Teratoma of the ovary: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and reviews

Ovarian teratoma - a tumor disease in 99% of cases the tumor is benign. Formed in the form of cysts containing a fetal tissues. In the initial stages of the disease is asymptomatic. When detecting teratoma assigned removal by surgery.

Classification

Depending on external characteristics and rate of proliferation of isolated mature and immature tumor. In the first case, education is considered to be benign. Immature species able to metastasize to nearby organs. Such education is a malignant and often has a poor prognosis.

Benign ovarian teratoma

Benign cysts developing a neoplasm with an elastic membrane, which thickness may vary. Tumor attached to the ovary via legs. At opening after removing the inside exhibit hair fragments, bones, teeth and skin. For benign neoplasms characterized by the presence of mature differentiated tissue.

Malignant teratoma of the ovary

In fact, the cancer develops from immature teratoma. The latter includes poorly differentiated tissues, which are derived germ layers. Such fabrics are peculiar to the embryo stage of organogenesis. Subsequently teratoblastoma may form - a malignant tumor composed of undifferentiated cells. Metastasis occurs by hematogenous and lymphogenous.

Immature teratoma of the ovary

By itself, the immature cyst is not cancerous. It consists of high-grade fabrics germ layers. Formation of light-gray color, has an uneven soft consistency. Located mainly on the front side of the uterus, can provoke partial hemorrhage and death of tissue.

Mature teratoma of the ovary

The mature teratoma not prone to the formation of metastases. It includes fragments of fat, muscle and bone. Depending on the structure of the tumor are distinguished:

• cystic, with an elastic shell and the liquid contents;
• solid, more dense in structure with a flat or bumpy topsheet.

The photo ovarian teratoma formation can distinguish leg by which it is attached to the body. In view of this structure is likely to twist the base, leading to a sharp pain and increases the probability of separation. Finding pathology, the doctor prescribes the removal of tumors.

Dimensions ovarian teratoma

cyst size may vary. Neoplasm of up to 5 cm is considered to be small and does not cause discomfort of the patient. Symptoms appear when the tumor reaches 10 cm or more. In this case, the displacement can occur nearby organs and tissue compression.

Important! In the early stages of the disease is asymptomatic, symptoms occur with an increase in tumors up to 10 cm or more.

Large size reaches immature teratoma, from which the cancer develops. It can grow up to 40 cm and form metastases in adjacent organs.

How fast growing teratoma of the ovary

Especially the development of teratomas - tumors on the ovary in women - is that it can be a long time to be in its infancy, and then increase dramatically. Are most at risk of occurrence of such tumors in girls and women aged 14 to 40 years. Tumor growth continues up to a certain size, and then stops.

The causes of ovarian teratoma

It has been suggested that the reason for the formation of cysts is a predisposition, laid on the development of the embryo stage. During sexual differentiation of tissues from which subsequently formed ovary not completely separated ectoderm. As a result, fragments of the germ layers remain in the organs.

Located in an undeveloped state of the tumor may not bother the patient. Its proliferation is influenced by external factors.

The causes of ovarian teratomas include:

1. Changes in hormonal levels in the body.
2. Mechanical effects on the organs located in the abdominal cavity.
3. Application substandard contraceptive preparations.

Pathology often starts to progress on the background of hormonal changes. Increase in education noted during puberty, pregnancy and menopause. However, the tumor does not affect the functioning of the hormone system.

Symptoms of ovarian teratoma

In the early stages of ovarian cyst - teratoma - makes itself felt. The patient shows symptoms only during the growth of the tumor or its transition to malignancy.

If you increase the following symptoms are observed in the sizes:

• a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen;
• violation of urination;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• a marked increase in the abdomen (typical for lean women);
• acute abdominal syndrome characterized by increased tone and abdominal pain.

Last symptom noted in the case of twisting neoplasms legs. The above complaints are typical of other benign tumors.

When immature cysts, which can transform into a malignant, the patient also feels severe fatigue, malaise, weight loss occurs.

Diagnostics

The presence of neoplasms doctor can detect when viewed by palpation. To get more information and apply other methods of diagnosis.

Among them:

1. Blood tests for tumor markers. Is taken to determine the nature of the tumor.
2. US. During the ultrasound the doctor detects hyperechoic inclusions indicative of ovarian teratoma. The method makes it possible to locate the education, its size, the contents of the structure.
3. X-ray. In the study in the ovary detected bone tissue, which indicates the presence of tumor and its fragments.
4. MR. It is used to refine the structure of tumors and metastases detection.
5. Laparoscopy. The patient takes a fragment of the contents of the cyst to the study. Assigned suspected malignancy.

In most cases, the right ovarian teratoma found during a routine visit to a gynecologist or for registration during pregnancy. Identify the tumor, the doctor prescribes diagnostics to clarify the nature of tumors.

Teratoma of the ovary: ICD-10

ovarian teratoma code in ICD-10 class of diseases of the genitourinary system (N00-N99). Noninflammatory disorders of female genital mutilation (N80- N98). Other and unspecified ovarian cysts (N83.2).

Treatment of ovarian teratoma

Upon detection of a tumor near the ovary doctor prescribes its removal by surgery. The method is applied both in mature and immature teratoma with. In the latter case, the patient will need to continue monitoring by a doctor.

Operation: Removal of ovarian teratomas

Removal of ovarian teratomas occurs surgically. Apply one of the following methods:

1. Laparoscopic enucleation. It allows you to remove a small tumor through punctures, not capturing the healthy tissue. The process is monitored by ultrasound.
2. Cystectomy. Removal of the tumor and adjacent tissue portion. It does not reduce the production of eggs.
3. Resection of the epididymis. Together with ovarian neoplasm removed portion. After surgery, the ability to form body ova is reduced.
4. Oophorectomy. Complete removal of the ovary. This method is used at a later stage of the disease.

If the surgery is performed in women after menopause, reproductive organs are removed completely.

Chemotherapy and radiation

When immature cyst was removed, in order to avoid patient metastases prescribe chemotherapy. 6 courses conducted with the use of anticancer medicines. The same approach is used when re-formation of cysts.

ovarian teratoma treatment of folk remedies

If an ultrasound visible teratoma of the ovary, the doctor prescribes the operation. The sooner it will be a surgery, the less likelihood of complications. Folk remedies for such diagnosis can only relieve symptoms.

Apply the following recipes:

• mumie - 3 g is mixed with a small volume of water and honey;
• Nettle - Fresh leaves are washed, crushed in a meat grinder.

These means are applied to the tampon and inserted into the vagina overnight. Before their use, always consult with your doctor.

possible complications

Because of the structural features of tumors is likely to twist his legs. Therefore, upon detection of the tumor it is recommended to immediately start treatment.

Immature teratoma often goes into a malignancy. In the short term it can turn into teratoblastomu capable of metastasis.

Forecast

Upon detection of a mature teratoma of the left ovary and its timely removal prognosis is usually favorable. In most cases it is possible to perform the operation without disrupting the reproductive functions of the body. The patient is important to undergo regular examination by a gynecologist, to prevent the development of disease.

Teratoma of the ovary and pregnancy

In itself, the tumor does not affect the hormonal and reproductive function of the body. The woman in this case may become pregnant and give birth to a child.

If the MRI confirms teratoma of the ovary, it is worth considering that this pathology complicates childbearing. This is especially true in cases of advanced disease, and tumor size more than 5 cm. With increasing size of the uterus increases pressure on nearby organs and tissues, including the cyst. As a consequence, increases the risk of twisting of the legs and the gap formation, which will require urgent surgical intervention.

If pathology has been discovered after pregnancy, require medical supervision. He may designate a cyst removal by laparoscopy. Minimally invasive technique allows to carry out surgery without harm to the fetus.

Ovarian teratoma - tumor disease of female genital mutilation. The vast majority of tumors are benign. Treatment is carried out by surgery.

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