What is the mucinous adenocarcinoma

Cancers are the second largest in the world among the causes of death, behind cardiovascular disease. The defeat of the female genital organs is given a significant place in the clinical oncologist. Education and uterine cervix is ​​easier to diagnose than the growths of the ovaries due to greater accessibility in manual pelvic examination.

Over the last decade there is a tendency to increase in incidence. Of particular importance is the definition of the cellular composition of the tumor. In that case, if the detected mucinous adenocarcinoma, it is important to understand that pathology represented by high and srednedifferentsirovannymi elements. The tumor has a low degree of malignancy and generally has a relatively favorable prognosis.

classification of tumors

uterine body Kantser represented by several types depending on location of primary atypical elements. Adenocarcinoma is formed from the glands of the inner layer of the uterus - the endometrium.

Biopsy followed by histology - an integral part of the diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Adenocarcinoma has several subtypes, which differ in morphological structure. WHO adopted a common classification of tumors based on histological examination of cell composition.

1. endometrioid type - the most common, less aggressive. Weather favorable for life with proper and timely treatment.
2. mucinous adenocarcinoma represented by cells with increased content of mucin secretion. With this factor is associated pathology name. In most cases, the prognosis is favorable.
3. Serous papillary tumor highly aggressive, not associated with increased concentrations of female sex hormones. Common in women of older age groups. Detection prevails in the later stages.
4. clear cell - rarely occurring form, for high grade disease. It often metastasizes to the top floor of the abdominal cavity and the lungs.
5. squamous - similar to a similar disease of the neck, it requires the exclusion of defeat this area.
6. mixed - it includes several different types of cancers.
7. undifferentiated. Alternatively, when the tissue to determine membership is not possible, a high percentage of atypia.

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is about 80% among tumors originating from the inner layer of the uterus. Favorable for disease, five-year survival rate ranges from 90%. Remains a rare form of cancer: mucinous and clear cell adenocarcinoma are responsible for much of the development of relapse.

Mucinous restructuring occurs primarily in the neck. Observed in older women with inflammatory pathologies of the body portion in the anamnesis. Cellular composition differs little from the same pathology of uterine body. Pathomorphology difficult to distinguish what part of the body of the disease there is primary. Localization not fundamentally affect the tactics of treatment, prognosis and course of disease are similar.

risk factors, clinical manifestations

Mucinous adenocarcinoma - hormone-dependent tumor. The body of the uterus is an organ-target for the sex steroids. Malfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system causes a change in hormone regulation, cell proliferation is increased as a result. Over time comes meta mucinous neoplasia and tissue formed nodular tumor type, with fuzzy boundaries. Reliable causes of cancer are unknown. However, there are factors that predispose to the appearance of mucinous adenocarcinoma.

1. Hormonal failure: violation of the regularity of menstruation, anovulatory cycles, infertility, excess androgen or estrogen.
2. Lack of sexual life, pregnancy, birth.
3. Early menarche, late menopause.
4. Treatment of hormonal drugs, particularly tamoxifen.
5. Endocrine diseases - diabetes, obesity.
6. Genetic predisposition.
7. Endometriosis.
8. The presence of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, precancerous conditions of the body and cervix in history.

The fair sex may not be aware of the presence of disease for quite some time. In some cases, mucinous adenocarcinoma asymptomatic. The occurrence and extent of the complaints did not correlate with the severity and prevalence of the disease. For the first time forced to go to the doctor the following symptoms:

• uterine bleeding outside the cycle of reproductive age;
• bloody appearance daub in menopause;
• discharge, resembling "meat slops";
• abdominal pain in the lower back;
• appearance leucorrhea with unpleasant odor;
• painful intercourse.

The appearance of symptoms is usually observed when the tumor reached a certain size. Like other cancer pathology, adenocarcinoma development stage 4 passes. At the initial stage of the cancer cells affect only the body of the uterus. Started treatment has the best result. In the final stage it is detected distant metastasis. Therapy is palliative, aimed at reducing the suffering of patients.

histological features

Mucinous adenocarcinoma is rare against the overall incidence Kantser genitals. The structure is similar to tumor rearrangement mucinous ovarian and cervical outer shell - endocervix. Malignancy converts normal cells into something like a cubic intestinal epithelium. The structure of the fabric is distorted: adenocarcinoma extended cytoplasm is filled with mucinous secretions and depleted of glycogen. Nevertheless, bedding and the cells are defined clearly - the high degree of differentiation.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized low degree of atypia, mitotic activity is also low. To determine the origin Kantser before you want to exclude the presence of endocervical education.

special diagnostics

In addition to histology, there immunohistochemical study aimed at the establishment of the tumor antigen. Thanks to the method established the presence of hormone receptors, enzymes, determined by the presence of malignant cells in various tissues and organs, the degree of differentiation is largely determined by treatment strategy. Mucinous adenocarcinoma during method shows reactivity to vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

Forecast

Adverse prognostic factors affecting the outcome and course of the disease:

• age of the patient;
• presence of penetration hearth mucinous adenocarcinoma in the subject tissue;
• high resolution neoplasm;
• degree of cellular differentiation elements;
• It defeats the whole body, including the cervix;
• the presence of metastases in the adjacent organs, the peritoneum;
• colonization of the lymph nodes;
• Low percentage of receptors to hormones.

Overall, the forecast mucinous adenocarcinoma is different from the endometrioid type of tumor. The earlier the diagnosis and treatment is started, the better five-year survival rate and quality of life. However, the likelihood of recurrence and metastatic mucinous forms is quite high.

Treatment

The main goal of treatment: eliminate the hotbed of the disease. Performed surgical removal of the tumor. Most often, women performed a hysterectomy - the uterus with appendages excision. In the case of dissemination of malignant cells expanded performed extirpation, when besides the above, the lymph nodes are removed, parauterine fiber, the gland portion.

Since the second stage of disease, it is recommended to add chemo- and radiotherapy. In some cases, when the patient is contraindicated surgery, adjuvant methods are the only ones.

mucinous adenocarcinoma not respond well to radiation therapy. Therefore, such a treatment is given rarely.

Mucinous adekonartsinoma - rarely occurring form of cancer of the uterus. The tumor is highly differentiated. Prediction of survival relatively good, especially in the initial stages. Yet education is often recurs, responds poorly to radiation treatment. As with other cancer sites, the survival rate significantly increases when diagnosing tumor in Figures 1A and 1B step without regional metastasis and germination.