Cervical dysplasia is 1 degree

Malignant tumors of the cervix occupy a leading place in the structure of gynecological diseases. Annually recorded an increase in the number of diagnosed cases of cervical cancer. However, this abnormality can not be considered unexpected process since it leads to changes in the cervix, developing for a long time.

Malignant tumors of the cervix is ​​caused by a precancerous condition of the epithelium, which is called dysplasia. The term "dysplasia" refers to abnormal development of epithelial tissue. The medical sources often found another medical term - CIN, indicating the formation of intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical.

Experts differentiate between several stages of development of dysplasia, which are designated as a degree. Dysplasia of the first degree can help to prevent its progression and the appearance of cervical cancer.

To one degree of dysplasia passed into malignant tumors

s, it takes about five years. With an average grade dysplasia, this process takes an average of three years. If the treatment of dysplasia severe degree is not carried out, a year develop cervical cancer.

In cervical dysplasia in cervical epithelium thicker appear atypical cells, which are characterized by varying degrees of violation of their differentiation. The concept of "atypical cells" literally means presence in the cervical epithelium cells, some indicators differ from the healthy cell structures.

In order to reveal the mechanism of development of dysplasia, cervical need to consider the structure. Gynecologists point out that the cervix plays a significant role in the functioning of the reproductive system. The cervix is ​​the lowest part of the anatomically muscular organ, which due to their structure connects the body of the uterus and vagina.

The cervical structure distinguish its two parts:

• supravaginal located in the pelvis;
• vaginal available during gynecological examination.

Inside cervical localized channel, called cervical. Cervical canal opens into the uterine cavity inner throat, and vagina - outer.

The surface of the cervix to form unilamellar cylindrical cells. Vaginal portion of the cervix is ​​covered by stratified squamous epithelium views. The area where the two are joined various epithelial area called transformation. More than 90% of dysplasia develops in this area of ​​the cervix.

It is known that several layers of squamous epithelium formed in connection with which he is classified as a multi-layered.

1. The deepest layer is called a primary or basal. Due to the presence of the connective tissue, it is separated from the stroma, consisting of vessels, muscles and nerves. Cells in a given layer are young and have a rounded nucleus. These cells divide and mature, gradually flattening. Changes in the direction of decreasing occur with the kernel. Over time, the cells are raised in the more superficial layers.
2. The intermediate layer is characterized by further maturation flat cells.
3. The surface layer of the cells are considered old. They are able to exfoliate, thus contributing to the renewal of tissue.

Stratified squamous epithelium is significantly different from the cylindrical one-layer fabric. Cervical cells also contain glands actively producing protective mucus. It's a secret to protect the uterine cavity by casting harmful microflora.

Stage and grade

When dysplasia is very important to determine its extent. It is the degree of the disease prognosis depends on the treatment strategy. In general, the first degree of dysplasia have a favorable prognosis, since a complete cure occurs with appropriate treatment. Much worse prognosis in the last degree. Under running degree, usually involve non-invasive cancer, wherein the prognosis can vary considerably.

To determine the degree of dysplasia, and make the appropriate forecast, it is necessary to make a diagnosis under the microscope. According to the location of abnormal cells nature doctor makes conclusions about the stage, the degree of disease and makes the corresponding projection.

Gynecologists dysplasia identify several stages.

1. Cells with atypia occupy one third of the thickness of the epithelium.
2. Atypical elements found in a large part of the epithelium.
3. Virtually the entire epithelium struck atypical cells.

According to the severity of disease progression of cervical dysplasia is classified according to three degrees.

• CIN I. Cervical Dysplasia of 1 degree is the easiest and implies a favorable prognosis. Dysplasia first degree differs normal position both surface and intermediate layer.
• CIN II. Moderate considered relatively benign in terms of prognosis. Pathological changes cover a significant amount of the epithelium, more than one third of the total thickness.
• CIN III. The third stage relates to heavy flow pathology. In fact - this is a non-invasive cancer, since the changes affect almost the entire thickness of the epithelium. Cancer such pathology is characterized by the fact that the abnormal cells are located only in the epithelium, stroma but not germinate. If untreated, this degree of poor prognosis.

Dysplasia of the last degree, and with no signs of cancer invasion combined into one and the same group. This is due to the difficulty of their differentiation.

Over 50% of dysplasia are severe form, it worsens the prognosis. In women before menopause abnormal cells are found in the vaginal cervical department, while in older patients dysplasia affects the cervical canal.

Causes of

Modern scientific studies have shown that the main cause of cervical dysplasia is HPV, which includes hazardous in terms of cancer strains. Often with dysplasia, second and third degree, when the forecast is not so favorable, experts reveal the simultaneous progression of HPV.

However, HPV is not always provokes dysplasia. To develop a pathology, it is necessary the impact of negative factors, which include:

• weakening the body's defenses, which contributes to relapse papillomovirusnoy infection;
• hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, adolescence, abortion, at long reception of COCs;
• genetic predisposition;
• lack of treatment of inflammation caused by genital infections;
• the presence of genital warts;
• deviation on the results of smears on onkotsitologiyu;
• early sexual intercourse, preferably up to 16 years of age;
• regular change of sexual partners;
• multiple births, different severe course;
• Regular abortions carried out surgically;
• the presence of penile cancer in partner;
• failure to comply with the sexual partner of the rules of personal hygiene, as the accumulated smegma different carcinogenic;
• lack of certain vitamins and minerals;
• smoking is both active and passive.

In healthy representatives of HPV often leaves the body alone. More than half percent of cases of first-degree dysplasia regresses. In the second and third degree poorer prognosis.

Dysplasia is regularly diagnosed in pregnant women. In general, pregnancy has a positive influence on the course of disease. In most cases, varying degrees of dysplasia is not progressing and may disappear as the pregnancy and after childbirth.

methods of diagnosis

Identification of dysplasia is significant in terms of prognosis. The earlier detected pathology and treatment is started, the more favorable will be the prognosis for a full recovery.

Cervical dysplasia is not accompanied by a clinical picture. The patient did not complain of reproductive health as well as cervical changes occur at the cellular level.

In order not to miss the development of a dangerous disease, should promptly visit the gynecologist and perform screening tests. These studies should be done two times a year.

Detect illness at an early stage, you can use the following methods.

1. Pap smear diagnosis. The accuracy of the smear on onkotsitologiyu increases, when it comes to the degree of dysplasia running. Gynecologists say that cytology is one of the most simple and accessible method to determine the degree of illness early. In recent years, actively implemented liquid-based cytology, which increases the qualitative component analysis.
2. Colposcopy is a simple and an extended character. This study helps to assess the state of the lining of the cervix due to repeated increase colposcope image. When identifying pathological conditions can be used cervical treatment with special solutions, as well as a biopsy.
3. Histological examination of the tissue sample. A biopsy is performed at oncology alertness.
4. PCR. This method allows detection of HPV High risk strains causing early degree of dysplasia. One of the modern methods of research, which allows to define and HPV spectrum, and the viral load is the Digene test.

cervical changes that occur during pregnancyMay affect the diagnosis of dysplasia. Colposcopy is recommended for pregnant women in detecting abnormal cells in cytological smears. The biopsy is carried out in cases of suspected precancerous or cancerous process.

Treatment

Tactics of treatment depends on the degree of illness. degree is not recommended treatment for cervical dysplasia 1. This is due to the fact that this pathology has a good prognosis. Many experts dispute the need for treatment due to the fact that the pathology of early degree may regress on their own.

When the initial degree of dysplasia recommended dynamic observation. The patient undergoes regular cytology and colposcopy study. In identifying dysplasia progression recommended surgical removal of the hearth.

Drug treatment of cervical dysplasia first degree carried antiviral agents and immunomodulators. If a woman is assigned surgical treatment, drugs are used before and after degradation to suppress the propagation of HPV-grade. Traditionally used drugs and interferon inducers (Viferon, Genferon, TSikloferon, Isoprinosine, Kagocel) and Panavir. Please be aware that drug therapy lasts at least three months. If set to 1 degree of dysplasia or 2, cauterization is performed in different ways. In the case of 2 or 3 degrees (at the physician's discretion) operate conization.

Before the cautery, which is used in the framework removal dysplasia, it is necessary to eliminate the infectious factor. Conservative therapy is chosen taking into account the specific pathogen.

Moxibustion involves several techniques that are used for surgical exposure to tissue. In fact, only one of the existing tactics is a complete cauterization, while others are considered gentle impact methods.

Moxibustion is held in the first phase of the cycle after stopping bleeding. This period has a beneficial effect on the healing of tissue, as in the first phase of the cycle are actively produced hormones having regenerative properties. In addition, the implementation of manipulation at the beginning of the cycle does not adversely affect its duration.

A few days before the procedure is recommended to exclude sex, douching and local reception preparations. Moxibustion is performed during the normal reception at the doctor on a gynecological chair. Before the procedure, the doctor removes the cervix allocation using a tampon and conducts anesthesia.

In modern gynecology widely used these tactics cauterization.

diathermocoagulation

Applied using an electric current. During cauterization formed burn, scab or incrusting. After a few days the scab leaves and complete healing occurs within one to two months. Diathermocoagulation rather unpleasant and traumatic procedure, characterized by high efficiency. After cauterization current possible scar deformation of cervix tissue, joining infection, which negatively affects the subsequent pregnancy. Cervix loses elasticity and can rupture in pregnancy and childbirth. This procedure is prescribed exclusively parous patients.

cryolysis

As diathermocoagulation, used in gynecology to treat dysplasia of the initial degree for many years. The method is based on the freezing of tissues by means of liquid nitrogen. As a result of exposure cells were first crystallized and then destroyed. Among the drawbacks of the method can be called a surface effect, which implies efficiency techniques only at insignificant epithelial lesion, copious watery discharge after the procedure.

laser vaporization

It is an innovative non-contact method of cervical treatment. In the process of cauterization using a laser beam that cauterize abnormal tissue with a slight seizure of healthy tissue. Laser vaporization is effectively used to eliminate many gynecological pathologies. Method positive effect on the female body, in particular, the reproductive system.

Radio wave tactics

It involves the use of "Surgitron" apparatus during cauterization. In modern gynecology, this method of treatment is considered to be the most effective and gentle. By means of radio waves can be eliminated, coagulate and sterilize the pathological site. Contactless radio wave provides a relatively short period of rehabilitation and rapid restoration of the epithelium. Recurrences after cauterization radio waves almost never occur.

If dysplasia is running degree and a poor prognosisGynecologists carried tapered portion pathological excision.

Conization is performed via elektropetli: removed conical portion with the capture of healthy tissue. This method is used more often, since cauterization is fully exposed to the affected tissue destruction, and it is not possible to investigate them histologically. In the treatment of dysplasia, doctors prefer to use a radical approach because the statistical data on cervical cancer is not characterized by positive dynamics.