Ovarian tumors in women: symptoms, classification, diagnosis, treatment

Ovarian tumors are detected in a significant number of women with gynecological examinations. Their detection requires close attention on the part of the patient and the specialist.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer in women

Tumors and tumor-like formations of ovaries are often found in gynecological practice. The clinical picture does not depend on whether the tumor is benign or malignant phenomenon. Symptoms include:

• slight pain in the lower abdomen, usually unilateral localization;
• subjective feeling of heaviness;
• infertility;
• menstrual disorder;
• false urge to urinate;
• an increase in the size of the abdomen due to violations of bowel movements and flatulence.

The intensity characteristics increases with increasing size of the formation. The following symptoms may occur when hormone tumors:

• the disappearance of menstruation;
• enlargement of the clitoris size and mammary glands;
• acne;
• hirsutism;
• Cushing's syndrome.

The clinical picture of malignant seal means:

• exudate in the abdominal cavity;
• anemia;
• weakness;
• shortness of breath;
• symptoms of bowel obstruction.

In some formations possible torsion legs, which may be either partial or complete. Symptoms associated with the presence of blood vessels, nerves, broad uterine ligament pipe portion and peritoneum:

• unilateral pain of various intensities;
• nausea or vomiting;
• dysuria, abdominal distension;
• cold sweat and pallor;
• temperature rise.

Partial torsion differs unexpressed symptoms. ovarian cancer in women is common symptoms of menopause.

general characteristics

Ovarian tumor ICD - excessive growth of cellular elements of the tissues that are pathologically altered. True ovarian tumors are voluminous formation. There are also tumor growths. They occur due to accumulation of fluid in the ovary (retention).

Comment. In the structure of gynecological diseases benign tumor of the ovary is about 8%.

Gynecologists distinguish benign and malignant seal. However, this differentiation is considered conditional. Benign growths tend to move in the presence of malignant certain conditions.

Benign tumors of the ovaries

There separate sheath which limits swelling in women appendage from adjacent tissues. However, as the growth of such formations can lead to compression and disrupt the function of organs in close proximity.

Benign seals in their structure resemble healthy tissue. They are not prone to the emergence of metastases and does not destroy the ovaries. That is why after removal comes a full recovery.

Benign seals:

• occur at any age period;
• are the second most common;
• adversely affect the reproductive function;
• different risk of malignancy;
• It is difficult to classify.

Borderline ovarian tumors in women

Border education include the following varieties:

• mucinous or mucous membranes;
• serous;
• endometrioid;
• mixed;
• Brenner tumor.

After the removal of border varieties of possible relapse. Seals have a low degree of malignancy and were mostly found in young women (in the early stages). Infertility is detected in 30% of cases.

Malignant ovarian tumors

Tumors characterized by malignancy, do not have a shell. They are characterized by rapid growth, as well as the possibility of sprouting into adjacent tissue, causing damage. In addition, cancer can penetrate cellular elements in blood and lymph vessels and spread to other organs. Tumor growth leads to metastasis.

Histological structure different malignancies from benign. The different stages of division of malignant cells also expressed histologically. A feature of cancer structures is the lack of differentiation.

In the initial stages of malignant tumor cured completely. Sometimes there are ovarian tumors in girls.

Ovarian tumors: classification

There are several types of ovarian tumors, which may have a different outlook and a different treatment strategy.

Epithelial ovarian tumors

This type is the most common and accounts for about 70% of all ovarian formations. In 10-15% of cases there malignant transformation.

Benign ovarian neoplasm develops from stroma and epithelium (surface). It is usually characterized by one-sided localization and painless on palpation. Complications involve torsion legs, hemorrhage, capsule rupture, causing intense pain.

Sex cord stromal tumors

This species has a fetal etiology and pathogenesis. Diagnosis occurs during the ultrasound.

Tumors of the Sertoli and Leydig cells

New formation on the ovary in women is a rare species, and can be detected in representatives who are in different age groups.

germ cell tumors

The formation of this species include dermoid cysts and teratomas.

Ovarian tumor formation

Emit so-called tumor-like formations that develop in the ovaries:

• Follicular cysts. Typical for women in the reproductive cycle. The size of up to 10 cm. Follicular cyst is harmless, as it does not degenerate into malignant neoplasm. By cyst symptoms include irregular menstruation, bleeding. In most cases, a benign tumor formation independently regresses within a few cycles. Otherwise, possible torsion legs and subsequent surgery.
• Luteal cyst (corpus luteum). The volume of tumors can be 6 cm. Cysts vary in density, characterized by the presence of clots and partitions. The clinical picture includes a delay menstruation, breast engorgement. From complications isolated integrity violation cysts, for example in intimate proximity.
• Serous (simple) cyst. According to some experts, there is a possibility of rebirth education. Its size is 5-10 cm. The symptomatology is usually absent. Pathology revealed in the course of performing ultrasound.

Causes of cancer

The seal on the ovary in women is formed due to viral, genetic and hormonal factors. Some types of tumors arise from fetal abnormalities.

The risk group includes women with hormonal function, infertility, frequent infectious processes. Benign tumors are often associated with diabetes, thyroid abnormalities, HPV and herpes. Hormonal ovarian tumors requires specific therapy.

Diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Define tumors in the ovaries can be during a pelvic exam. Education can be both right-and left-sided localization.

Diagnosis is complemented by:

• ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• MRI and CT;
• assay for determining the level of tumor marker CA-125.

In some cases it may be required to perform laparoscopic and then performing a histological diagnosis.

Tumor of the ovary in women: treatment

There are some basic tactics of treatment, the choice of which depends on the seal species and size.

Surgical removal of ovarian tumors

Operation when the recommended size neoplasm than 6 cm. Detection of malignant forms are also an indication for surgical intervention.

Displacement of operation depends on whether benign or malignant. Cancerous growths removed during hysterectomy (uterus and appendages). It recommended laparotomy access.

Benign seal removed during laparoscopy. The expediency of intervention depends on the histological diagnosis results.

The volume of transactions in benign tumors in women in the reproductive cycle is minimal, due to the need to preserve the reproductive function. When cysts torsion legs operation has extra character.

Medication

Conservative treatment is possible with regard to cysts, in which there is a hormonal imbalance. Functional and luteal cysts are subject to observation. In the absence of regression performed surgery. If necessary operations complement hormone therapy (endometrioid tumors).

Conservative antibacterial treatment is required after surgery for removal of benign and malignant neoplasms. Drug treatment (chemotherapy) is carried out after surgery for malignant seals.

Treatment of ovarian tumor folk remedies

The use of traditional medicines is ineffective in the treatment of benign and malignant tumors. Some herbs have hormonal effects and may cause tumors growth. In connection with the use of folk remedies possible as supportive and preventive medicines after consulting a doctor. In the complex treatment applied upland uterus, red brush, yarrow.

Complications of ovarian tumors

Lack of treatment can lead to serious complications. Some eventually types of benign tumors are transformed into malignant. Major cause of education dizuricheskie disorders, flatulence, constipation due to compression of the bladder and bowel.

During intercourse and intense exercise torsion legs may occur, which is dangerous intraperitoneal bleeding. In such cases, immediate surgical intervention.

Prevention of ovarian tumors

Prevention of formation of benign and malignant tumors includes timely preventive examination, treatment of inflammatory diseases. Of considerable importance is the rejection of abortion, unjustified surgical procedures. The woman should follow the hormonal level and adhere to a monogamous sexual relations.

conclusion

Ovarian tumors are either benign or malignant. Treatment and prognosis depends on the species of seals, history of women.