditions.
7. Spaying or damage to the follicular unit. In these cases, there is an abrupt cessation of synthesizing sex hormones, which causes shock the body as organs and systems do not have time to adapt their functioning.

Forms and symptoms

Climacteric syndrome appears as a result of reducing the adaptive capacity due to prolonged exposure to various negative factors. The clinical picture may be significantly different in different women.

Pathological course of menopause is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• flushing (98%);
• irritability and nervousness (92%);
• headache (82%);
• sweating (74%);
• insomnia (70%);
• chills (33%);
• joint pain (30%)
• dizziness and tinnitus (29%);
• depression (9%);
• itching of the genital organs (4%).

Pathological menopause occurs in three forms:

• light;
• average;
• heavy.

Severe course observed in chronic diseases in history. Light version is noted in women with hormone gradual fading of ovarian function.

It is noteworthy that women with uterine myoma increased synthesis of sex hormones is maintained up to 55 years. Pathological symptoms are rare and celebrated shortly before the cessation of menstruation due to estrogenic activity. Vegetative disorders, neurotic character is usually not expressed.

When lung during menopause the woman's condition is satisfactory overall. Hot flashes may be infrequent or absent. In such cases, it may cause other symptoms. The severity of pathological menopause determined not tides, and aggregate the various manifestations.

In severe pathological changes of menopause occurs serious neuro-vegetative nature, accompanied by:

• a significant number of hot flashes, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders;
• general weakness;
• insomnia;
• decrease in efficiency;
• the development of the typical neurosis.

Some experts distinguish three groups of disorders:

• Neuropsychiatric disorders: insomnia and irritability;
• cardiovascular disorders: hypertension, sweating, headache, flushing, vomiting;
• malfunction of the endocrine organs: the thyroid gland, adrenal glands.

There are three variants of the pathological course of the climacteric syndrome.

1. A typical uncomplicated. It occurs in otherwise healthy patients. Slight symptoms are observed in the first and in the second phase of menopause.
2. Is complicated. Progressing against various cardiovascular pathologies. For example, women with hypertension, menopausal syndrome is more pronounced and occurs twice as often.
3. Atypical. Menopause occurs on the background of the underlying disease.

Relatively climacteric neurosis, identified two different groups of manifestations:

• neuro-vasomotor;
• neurotic.

Sometimes under pathological menopause can be masked by various diseases such as hypertension. In general somatic pathology burden during menopause, leading to the appearance of atypical forms. After menopause may deteriorate latently occurring disease.

Gynecologists isolated symptoms according to the period of their occurrence.

1. Rannevremennye. There are vasomotor disturbances that are associated with sweating, hypertension, flushing, palpitations. Often marked emotional and vegetative symptoms, such as inattention, forgetfulness, decreased sex drive.
2. Time average. Usually develop signs of urogenital disorders, such as frequent urination, genital itching, urinary incontinence. The menopause is marked dry and brittle nails, hair, skin laxity.
3. Pozdnevremennye. In the first place on prevalence are metabolic disorders. Often, there are arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease.

Hot flashes and excessive sweating

This pathological symptom occurs as a result of vascular disorders. Observed blood to the head and upper body of the short-term vasodilatation. Hot flashes are accompanied by reddening of the skin of the neck, chest and face. The body temperature of individual sections. Hot flashes may be accompanied by sweating, tinnitus and vertigo. Usually, hot flashes occur in premenopausal and menopausal.

It is noteworthy that sweating can be observed is not due to the tides. The appearance of excessive sweating may facilitate excitement or tension. Sometimes vascular disorders are expressed in the form of a fever. Marked pressure peaks, palpitations, heart pain.

Headache

The menopause often develop headaches. In particular, a high probability of occurrence of headaches after a bout of hot flashes. Often, headaches and dizziness is accompanied by hypertension. In such cases, the pain is localized in the occipital part. Severe headaches and migraines sometimes causing loss of consciousness.

Bleeding and disorders of the genitourinary system

Bleeding indicate the presence of pathological manifestations of menopause. In premenopausal women observed acyclic bleeding. After menopause, such bleeding are called "metrorrhagia". Bleeding not only indicate a hormonal imbalance, but also can indicate the presence of tumors, such as uterine cancer.

After menopause there is atrophy of the vaginal mucosa and the bladder sphincter weakening. This leads to a feeling of vaginal dryness, frequent urination. The quality of the cervical mucus changes. In combination with atrophic processes, this factor often leads to inflammatory processes, such as cystitis and urethritis.

Tachycardia

Reduced estrogen production a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Disruptions in the functioning of the cardiovascular system are manifested by tachycardia. vascular tone decreases, microcracks are formed in them, which are cholesterol accumulation place. This factor is even more exacerbated during pathological climax. There is the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke.

Breast pathology and hypothyroidism

Thyroid and mammary glands respond to hormonal fluctuations. In particular, the fall in estrogen levels provokes the development of diseases such as breast and cancer. Often in pathological menopause hypothyroidism occurs, manifesting a lack of thyroid hormone. The symptoms of thyroid disease include:

• trembling of the hands;
• sweating;
• palpitations;
• irritability.

Mammary cancer It is in first place on prevalence in women. In this connection, after 45 years, all women should regularly perform mammograms.

Obesity

Often as a result of hormonal changes and poor nutrition woman begins to gain weight. Overweight and obesity contribute to exacerbate the pathological menopause contributes to the development of pathologies of the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system.

Osteoporosis

At deficiency of estrogen synthesis and termination observed leaching of calcium from bones. As a result, bone density decreases. Ignoring preparations containing calcium, osteoporosis gradually develops. Risk of osteoporosis is that it progresses without symptoms until the first fracture. The most dangerous complication of osteoporosis is the risk of hip fracture.

Depression

At menopause, occurs pathologically, women have been emotional instability. Marked irritability, tearfulness. Many women are likely to develop depression, which exacerbates pathological climax.

Diagnostics

Definition of menopause is not a difficult task. According to the symptoms we can conclude the pathological course of menopause. A woman passes a survey that shows the complications arising. Particular attention should be given to possible development of tumors of the reproductive sphere, which often is hormone-dependent character.

Inspection usually includes:

• examination by experts of different specialties depending on the patient's complaints;
• urine and blood samples, including hormones;
• ECG;
• Pelvic ultrasound;
• mammography;
• DEXA to exclude osteoporosis.

The volume of the survey varies depending on the clinical picture. assigned appropriate treatment, if necessary.

therapies

Despite the fact that menopause is not a disease, it is sometimes the symptoms are so pronounced that doctors had to resort to treatment. Elimination of symptoms include drug therapy and hormonal nature, physiotherapy techniques. In order to eliminate the painful manifestations must be mindful of the need to respect the work and recreation, physical activity, sleep the full and timely hygienic procedures to help eliminate itching.

of drugs

Widely prescribed sedatives, which reduce the inhibitory processes in the brain and normalize autonomic function. In the early stages of pathological menopause have a good effect:

• valerian;
• bromides;
• Corvalol;
• Intravenous injection of novocaine on glucose.

If pathological menopause combined with hypertension, doctors prescribe and hydrochlorothiazide, reserpine, chlorpromazine, frenolon, triftazin and trankvizatory. In atypical form of treatment is given after consultation neuropsychiatry.

Eliminate pathological manifestations of menopause hormones help, in particular, on the basis of estrogens. Contraindication for reception of drugs in this group are tumors that are often hormone-dependent character. Most gynecologists believe that treatment should include a small dose of hormones and is held short duration courses. Prolonged estrogen reception hormonal drugs can lead to the development of proliferative processes in tissues.

In some cases, the inability to use estrogen, patients can be assigned to androgens. Direct indication for reception can be called androgens uterine bleeding, menopausal syndrome, the recovery period after surgery. When using androgens should limit intake of salt, since it contributes to fluid retention.

Androgens can cause hirsutism, increased libido, clitoral hypertrophy. This group of drugs are contraindicated in patients with arterial hypertension.

Estrogens and androgens differ pronounced side effects in their long-term use. For the treatment of pathological climax efficient use of combined hormone therapy. With simultaneous application of hormones neutralized side effects. There are different dosage scheme, which are used by physicians in various clinical situations.

Vitamins, homeopathy, folk remedies

Experts emphasize that with age, the need for vitamins increases. In this connection, in the combined treatment should include drugs with vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are applied courses. Vitamin supplements recommended by the doctor.

Often, the reception of hormonal drugs is contraindicated. This is due to the fact that many means of hormone replacement therapy has serious side effects. For example, hormones are usually contraindicated in hypertension. In such cases it is advisable the appointment of phytoestrogens. This plant analogs of female sex hormones. Phytoestrogens are slow, their therapeutic effect is less pronounced. Nevertheless, the use of phytoestrogens is almost not accompanied by side effects. Especially phytoestrogens can be used for a long time.

Many herbs have proven effective and have been recognized as official medicine. In alleviating the symptoms of menopause pathological following herbs can be used:

• mint;
• Melissa;
• valerian root;
• hawthorn;
• motherwort;
• chamomile.

You should not take herbs yourself. Their reception advisable to check with your doctor.

Physiotherapy

As part of the combination therapy may use methods of physical influence. In particularly useful self-massage, which is desirable to alternate with exercise. Physiotherapy includes the following methods:

• hydrotherapy;
• electric procedures, e.g., galvanic collar novocaine;
• cervicofacial ionogalvanizatsiya.

Should be considered, that the thermal treatments for tumors in pelvis contraindicated. Excluded mud treatments, massages, as well as exercises for voltage lower abdominal muscles.

Food

Diet is also a factor in treatment, which is given insufficient attention. With age, the need for food decreases due to the slowing of metabolic processes. In most cases, the cause of excess weight can be called an elementary overeating.

Obesity means that women consume more nutrients than it spends. Overweight - is not only a cosmetic problem. In women, obesity increases the risk of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases.

Meals should be varied. Preference should be given low-fat meats, dairy, and vegetable soups. Very useful cod, corn and sunflower meat.

Milk and dairy products are also important in the diet. Intolerance to milk you can drink kefir or yogurt, cottage cheese, especially low-fat. Should limit foods that contain carbohydrates, such as sugar, bakery products.

Intake of necessary substances is provided at the expense of fruit and vegetables. They contain acids regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, fruits and vegetables withdrawal of excess fluid from the body and nitrogenous wastes.

It should be remembered that the dinner should be light. Dining is recommended no later than two hours before bedtime.

preventive measures

Prevention pathological menopause involves the following points.

1. Right attitude to what is happening in the body changes. You should not worry and get nervous, it is important to know how to relieve stress and find yourself a hobby for everyone.
2. Active lifestyle. Physical culture is a means of prevention of stagnation, excess weight. In addition, physical activity improves mood.
3. Balanced diet. It should eat little but often. It is necessary to pay close attention to diet, choosing only natural healthy products.
4. Refusal of spirits and smoking. Very useful to replace the strong tea and coffee for herbal teas.
5. Adherence to work and leisure. Healthy sleep provides recovery of the body and is a method of preventing various diseases and emotional instability background.
6. Regular inspection. After the age of menopause is very important to keep control of their health in order to detect the disease in time and start their treatment.

Wellbeing woman depends on her own. Respect for basic prevention measures will prevent the development of pathological symptoms, which often occur during menopause.