Endometrial rules on cycle days

Cyclic change the secretion of female hormones involves the conversion of the mucous layer of the uterus. Genital organ consists of three layers: the perimeter of the myometrium and endometrium. The latter, in turn, is divided into a basal (unchanged) and mucosal (subject to monthly renewal).

The endometrium of the uterus is penetrated by numerous blood vessels, in which there is an active blood circulation. They nourish the placenta and supporting growth of the embryo during pregnancy. During one cycle of a woman's uterus undergoes changes indicators such as the position, size, thickness of the endometrium. In carrying out ultrasound primary focus is on the height of the mucous layer. This feature can tell you about different issues and assess the chances of natural conception.

main phase

Determination of endometrial thickness can be compared with the days of the menstrual cycle. Compliance with indirect evidence of the woman's ability to bear children. Before the ultrasound diagnosis, the doctor is interested in, when the patient was last menstrual period. These data he needed for proper evaluation of the reproductive system.

Changing endometrial structure and its thickness due to the cyclical output of estrogen and progesterone. The mucosa during the month passes three main steps, each of which requires its standards for thickness:

• bleeding or initial phase - thickness of about half a centimeter;
• proliferative or average - thickness of not more than one centimeter;
• secretory or end - thickness 12 mm.

Within each of the three phases of the cycle It carried out the change in density and looseness of the endometrium.

Bleeding

Norma endometrium by day cycle standard for all women. Typically, these values ​​are not specified in the protocol of ultrasound as gynecologists know them by heart. The menstrual cycle of women always begins with bleeding. The first day of menstruation is taken as the first day of the cycle. Standard menstruation lasts from 3 to 7 days. If the bleeding lasts for a longer time, it becomes a sign of pathological changes of the endometrium. Menstrual or initial phase is divided in turn into two. Each has its generally accepted standards of mucus layer thickness:

1. desquamation (Rejection period, cycle day 1-2) - is characterized by a thickness of 5 to 9 mm.
2. Regeneration (Recovery or healing of the mucosa, 3-5 day cycle) - the thickness of the number of days and is 3-5 mm.

In not usually done bleeding time ultrasound diagnosis, as in this period is difficult to determine other parameters that characterize the functionality of the reproductive system.

Proliferation

Most standards indicative of endometrial thickness proliferation phase. This period starts with 5 days of the female cycle and continues until the ovulation. It should be understood that the body of every woman is different. In some patients, this period is 11 days, while the other 16. Can not strictly compare the thickness of the mucous layer of the uterus at the fairer sex (with short and long cycle), referring to the disease in one of them. On examination it is necessary to give a real individual assessment of each case. Proliferation phase, too, is divided into several stages, with a normal range:

1. early stage (Mucous buildup begins with 5 of the day) - the height of the layer varies from 5 to 7 mm.
2. Middle stage (Thickening and increased mucus buildup to 7 days) - Thickness 8 to 11 mm.
3. The final stage (Layer obtains a higher density from day 10), - the height at the beginning of this phase reaches 11-14 mm.

Pelvic ultrasound constituents women held 5 days. Together with the state genitals mucosal surface is evaluated work gonads - ovaries.

secretory phase

The period having the name secretory most important for evaluating rules Uterine Endometrial thickness on days cycle. It begins right after ovulation. Under the action of progesterone during two weeks conversion occurs mucosa. In this way, the genital organ of a woman getting ready to perform the main task - to take a fertilized egg. Endometrial structure varies according to the three steps of the secretory period:

1. Early (Starting from 15 days, and ends at 18), - and characterized by a slow increase in height and 1.6 mm.
2. Central (Continued from 18 to 24 days from the beginning of menstruation) - accompanied by a gain level of inner layer of the uterus reaching 1.8-2 mm.
3. late (Starts several days before the next menstruation) - at this stage, the inner surface undergoes inverse change begins to decrease, reaching to the top 1.2-1.4 cm of bleeding.

In the secretory phase in addition to the estimated height of the epithelium in the presence of ovarian corpus luteum. It is a sign held ovulation. If the corpus luteum is not found, it is likely that the cycle was anovulatory. In this case, the cardinal changes in the surface epithelium is observed.

menoschesis

Absence of menstrual bleeding in the designated period is known as delayed menstruation. This process may have physiological reasons (pregnancy) or pathological.

If you delay menstruation estimate the thickness of the endometrium and the comparison figures with the rules has become an important indicator of the patient's condition. The natural reason for the delay is pregnancy. Upon detection of the ovum in the uterus rate mucosal level is not less than 14 mm. Assess the place of attachment of the embryo, the shape of the ovum, the presence of the yolk sac, the chorion. Subsequently chorion converted and converted in the placenta, which localization is important in the aspect of availability previa.

If you delay menstruation found little uterine lining figures that do not meet the standards, the It is suspected hypoplasia, anovulation, or other pathologies, which can be confirmed by additional examinations.

Closer to 50 years there is a transformation of secretion of hormones and menopause occurs. At this time a woman loses the ability to bear children. The ovaries cease to function, and uterine mucous layer normally reduces its height. The standard rate of this level is 3-5 mm. So it remains without converting the future.

Aberration

If the ultrasound shows a mismatch accepted norms, there is a suspicion of hyperplasia or hypoplasia.

On a single ultrasound it is impossible to conclude that the pathological process. The patient should be evaluated several cycles in a row.

Endometrial hyperplasia becomes abnormal proliferation of the surface layer. At 5-7 day determined thickness greater than 10 mm, and the second phase - more than 15 mm. Also on this disease say when detected levels of mucus layer more than 5 mm during menopause.

endometrial hypoplasia hypoplasia called mucosa. Indicators found a woman at the beginning of the cycle, may be less than 3-4 mm. Often this condition is caused by inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appears infertility.

Hypoplasia and hyperplasia require mandatory treatment. In the first case it is, preferably, a hormonal drug, and, in the second - surgical. It is important to establish the cause of abnormality and eliminate it.