What is an endometrial biopsy

Problems with the endometrium in women are very common. They do not allow to conceive and bear children, and in advanced cases simply interfere with life - cause pain, bleeding, menstrual disorders.

What is an endometrial biopsy

Endometrium - a mucous layer lining the inside of the uterus.

Biopsy - a medical procedure during which the produce of the fence body tissue for further histological examination.

Thus, we understand that Endometrial biopsy - is a method of sampling the mucosal tissue of the uterine cavity for its further study and the results.

methods of

Today, make a few options biopsy.

• Scraping the uterine cavity with the expansion of the cervical canal - the oldest and traumatic method of sampling material. Such a study is done using special surgical instruments. First, open the cervical canal, then produce its scraping cavity and uterine cavity special curette. This operation is carried out more often under general anesthesia.
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• Zug-scraping - a more gentle compared to curettage, endometrial biopsy method. The special tool is carried out several movements (strokes) from the uterine fundus prior to its channel. Use such a study only in the absence of bleeding from the uterus.

• Fence material with an aspirator - a procedure in which no physical effect on the endometrium of the uterus "suck" in a special device. This method does not use a suspected cancers and tumors. The results may be erroneous.
• Douching - a rare method of biopsy, during which the endometrium is washed jet special solution.

• Paypel biopsy - the safest and most modern method of endometrial biopsy. During the procedure, using a special flexible tube with a piston (paypel), which is injected into the uterus and using negative pressure in the cylinder collect the endometrium. The result of this procedure leaves the endometrium of the uterus wall, and is sucked into the tube. The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to immerse the patient in a drug-induced sleep, and also thanks to a very small diameter paypelya, do not need to make an extension of the cervical channel. All this excludes the possibility of complications after surgery minimizes recovery time and does not cause any discomfort in women.

Paypel method is not used in all public institutions, although this is a less invasive and cheaper method of sampling the uterine material.

In some cases, it shows how

Endometrial biopsy is prescribed women of any age, if it is certain indications. In this case, features such as the presence or absence of parity and the onset of physiological menopause, are not a contraindication for the study and did not affect the results.

Endometrial biopsies doWhen:

• there is suspicion of tumors in the uterus or cervix;
• a preliminary diagnosis: adenomyosis or endometriosis;
• allocating scarce blood during menstruation;
• disruptions of the menstrual cycle;
• amenorrhea - absence of menstrual periods;
• bleeding from the uterus of unknown nature;
• in preparation for in vitro fertilization to determine the quality of endometrial layer and more accurate prediction of the attachment of the ovum;
• after abortion, miscarriage, missed abortion;
• in case of problems with child bearing;
• infertility.

On what day of the cycle right conduct

Endometrium - is a tissue of the uterus, the thickness of which depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle and the amount of sex hormones.

The result of the biopsy directly depends on the cycle of the day, which was carried out taking the material for analysis.

The appointment of the day of the biopsy and the results depend on the purposes of the study:

• at insufficiency of the luteal phase and cycles without ovulation (anovulatory), to identify the causes of infertility biopsy is prescribed in the first day of month or just before their beginning;
• when the length of the menstrual cycle and at least 21 suspected polimenoreyu, a study carried out on 5-10 day cycle;
• uterine bleeding of unknown character, metrorrhagia, endometrium examined at the first or second day from the beginning of abnormal bleeding;
• In identifying hormonal abnormalities, a biopsy is usually prescribed by a train, every eight days during one cycle (up to four per month);
• for monitoring of hormonal treatment, endometrial biopsy, to obtain the most accurate results, is administered in the middle of the cycle (17-25 days from the beginning of menstruation);
• for the detection of malignant tumors and endometrial cancer day cycle in the biopsy does not matter.

Contraindications

Biopsy - not vitally necessary research, although the results will undoubtedly play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Here is a list of contraindications when endometrial biopsy can be carried out only after consultation with the relevant experts or require replacement procedures more gentle study:

• inflammatory and infectious diseases of the urogenital system;
• severe anemia;
• allergic reactions to drugs of local and general anesthesia;
• receiving anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, when the termination of their reception is impossible;
• problems with blood clotting.

Endometrial biopsies never do during pregnancy. The results of this study, the women in an interesting position will be invalid and will lead to the manipulation of threatened abortion or miscarriage.

results

Biopsies taken lecture by examining tissue under a microscope. Such a conclusion is always composed of four parts.

• Informativeness of the sample taken. Taken to the study sample may be informative (suitable for further study) or uninformative (when the study results, taken by biopsy of the tissue may not be received).
• Description macroscopic sample - weight, fragment size, color, consistency, presence of thrombi and blood clots, mucus.
• Description microscopic sample - the type of epithelial tissue, its size, number of layers, the stroma (base), the shape and size of the cell structure, the number of fibers coupling a quantity of fluid and nutrients description shape and structure of the uterine glands glands lumen, the presence or absence of signs of inflammation (lymphoid clusters).
• Diagnosis - indicates which phase of the cycle corresponds to the endometrium, the presence or absence of polyps, hyperplasia, atrophy tissue and the description of its structure, the presence or absence of atypia (precancerous lesions) and the malignant cells in the endometrium.

Biopsy after an abortion, curettage due to fading of pregnancy or miscarriage:

• The microscopic description edema or degenerative changes in the chorion can be described (indicating missed abortion or incomplete abortion).
• The presence of chorionic villi in the diagnosis indicates an interrupted pregnancy.
• Degeneration or vascular epithelial villus sampling in the diagnosis indicates that the fruit originally received less nutrients that could provoke his death.

Results of a biopsy of the endometrium when in custody is written: "The normal endometrium in the phase of ..." - talk about good result of the study (absence of polyps, tissue growths, tumors and other violations). It is worth paying attention to only match the phase of the menstrual cycle on the day of the study phase of the cycle and in the conclusion (proliferation, secretion, menstruation). The discrepancy between the results and the day of the cycle may indicate hormonal disorders in the body.

The results of the biopsy of the endometrium is to decipher the doctor-gynecologist. If necessary, the doctor immediately prescribe the necessary treatment, corresponding to the identified problem or, with good results, offer to come to the scheduled scan after a while.