Cervical dysplasia grade 2

For cervical dysplasia of the uterus include changes in the vaginal area of ​​the epithelium structure. The basis of cervical pathology are atypical proliferation or proliferation, metaplasia, epithelial cells, violation of their rejection, and maturation.

It should be understood that the cervical dysplasia refers to precancerous processes. That is why this pathology deserves attention from both patients and professionals.

Dysplasia can develop because of erosion. These pathological states have a certain similarity, which relates to diagnostic methods and therapeutic tactics. However, under dysplasia and erosion imply completely different pathological processes. Erosion is the result of epithelial damage or displacement of cylindrical cells. When dysplasia is a violation cell structure which, in the absence of treatment can lead to malignant cervical tumors.

Erosion is not accompanied by cellular atypia.

Gynecologists point out that dysplasia is detected in representatives of different ages. Pathology can affect both the very young girls and elderly women. Often it is diagnosed in the reproductive cycle of female patients who are aged from 24 to 35 years.

Many women are interested in how pregnancy affects the appearance and development of dysplasia. It has been established that pregnancy can not prevent the emergence or development of atypia processes. Nevertheless, the majority of patients on the background of pregnancy marks a regression or stable disease.

Experts emphasize that 1 and 2, the degree of dysplasia usually has no clinical manifestations. This particular way facilitates the identification of pathological states in advanced degree. Atypia is often discovered by chance during a standard pelvic exam.

Dysplasia can be accompanied by many other gynecological diseases, such as inflammatory disorders. If the disease is detected at an early level, it is completely curable. If the detection of atypia occurred when the pathology has progressed to the last degree, the treatment can only be surgical plan.

Timely detection of adequate treatment in accordance with the degree of the pathological condition, regular monitoring allows to prevent the development of cancer. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer should be promptly see a doctor and be screened.

Causes of

The cervix has an important function. This is the lower part of the body of the muscle, by which the message of the uterus and vagina. The cervical structure of two components can be distinguished:

• supravaginal part;
• vaginal area.

Supravaginal portion located above the vagina and is available for inspection gynecologist. Vaginal lower area is located in the vagina. It is this portion of the cervix is ​​investigated when viewed in the mirror.

Cervical dysplasia develops in the vaginal visible portion of the cervix.

Inside cervical determined cervix, upper part of which is called the inner-end wrenches, and the bottom - outer. The inner surface of the cervical canal is lined with cylindrical cells which are disposed in a single row. Furthermore, in the cervical canal gland function actively producing protective mucus. The secret prevents the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in sterile uterine cavity.

In contrast to the lining of the cervix, squamous epithelium, covering the vaginal portion of the cervix, it is multilayered.

1. Deep basal layer comprising young cells, which are continuously evolving and divided. Cells are characterized by having a large nucleus. As they rise cell development in the more superficial layers, undergoing changes.
2. The intermediate layer cells become flatter and their core diminishes in size. The process of forming gradually terminated.
3. The surface layer contains mature cells that contribute to the renewal tissues.

Disorders relating to change of cell division and maturation of cells in the basal layer, leading to an imbalance. This process is called dysplasia. Cells acquire large size, lose the right shape. The number of nuclei therein may also increase. Such elements are dangerous because over time they can become aggressive in growth and reproduction. With their strong growth in the neighboring tissue malignancy observed. In this connection, dysplasia refers to precancerous pathology.

The presence of atypia is not talking about cancer. Furthermore, dysplasia 1 and 2 degrees may regress. However, due to the danger of a pathological process, it should be to diagnose, treat and monitor.

Responding to a question, that is the main cause of the disease, we should mention HPV. In more than 90% of women with dysplasia detected HPV oncogenic. Predisposing factor is the herpes virus.

In healthy representatives of HPV alone eliminated from the body by the immune system during the year. In the long there is a risk of dysplasia, for example, 2 degrees.

The following factors, combined with HPV may predispose to the development of dysplasia:

• early sexual relations and childbirth;
• smoking is both active and passive;
• disorders of the immune system;
• gynecological inflammatory disease occurring in the chronic form;
• hormonal imbalance;
• genital infections;
• cervical epithelium multiple trauma during birth, abortion, curettage;
• deficiency of certain vitamins;
• multiple sexual partners;
• genetic predisposition;
• a long period of use of COCs.

A feature of dysplasia It is that it can both pass itself, and progress to malignancy. As a background to the development of the pathology considered ectopy, ectropion, leukoplakia and erosion.

Clinical picture and diagnostics

Pathology affects the vaginal portion of the cervix. Dysplasia often develops in the area of ​​so-called transformation, which is a connection point of the flat and columnar epithelium. This area was originally susceptible to various negative influences.

The clinical picture for dysplasia grade 2 is uncommon. In the presence of HPV can be formed warts. If accompanied by an inflammatory process can be observed:

• abnormal discharge;
• discomfort of the genital organs;
• pain in the lower abdomen.

Hormonal imbalance, which may also be present at a dysplasia, causes bleeding and cycle disorders. In this case, you should consult a specialist to find out the cause of violations.

at severe degree of dysplasia there may be pronounced signs and coleitis or cervicitis. Dysplasia during pregnancy is uncommon. In some cases, pregnancy can be a positive influence on the course of the pathological process.

Early detection of disease is only possible with regular checkups that detect dysplasia 1 and 2 degrees.

Suspect the presence of dysplasia can be during a routine inspection of the cervix gynecologist. The doctor draws attention to the changes in the mucous vaginal part of the cervix, which relate to color, spots and tuberosity of the epithelium.

To deliver or deny the diagnosis of "dysplasia", it is necessary to pass inspection.

• Smear on onkotsitologiyu is the easiest and quite informative method of research. This analysis, which involves sampling of material from the different areas of the cervix is ​​recommended for all women every six months. Cytological diagnosis detects the presence of inflammation and abnormal cells.
• Colposcopy is assigned when detecting abnormal cells in cytology or, if necessary, a detailed assessment of cervical mucus. Colposcopy is done through a special device called a colposcope. Gynecological device multiplies the image, allowing you to examine in detail the epithelium. In identifying suspicious area is held expanded version of the procedure during which the cervix is ​​processed by a solution of iodine or acetic acid. According to information received colposcopic picture of the doctor concludes that there is pathology. The appearance of white patches after treatment acetic says about HPV, while the lack of staining of the epithelium in brown after the application of iodine solution indicates atypical sites.
• A biopsy involves fence mucous sample for subsequent histological examination in the laboratory. This procedure is recommended for oncological alertness.
• PCR for HPV detection is binding analysis when determining dysplasia. In addition, the doctor prescribes a smear on flora and bakposev.

Biopsy and colposcopy undesirable conduct during pregnancy. However, if there is evidence of these research methods are required to perform.

Grade dysplasia and treatments

Pathological changes at dysplasia gradually cover the thickness of the epithelium. Depending on the prevalence of pathological process, there are three degrees of cervical dysplasia.

1. Dysplasia of the first degree is easy. The changes affect only one-third of the lower layer of the epithelium. At a given extent possible both regression and further progression of dysplasia.
2. Dysplasia second degree called tempered. Grade 2 dysplasia differs increasing number of atypical cells, which are arranged as the lower and the middle third of the epithelial tissue. Cervical dysplasia grade 2 may regress on their own.
3. A hard or third degree merged into one group with a non-invasive cervical cancer. Atypical elements occur throughout the thickness of the epithelium. However, their spread beyond the bottom of the basal layer of the surrounding blood vessels and muscles are not observed. At a given degree of division into layers is lost.

Dysplasia serious degree is diagnosed seldom enough. This is due to the introduction of modern methods of research, regular check-ups and timely treatment of precancerous lesions.

Treatment of cervical dysplasia depends directly on the detected level. The doctor takes into account the age and individual characteristics of the patient, her reproductive plans. Of considerable importance is the size and localization of the affected epithelium portion.

Cervical dysplasia is the first degree requires dynamic monitoring. The patient is also recommended treatment comorbidities background and inflammatory nature. The advisability of vitamins, prebiotics, enzymes, and other means. Therapy is aimed at the further recovery of the epithelium and the normalization of metabolic processes.

Only in a small number of cases the degree of early progress to the second and third. The need for surgical treatment occurs in the absence of regression of dysplasia of 1 degree, especially in combination with HPV. In some cases the treatment of cervical section of potent substances that cause a burn. This method is applicable, if the dysplasia of the first degree is combined with the pseudo.

Treatment of cervical dysplasia grade 2 involves surgery. Many patients are interested in how to treat cervical dysplasia 2 degrees. Initially, the physician must verify the absence of a malignant tumor. Then, after survey conducted assigned cervical conization portion following procedures:

• elektropetlya;
• excision laser scalpel;
• radiowave excision using the apparatus "Surgitron".

Nulliparous girls also operate conization procedure, since the second degree of dysplasia is a severe diagnosis. Complications may occur at conception and the narrowing fusion of the cervical canal. In such cases a probing or laser excision of adhesions. Following the recanalization pregnancy occurs. In the process of carrying conization consequences affect the ability of the cervix to keep the pressure of the fetus. The woman is under the constant supervision of doctors in the case of the installation of CIN pessary and medicated continuation of the pregnancy.

In identifying serious degree as shown cone-shaped excision of the cervix. Sometimes a third degree or initial form of cervical cancer require removal of all of the cervix under a general anesthetic. In the case of early treatment for severe degree and the initial stage of cervical cancer prognosis.