Premenopausal: signs and symptoms

Climax, in particular, menopause is not a sudden event in a woman's life. By the onset of extinction of reproductive function of the body begins to prepare for several years. If the time to notice the signs and symptoms appear, you can adjust your lifestyle to avoid various complications.

Premenopausal the phase menopause

Under the climax understand a number of changes that lead to the reduction and cessation of the production of sex hormones by the ovaries. Thus, premenopausal patterns change menstrual function, which is completely absent in menopause.

Premenopausal changes are a natural step in a woman's life. Symptoms and signs are not predklimaksa pathology that should be treated. Usually premenopausal symptoms and signs have minor signs and symptoms. However, sometimes women with various diseases in history, and menopause predklimaks complicated symptomatic.

Climax involves several stages, which differ in duration. Within these stages there are changes that lead to the gradual extinction of hormonal ovarian function.

Allocate following menopause phase.

1. Premenopausal. Gynecologists conditionally designate the beginning of pre-menopausal period of 45 years. Accurately determine the occurrence preklimaksa impossible due to unexpressed symptoms and signs. On average premenopausal period begins a few years before cessation of menstruation.
2. Menopause. Phase includes the last month and continues for the next year. Determine the menopause only after a year in the absence of menstruation. Some gynecologists insist that menopause duration should be extended up to two years after the last menstrual period.
3. Postmenopause. Stage lasts closure since menopause and continues until 65-69 years. Then a woman comes old age.

Phase was isolated as perimenopause. As part of this stage of gynecologists integrate premenopausal and menopausal periods.

duration

It is believed that the length of pre-menopausal period is three to five years. In predklimakse observed a sharp decline in the production of sex hormones, which negatively impact on a woman's body. This is due to the fact that sex hormones, particularly estrogen, regulate many important processes of the female body:

• stability of the menstrual cycle;
• metabolism;
• libido;
• skin condition;
• moisturizing vaginal mucosa cervical mucus;
• emotional stability;
• the absorption of calcium and phosphorus;
• synthesis of collagen fibers;
• processes in the brain, the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
• activities of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system in the urogenital tract.

The period during which there are premenopausal changes important for women. During predklimaksa body adapts to function in deficiency conditions, and then lack of estrogen. This period was not always smooth. Its signs and symptoms depend largely on the lifestyle and the presence of women in her various diseases.

the possibility of pregnancy

The occurrence of pregnancy in premenopausal possible. This is due to the fact that in predklimakse possibility of spontaneous ovulation. Menstrual function begins to change. In particular, the loops may be longer or shorter duration. The volume of bleeding varies from scarce to abundant.

Most cycles differ resistant anovulation on the background of hormonal changes. Nevertheless, pregnancy, though unlikely, but possible. That is why in the premenopausal period there is a need for contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

The main signs of change

Not always women in predklimakse, note the appearance of the characteristic signs and symptoms. Physically healthy women premenopausal easily tolerate changes that do not adversely affect their quality of life.

However, organs and systems of the body begin to react to the lack of sex hormones, which can be expressed in the appearance of various signs and symptoms and disorders.

ovaries

In fact, because of the decrease in the synthesis of sex hormones and premenopausal changes occur. In pre-menopausal estrogen production is reduced that causes numerous symptoms.

Estrogens are synthesized by follicular unit, which belongs to the ovaries. In a newborn girl found up to three million eggs. Before the onset of the first menstrual period their number is about 400,000. In turn, in the premenopausal period, the number of eggs is reduced to 10,000. And during ovulation lost a small percentage of eggs. Most of the eggs disappear because of atresia.

At the beginning of the cycle under the influence of FSH, follicle growth hormone observed that contains egg. In premenopausal step violation occurs sensitivity to FSH, which causes a decrease in estrogen synthesis. To maintain the necessary balance of FSH concentration increases. However, this process can not lead to increased production of estrogens. The number of eggs decreases rapidly. Thus, after the cessation of menses disappear last individual follicles.

Uterus

The uterus is one of the most important organs of the female reproductive system. Mainly the uterus is necessary for pregnancy and child birth. When a woman enters the premenopausal period, fertility function being lost. Characteristic changes occur closer to menopause. The thickness of the functional layer, which is responsible for the amount of menses, implanting the ovum gradually decreases.

However, you must take into account the extreme sensitivity of the inner layer of the uterus to estrogen. If there hormonal fluctuations are frequently observed endometrial hyperplastic processes. In gynecological practice, there are cases of polyposis and uterine fibroids in premenopausal. Uterine polyps may have a tendency to malignancy.

That is why a woman in pre-menopausal phase should see your doctor regularly and to perform ultrasound of the pelvic organs. If necessary, illustrated medical or surgical treatment.

Vagina

In pre-menopausal phase of atrophy of the vaginal mucosa, implying thinning. Furthermore, the lack of estrogen has a negative influence on the development of cervical mucus, which moistens the vagina.

Thus, the defense mechanisms are broken, which can lead to dryness, the development of bacterial vaginosis and candida. Because the mucous can not be to the extent necessary to fulfill a protective function, often associated infection.

Milk glands

Mammary glands are also sensitive to the level of estrogen. Often predklimakse developing or progressing breast. Many breast cancers are hormone-dependent. This explains why premenopausal women increases the number of cancer. In women, breast cancer ranks first among cancers of prevalence.

Bone

Estrogens are directly involved in the assimilation of calcium and phosphorus. The result is a rapid loss of bone mass. Risk of disease is that the development of osteoporosis no symptoms until the first fracture. The most dangerous complication of osteoporosis is hip fracture, which leads to disability.

At menopause a woman loses to 3% of bone mass per year.

Heart and pressure

In predklimakse increases the load on vessels and heart. This is partly due to an increase in cholesterol levels, which affects blood pressure.

In premenopausal tissue develops resistance to insulin. It promotes the formation of blood vessels in the area of ​​blood clots and increases the risk of strokes, heart attacks. Women celebrate exercise intolerance and pressure surges. There are symptoms of pain in the hearts of the projection.

Leather

Condition of the skin, hair and nails are also changing. Women in the pre-menopausal phase, note the appearance of dryness, thinning of the skin and hair. Such changes result in the formation of deep wrinkles and ptosis.

Thyroid

Thyroid activity is directly related to hormone levels. In premenopausal sometimes marked hypothyroidism, which means a lack of thyroid hormone. This state causes the occurrence of various signs and symptoms indicative of irregularities in the thyroid (fatigue, weight gain, reduced mental capacity).

Nervous system

Estrogen deficiency affects the nervous system, provoking the emergence of unstable emotional state, stress, anxiety. Often in premenopausal phase marked sleep disturbances, dizziness, headaches and migraines.

Disorders of the urogenital area

Women may experience a variety of disorders associated with atrophy of the mucosal prolapse organs. In particular, there are urinary disorders:

• frequent urination;
• burning and pain;
• urinary incontinence.

Violations of the gastrointestinal tract work

Gastrointestinal tract reacts to changes in the level of sex hormones, which causes the appearance of signs and symptoms of disorders of the chair. Women may experience unpleasant symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, pain in the intestine projection. As a precaution, the unpleasant symptoms of the digestive system, doctors recommend a diet and to avoid fatty, fried, salty food and pastries.

The first symptoms of the syndrome and perimenopause

It is known that the first symptoms, the symptoms of menopause occur in premenopausal. As a rule, their intensity is not expressed. This is due to the preservation of the synthesis of sex hormones, albeit in smaller numbers.

In the presence of accompanying pathologies premenopausal syndrome may occur. This condition implies a series of symptoms and signs indicating significant violations of the various organs and systems. Premenopausal syndrome significantly impairs the quality of life of women and require medical correction.

portents

As a rule, we are talking about a minor ailment, which is not always celebrated woman. The earliest symptoms of pre-menopausal changes include the appearance of vaginal dryness, pressure surges. Women notice changes that affect the emotional background. changeability of mood appears, tearfulness, irritability. Often marked sleep disorders.

Menstrual disorders

Gynecologists say that the very first signs and symptoms predklimaksa refer to changes of the menstrual function. In normal menstruation in women characterized by regularity. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the presence of two-phase and ovulation.

In the year allowed 1-2 anovulatory cycle.

Pre-menopausal changes affect the nature of menstruation. Woman says lengthening or shortening of the cycle. Copious at critical days can also vary. Over time, there is a tendency to the cessation of menstruation.

tides

This is one of the very first signs and symptoms suggestive of premenopausal stage. Tides are caused by the many changes in a woman's body in response to a shortage of sex hormones. Hot flashes are accompanied by a feeling of heat or fever, tachycardia, reddening of the skin. After the attack, there are symptoms of fatigue.

Hot flashes can be either easy or severe course. In severe threat arises during the development of various pathologies. A woman shows a medical therapy.

Alleviation of symptoms and prevention

Determine the premenopausal stage you can use the test. All women who come into premenopausal, should be attentive to their health, and regular visits to the therapist, the gynecologist. A must is to perform a pelvic ultrasound and breast cancer, mammography.

It must be remembered about the increased risk of bowel cancer, diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is advisable to carry out surveys of this sector.

Determine the presence of women in pre-menopausal possible by means of hormonal diagnostics. It marked increase in FSH levels at low concentrations of estrogens.

medicine

Typically, the premenopausal stage does not require medication. However, in minor cases, there is the occurrence of pronounced signs and symptoms suggestive of various disorders of the functioning of organs and systems.

A woman goes to a doctor, who assigns the survey:

• inspection therapist mamologist, gynecologist, cardiologist, endocrinologist and other specialists;
• performing clinical tests of urine and blood;
• ultrasound;
• mammography;
• swabs for infection;
• cytology;
• ECG;
• DEXA.

The volume of research methods depends on the signs and symptoms.

Changes relating to the pre-menopausal phase can not be called a disease. Doctors use a variety of ways to ease the woman's condition. Where indicated, drug therapy performed.

Hormone therapy is used in small doses of progesterone and estrogen:

• adhesive bandages;
• ointments, gels, creams;
• pills.

topical means less likely to cause adverse symptoms. Tablets are often contraindicated in various somatic diseases.

Indications for hormone therapy:

• hot flashes;
• instability emotional background;
• urinary incontinence;
• vaginal dryness;
• prevention of osteoporosis.

HRT is appointed for several years.

Contraindications to hormone therapy include:

• hormone dependent cancer;
• bleeding;
• hyperplasia;
• thrombosis;
• coronary artery disease;
• hypertension;
• heart disease in acute form;
• idiosyncrasy.

Hormones used with caution in the following cases:

• myoma;
• endometriosis;
• migraine;
• stones in the gall bladder;
• epilepsy.

Gynecologists emphasize that premenopausal stage is the best time to hormone therapy.

Hormone therapy risk:

• gallstones;
• excessive blood clotting.

The use of hormones is possible in the framework of monotherapy and combined treatment. It is found that women who use a combined hormonal therapy increases the risk of stroke, heart attacks, malignant tumors of breast and endometrium.

Is essential relief of symptoms of anxiety and depression. In some cases, it shows the assignment of sedatives and antidepressants.

For the prevention of osteoporosis are also prescribed drugs in tablet form and in a nose spray. Preparations strengthen bones and prevent fractures and reduce joint pain.

Homeopathy, vitamins and folk remedies

Often, instead of HRT physicians prescribe phytoestrogens which differ efficiency and less risk of adverse symptoms and signs. In the combined therapy can also be used Vitamins and herbs. Phytoestrogens impact positively on:

• cardiovascular system, preventing the occurrence of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke;
• the functioning of the central nervous system, improving sleep, increasing efficiency;
• appearance, preventing the aging of the skin, improving the condition of hair and nails;
• calcium absorption, preventing the development of osteoporosis.

Gynecologists prescribe the following phytoestrogens:

• Klimadinon;
• Remens;
• Ladies formula.

Among the herbs commonly used:

• upland uterus;
• yarrow;
• red brush;
• sage.

work and rest

Premenopausal women should be aware that their way of life needs to be adjusted. It is necessary to rationally approach to the adherence of the day, alternate load and rest.

Long-term mental and physical stress not only leads to fatigue and weakness, but also provokes stress. While working, you need to take breaks whenever possible, to breathe fresh air, or to engage with light exercise. Are essential snacks beneficial foods.

Should not be neglected in a timely bedtime. Overstimulation leads to headaches and insomnia.

Physical activity

The use of moderate physical activity is evident. physical education classes are the prevention of many diseases and help to improve mood. It is advisable to choose a sport, which would correspond to the physical form and the individual characteristics of women. It must be remembered that in the presence of benign tumors of the uterus for voltage exercise press contraindicated.

Experts recommend that women in premenopausal women perform Kegel exercises and a special complex that prevents the development of osteoporosis.

Food

Diet significantly affects the state of health of the woman, her emotional state. Women in predklimakse prohibited and exhausting diets and overeating. You need to eat a fractional, small portions.

Preference should be given fruit and vegetables. Fatty meat should be replaced with meatless species, such as beef. It is useful to eat marine fish and dairy products. From fatty, fried foods, pastries, carbonated drinks and smoked, it is desirable to give up.

proper nutrition to prevent unpleasant symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract, which often develop in predklimakse.

Healthy lifestyle

First of all, a healthy lifestyle involves giving up bad habits. It is known that smoking and alcohol consumption lead to the emergence of early menopause. Women who smoke menopause occurs three years earlier. Moreover, bad habits degrade during premenopausal phase that contributes to pathological symptoms.

Healthy life also includes the observance of the regime, proper nutrition, adequate physical activity. These factors are particularly important in the body's adaptation to a reduction in the level of hormones.

emotional stability

The instability of the emotional background is often observed in premenopausal phase of menopause. The symptoms of the emotional state associated with physiological changes, on the one hand, and the knowledge of aging, on the other.

women tend to become restless, irritable. Their mood is different lability, depressed mood prevails. The instability of the emotional state has an impact on the performance and quality of sleep.

intimate life

Unstable emotional state, unpleasant symptoms of pre-menopausal stage, reducing the production of sex hormones results in decreased libido. Furthermore, the vaginal mucosal atrophy causes the appearance of dryness, and other symptoms, such as itching and burning. These factors do not contribute to the quality of sexual life.

Experts stress that a full sex life is necessary to maintain the production of sex hormones, preventing stagnation and stabilization of the emotional background. In order to eliminate dryness and unpleasant symptoms, you can use different moisturizers after the recommendation of the gynecologist.