Treatment of squamous metaplasia of the cervix

Reproductive system - it is a vulnerable part of the female body. Hormonal changes, past infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as the influence of environmental factors - all of which can trigger the development of pathologies.

One of the most common gynecological diseases is cervical squamous metaplasia. The entire risk is that the untimely treatment of such a condition can develop into a malignant tumor.

The structure of the cervix

Cervix - a lower portion of the reproductive organ, which directly connects the uterus and vagina. It represents a hollow cylinder, whose length is in the normal state is about 4 cm. Between the vagina and the cervix has outer mouth, which connects the two cavities and represents the entrance to the cervical canal.

As for the structure of the tissue of the neck, it is composed of connective tissue, which is capable of strong tension, and muscle fibers. The outer area of ​​the neck, which is usually a gynecologist and examined during the inspection, lined by squamous epithelium multi-layer type. In the external os area it meets the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal and this section is called the transition zone. It is here that show metaplastic cells, which can regenerate and give rise to the malignant process. But in most cases metaplasia in the transition zone is considered the norm.

Structure and cervical structure It depends on the woman's age, menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Cervical channel extending within the neck, glandular epithelium lined cylindrical type. Its cells having a cylindrical shape, arranged in one layer. The border between the flat and the glandular epithelium changes with age and hormonal women.

The concept of squamous metaplasia

In the normal state between the flat and cylindrical epithelium there is a clear boundary, and a fabric never replaced by another. When any violations might occur uncontrolled cell division, they will change their properties, resulting in the substitution can occur tissues. This pathological process is called squamous metaplasia of the cervix.

Most often, this process covers areas of erosion, inflammation or infectious lesions. The greatest danger is metaplasia, accompanied by cornification cells originating in the cavity and the cervix.

Squamous metaplasia extremely important to timely diagnosis and treatment of disease. Otherwise there is a high risk of developing malignant tumors.

species

In a detailed examination can be accurately set the shape of cervical metaplasia. All them have identified two:

• immature - rather complicated clinical case in which the degree of differentiation of cells is low, but there is a high risk of acquiring a malignant tumor tissue properties;
• squamous shape - in the epithelium shows no change, however, the location and displacement in the region of the cervical canal speak about serious changes in the structure of the cervix
• metaplasia, combined with dyskaryosis - the most mature form in which cells acquire a certain form and the structure, the main difference of the epithelium of healthy deemed unnatural and uncontrolled division nuclei.

Determination of forms of pathology plays an important role in the selection of further treatment strategy.

The combination with ectopia

In gynecological practice is not uncommon blend of ectopia with metaplasia. This process benign nature, which is characterized by the substitution of a single-layer type epithelial tissue that lines the inside of the cervical canal, in a multilayer. This happens precisely at the expense of squamous metaplasia.

The most common cause of this condition is a dysfunction of the hormonal system, in particular, the excess products or estrogen intake. Wrong and uncontrolled use of oral contraceptives is also a cause of the development of metaplasia, combined with ectopia.

In the absence of proper treatment process may worsen tissue replacement and will strong tissue inflammation, reduction of local immunity, and possible infection of the genital tract.

Causes of

Atypical substitution of one type to another in the cervix may occur for two main reasons:

• infection by human papilloma virus, herpes viruses, CMV;
• bacterial infection - toxoplasma, chlamydia, gonococcus, ureaplasma.

In both cases, penetration of foreign microorganism occur in epithelial tissues, deformity nuclei and strong disturbances of cell division processes. As a result, and there is squamous metaplasia of the cervix. In addition, bacteria and viruses cause inflammation of the tissue, which in turn exacerbates the process of replacement tissue.

An important role in the pathogenesis of squamous metaplasia plays and predisposition of the patient. Bad habits, difficult environmental conditions, stress, urinary system diseases in the chronic form, abortion and gynecological operational intervention, as well as the frequent change of sexual partners - all this weakens the overall immunity of the body and can lead to the development of pathologies, including metaplasia.

Diagnosis and treatment of opportunity

As mentioned earlier, metaplasia diagnosis - is one of the most important steps. As the lack of timely treatment can lead to the development of malignant tumors.

The first thing a woman should regularly about 1-2 times a year to visit the gynecologist. In addition to visual inspection and assessment of the state of the external genitalia, the doctor takes a swab on the cytological and histological studies. The studies verified the presence of infection or inflammation.

If you suspect that an atypical division or replacement of tissue the patient additional laboratory and instrumental investigations may be assigned. Including:

• biopsy followed by microscopic examination - estimated structure and the structure of cells and their arrangement relative to each other, any deviations detected during cell division;
• examination using a colposcope - This method allows visualization of the inner cavity of the cervix, note any change in its shape, size and structure;
• curettage cavity - is used in extreme cases when squamous metaplasia was struck by a large area of ​​the cervix.

After collecting all necessary data on the patient's condition, form and stage of disease, the doctor decides on the most effective and safe treatment.

In the early stages of development of squamous metaplasia of the most commonly prescribed conservative treatment. Upon detection of human papilloma virus or herpes antiviral drugs are written, in the presence of bacterial cells - antibacterial broad-spectrum drugs. As additional resources can be assigned to vitamin and mineral supplements, and medications to improve immunity and elimination of inflammation.

When running pathology stages performed surgery. uterine conical portion may be removed from the modified cells, endocervical curettage conducted and moxibustion infected cervical regions a laser or an electric current.

Prediction and prevention

For the prevention of all gynecological diseases, including squamous metaplasia, it is important to eliminate all possible precipitating factors and to adhere to the following points:

• personal hygiene;
• eliminate the frequent change of sexual partners;
• timely visit the gynecologist for annual preventive check-ups;
• to get rid of alcohol intake and smoking;
• make your diet complete and balanced;
• minimize the impact of adverse environmental factors.

Squamous metaplasia - a pathological process of benign nature, occurring in the cervix. However, the lack of diagnostic measures and timely treatment can worsen the situation and cause the development of tumors of malignant nature.