How to treat cervical dysplasia

Gynecological examination often reveals the background and precancerous cervical disease. One of the most frequently diagnosed pre-cancerous cervical condition being treated surgically, is dysplasia. Following the discovery of the disease in patients the question arises, how to treat cervical dysplasia.

In the development of dysplasia occurring cellular changes in the vaginal part of the cervix. These pathological changes affect differentiation, rejection, maturation of cell elements.

Cervical dysplasia is a danger to health and life of the woman. In the absence of the necessary diagnosis and treatment of precancerous this condition can be transformed to a malignant cervical tumor. However, with early detection, the pathology can be successfully treated.

Some women confuse dysplasia and erosion. In fact, cervical pathology have similar external signs. Erosion as dysplasia treated surgically. However, it is necessary to differentiate the status data, as they have a different etiology and pathogenesis. The basis of erosion damage is cervical epithelium unchanged from the tissue structure. While the cellular changes that lead to the appearance of cervical cancer observed in dysplasia. Erosion can create a background to the development of cancer, however, this happens very rarely.

The prevalence of dysplasia in women of different age groups is quite high. However, the research revealed that the most common disease found and treated by representatives of reproductive age. Dysplasia develops mainly in women from 25 to 35 years.

Dysplasia progression contributes no symptoms as such. Only in advanced degree may appear pain, bleeding. Early degree of pathology is not accompanied by symptoms. Caused symptoms may indicate the presence of other diseases.

Despite the certain danger of dysplasia, an abnormal condition is considered to be completely reversible if treated promptly and correctly. In case of late grade dysplasia treated only by surgery.

Degree with dysplasia

Changes characteristic of the disease occur in the cervix. This is a peculiar muscular tube between the uterine body and vagina. The cervix contains two sections.

• Supravaginal separated is invisible to the examination region.
• Vaginal part explores gynecologist at survey.

The cervix is ​​the cervical canal that connects the vagina and muscular body. Channel differs anatomically narrow and has a protective function. Its upper part opens the cervical canal into the uterine cavity, forming the internal os and the bottom - in the vagina, forming the outer mouth.

Inside the cervical canal is lined with a single row of cylindrical cells. It is through this epithelium surface has a reddish hue, and some creaminess. Glands located in the cervical canal, produce mucus that prevents the penetration of unwanted microflora of the vagina into the uterus.

cervical vaginal portion is the localization of various pathological conditions, including dysplasia that should be treated. The epithelium of the art comprises a flat cells arranged in multiple layers. That is why the epithelium of the cervical vaginal area is defined as a flat multi-layered.

There are three layers forming the vaginal epithelium of the cervix.

• Basal. Characterized by a deep layer of developing young cells. Each cell has a single large nucleus and a rounded shape. Climbing to higher layers, the cells undergo natural changes. Basal layer borders on nerves, muscles and blood vessels.
• Intermediate. At this stage, the cells complete their development, gradually flattening. Changes observed in the size of the nucleus in the direction of its reduction.
• Surface. This functional layer comprising old cells mature. Due to their ability to exfoliate, are updated epithelium.

In case of violation of the physiological cell maturation observed dysplasia. Thus, the cellular elements lose their shape. The number of cores in a single cell is increased by several times. These elements are able to actively share, disrupting the functioning of the reproductive system.

With the ability to active growth and infiltration into adjacent tissue cells there is a malignant tumor development. That is why dysplasia should be monitored and treated promptly.

Depending on the propagation lesions secrete several degrees of dysplasia.

1. Lung lesion differs for the lower part of the epithelium.
2. Moderate progression is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal cells in the middle part of the mucosa.
3. A hard degree coincides with the non-invasive classification of cancer. There are signs of a malignant process, which does not spread to other tissues. Defeat affects the whole thickness of the epithelium. The division into layers is lost.

The extent of disease determines the way in which treated atypia. Gynecologists stress that severe course detected infrequently. This is due to the regularity of the examination and early detection of signs of atypia.

Causes and symptoms of dysplasia

Before treating atypia, it is necessary to determine the cause and triggers. In 95% of cases of illness due to occurrence of HPV. The virus is transmitted sexually and under the influence of adverse factors causing cellular changes.

In most cases papillomavirus disappears from the body within a year after infection. However, in low immune system of the virus promotes cell atypia.

HPV has more than hundreds of subtypes. And only some of them are considered High risk, that is, able to provoke the emergence of cancer.

Dysplasia develops and treated in a small percentage of cases. Its appearance is associated with a combination of HPV and certain unfavorable factors:

• genital infections, in particular herpes;
• genital inflammation;
• early childbirth and sex life;
• having multiple parity;
• hectic sexual relations;
• identified member of the cancer in a sexual partner;
• poor hygiene sexual partner, which causes the accumulation of smegma under the foreskin, are carcinogenic;
• passive or active smoking;
• poor environmental conditions;
• Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals with the food;
• immune, hormonal imbalance;
• long uncontrolled reception of COCs;
• heredity;
• injuries of the cervical epithelium surgical procedures, such as abortion;
• pseudo, warts, leukoplakia.

Experts point out that before to treat a precancerous condition, it is necessary to eliminate the triggers. The forecast in the presence of dysplasia characterized by uncertainty. Atypia can either regress or progress.

As a result of studies, it was found that the rate of occurrence of cancer is directly related to the degree of atypia. 1 degree before the cancer takes place an average of about five years. If the disease has an average severity, occurrence of cancer can be expected in three years. Less favorable prognosis is the last degree, as the cancer is detected in a year.

However, the progression of dysplasia is unpredictable. In 90% of cases, 1 degree of regress on their own and can not be cured. In the second and third-degree active component is substantially lower. In connection with the detection of atypia need to undergo dynamic testing. If there are indications, dysplasia treated by different tactics.

Treat pathology doctors often have to an advanced stage. The clinical picture of the development of cellular changes is no different expressions. Only regularly examining the gynecologist can be detected at an early degree of atypia and treat it more gentle methods.

It is known that dysplasia are often accompanied by various gynecological diseases, which cause the appearance of the characteristic symptoms:

• brown, yellow, mucous or purulent discharge and leukorrhea, sometimes with an unpleasant odor;
• discomfort in the genital area, such as redness, itching, burning;
• disorders related to the duration of the cycle;
• bleeding;
• pain in the pelvis.

If a woman observes these symptoms from time to time, you need to see a specialist and to exclude gynecological diseases. Late the degree of atypia may be accompanied by pulling sensation and pain in the lower abdomen.

Methods for diagnosis of dysplasia

Timely detection of pathology allows to treat it more effectively. Essential in the timely detection of disease have regular check-ups and screening methods.

Gynecological examination

For setting the appropriate diagnosis is necessary to perform instrumental and laboratory tests. However, to suspect the presence of a pathological condition can be a visual assessment of the mucosa. The doctor notes the change of color of mucous membrane, in particular its non-uniformity, the presence of stains, elevations and hilly mucosa. Cervical area can be determined by selection, evidence of disease. The physician visualizes lesions leukoplakia, erythroplakia, hyperemia that bleed when in contact with the tool.

cytological examination

During a pelvic exam every patient specialist takes smear on onkotsitologiyu allowing to identify or refute the presence of atypical cells. Smear performed a special brush. The specialist makes the fence material from the different areas of the mucous membrane, and then puts it on a special mirror. The sample is examined under a microscope in the laboratory directly after staining.

colposcopy

cervix through a colposcope inspection is recommended when detecting abnormal cells in a smear on onkotsitologiyu, as well as in the case of determining the visual symptoms epithelial lesions.

Inspection of the cervix called a colposcope is only a simple procedure to do this. Presence of lighting and magnifying system gynecological device allows you to see the mucous membrane in detail.

If necessary, you can spend an extended variety of studies. The cervix is ​​treated with acetic acid. If after treatment appear white areas, it tells of the defeat of HPV.

Quite often experts carry out sample Schiller. On the neck region of iodine solution is applied. Sites that remain bright, indicates the presence of atypia.

Biopsy

In case of abnormal mucosal sites, the gynecologist performs sampling of tissue samples for histological examination in the laboratory. The diagnostics can be performed by several tactics, for example, by means of special tongs.

A biopsy is performed only in cancer alertness. This procedure is not recommended for pregnant women.

PCR

Since the main cause is HPV dysplasia, the patient is recommended to perform analysis by PCR. This method makes it possible most accurately to establish the presence of dangerous strains, which can lead to atypia and cervical cancer. One of the modern methods of determining the presence of HPV is Digene test, which not only determines the range of HPV types, but the viral load. It is important to check the quality of care: by reducing the amount of virions in the material speak about the effectiveness of therapy.

If necessary, the doctor prescribes other research methods. In particular, the patient is usually recommended to perform a pelvic ultrasound, a smear on flora and bakposev.

Tactics of treatment of cervical dysplasia

Atypia is treated in several ways. As it is desirable to treat pathologies dependent on the prevalence of pathologic process. Before treating the illness, the doctor takes into account the age of the patient and her reproductive plans. Are essential concomitant disease.

medication

Dysplasia 1 degree should be treated in the absence of regression and long-term presence of HPV in the body. This is due to the fact that only in a small percentage of cases, the initial stage of atypia progresses in young girls. The patient is undergoing tests regularly. In the presence of the progression of dysplasia treated.

Background and infectious comorbidities require medical treatment:

• antibiotics;
• antiviral agents;
• anti-fungal creams and suppositories;
• immune modulators and stimulants;
• drugs, contributing to the restoration of microflora and mucosa.

Usually when the primary forms of atypia patient treated with immune-boosting drugs, probiotics.

Conventional means for drug treatment of dysplasia are drugs and interferon inducers, antiviral Panavir domestic and stimulants - Polioksidoniy, Roncoleukin.

cautery

When dysplasia first degree, especially when combined with erosion, often used different tactics sparing cauterization, which can be treated dysplasia.

1. Chemical coagulation comprises treating foci special substances causing burns.
2. Diathermocoagulation cauterization by means of electric current.
3. Cryodestruction means of the mucous liquid nitrogen.
4. Vaporization uses a laser beam to correct the defect.
5. Radiowave treatment is carried out with the help of apparatus "Surgitron".

Data tactics treated only initial stage atypia. Concomitant antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment is considered mandatory.

Surgery

In severe lesions of the epithelium (2nd and 3rd degree) must be treated by surgery. Treat dysplasia possible by two main tactics:

• conization;
• amputation.

The photodynamic therapy is used as an additional method. This method is relevant for step 3 and preinvasive cancer. The woman is administered intravenously or is applied to the photosensitizing drug to the cervix, which is absorbed by atypical cells. Next, a portion of the irradiation of tissues and cells die dysplasia.

Treat cone biopsy is excised cervical portion of a cone. Dysplasia treated with different tactics conization, e.g., by elektropetli. The most effective method is considered cone biopsy using laser or radio waves. After this treatment significantly reduces the likelihood of scarring, which is important for nulliparous women. Before the implementation of the intervention is necessary to treat the inflammatory process in its detection.

If there are any signs of malignancy, the pathology treated by amputation of the cervix. Treat a radical way must be under general anesthesia in a hospital.

Women planning pregnancy, it is desirable to treat dysplasia sparing tactics. After conization natural childbirth undesirable.

The recovery period is dependent on how the treatable dysplasia. On the complete healing may take up to two months. During this time, the patient should avoid strenuous exercise, to refuse sex life, visit the bath and the bath.

After any intervention may cause complications such as infection and long-term outcomes. Quite often there is a recurrence and scar tissue deformation, which leads to loss of elasticity of the cervix.