The duration of menopause in women

Menopause is a natural stage of age in a woman's life. Despite the fact that menopause is not considered a disease, women may experience symptoms of various ailments that are associated with a deficiency of sex hormones. The duration of menopause many years. As lasts menopause, a woman's body is adapted first to the sharp reduction in the production of sex hormones, and then to their total absence.

What is menopause

Menopause is called a logical step consisting in the occurrence of age-related hormonal changes during involution of the reproductive system. Many women equate menopause with aging. In reality, the extinction of reproductive function lasts for many years. The beginning of menopause women usually do not notice because of unexpressed manifestations.

In fact, menopause literally means the extinguishing of the reproductive function. While emerging symptoms reflect a woman's body to adapt to the changes.

duration

In fact, the duration of menopause may be different. Climax is a multi-step process, which lasts for many years. The duration of menopause is an individual character. There is no universal time of the beginning of menopause. The occurrence of menopause depends on the following factors:

• heredity;
• gynecological disorders;
• extragenital pathology;
• environmental conditions.

It is believed that menopausal changes usually appear after 45 years. Adaptation of the body during menopause is a minimum of 8-10 years.

According to the age at which menopause lasts, it conditionally differentiate as:

• early;
• physiological;
• late.

Furthermore, gynecologists isolated climacteric phase, which have different lengths.

premenopausal

This is the first stage of menopause, the symptoms usually go unnoticed by a woman. Premenopausal lasts several years. In this period there is a gradual decrease in the production of sex hormones, especially estrogen. There are disorders of menstrual function, for example, shortening or lengthening of the cycle, the scarcity or profuse discharge.

Pregnancy with pre-menopausal women is possible if the observed spontaneous ovulation. Premenopausal lasts until the last menstrual period.

Menopause

Stage lasts about a year. Menopause begins with the date of last menstrual period and lasts for the next year. Some experts believe that menopausal duration should be increased to two years after the end of menstruation.

Pregnancy at a stage of menopause is not possible. This is due to lack of ovulation and menstrual cycles. It is noteworthy that many women identify with menopause menopause, that's not entirely true.

postmenopause

Menopause stage begins with menopause and lasts about 65-69 years. There are two post-menopausal:

• early, which lasts for the first five years;
• later, with a duration of up to ten years.

Premenopausal and menopause "Perimenopause" combined term.

This duration is conditional. Climax in different women continues in accordance with the individual characteristics. It should be borne in mind that spotting in any amount after the onset of menopause are not monthly. If you experience bleeding should seek medical attention.

Pregnancy during menopause is possible only when the last premenopausal., During which a woman's body Termination monthly menopause divides into two periods functions:

• with estrogen deficiency;
• in the complete absence of estrogen.

Estrogens that affect the entire female body, are synthesized by the ovaries. Gynecologists emphasize that estrogens:

• affect the performance of dairy, gonads, in particular, cervical mucus secretion which moistens the vagina;
• regulate the activity of glands of the skin;
• support and accelerate metabolism;
• prevent excessive accumulation of cholesterol;
• provide a bone strength;
• stimulate the immune system;
• affect the tone of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, the thermoregulation process.

Known effect of estrogen on the emotional sphere of women. This explains the mood swings, irritability and tearfulness women during menopause, which is associated with a reduction in hormone levels.

Every woman's menopause lasts differently. This is due to the individual characteristics, family history and history in general. The symptoms can be dramatically different, which explains the variation of lung ailments to climacteric syndrome.

Climax and in some situations, it may be an artificial one:

• against the background of drug therapy;
• after removal of the ovaries.

After the surgery, which is accompanied by the removal of the ovaries, menopause duration is reduced due to early menopause. In such cases there is a need for hormone replacement therapy.

Menopause refers to the age of the natural state of women. His treatment is not possible. However, in some cases there is a need to adjust the symptoms when menopause occurs when comorbidity.

It is noteworthy that the average menopause occurs in '51. According to statistics, usually the climax lasts from 48 up to 55 years. However, a small percentage of women observe the first symptoms of menopause before 40 years of age.

Causes

It is known that the onset of menopause coincides with change hormonal function. Menopause in premenopausal lasts without significant changes, due to the preservation of the synthesis of estrogen. The duration of pre-menopausal stage is conditional and has individual character. Usually they talk about the long duration of premenopausal, during which the menstrual function is gradually completed.

Premenopausal usually begins to 45 years and lasts 3-5 years before the menopause. The beginning of menopause lasts with minor manifestations. After completion of the symptoms of menstrual function are becoming more pronounced.

In some women, menstrual function lasts longer, which is not always pathological. Are essential reasons that led to the early or late menopause. According to statistics, 5% of women preserved menstrual function after 55 years, while 3% of the representatives of menstruation ceases to 40 years.

Factors affecting the duration of the

It is known that certain factors contribute to early menopause. In particular, early menopause occurs in smokers, nulliparous women. It is noted that somewhat earlier menopause develop in representatives who live in the mountainous terrain.

Hormonal changes that occur during menopause can last for about five years before menopause. This time is necessary to adapt the female body to new conditions.

The duration of menopause and the nature of its occurrence in women depends on the completion of their ovaries hormonal function. When reducing the amount of smooth menopause estrogens lasts in a safe adaptation to the new conditions. In the presence of various chronic diseases usually occurs pronounced menopausal syndrome, which also has an impact on the duration and occurrence of adaptation.

Sometimes menopause occurs before forty, and after 55 years. Not always early or late menopause suggests pathology. However, in some cases, early menopause refers to ovarian failure. the risk of developing malignant tumors increases with late onset of menopause, as they are estrogen-dependent. That is why there is a need for every six months or a year of systematic surveys.

Gynecologists say that menopause and menopause duration is often determined by hereditary factors. It usually affects the inheritance early and late menopause and duration of menopause. There is also a view that the onset and duration of menopause are caused by the age of menarche. In particular, the late onset of menstruation ensures a later menopause.

Furthermore smoking on the onset and duration of menopause is influenced by such factors as the presence of somatic pathologies, stress, physical exhaustion. Number of pregnancies and childbirth has no significant effect.

Premature menopause is uncommon in the absence of disease is hereditary. Otherwise menopause for 38 years implies a premature depletion of ovarian syndrome.

Physiological menopause continues concurrently with the general aging of the organism. That is why the symptoms of menopause such minimal. Early menopause lasts background young adequate functioning of the female body. Sudden estrogen deficiency causes a kind of shock. A woman's body is not ready for such a change, which is accompanied by severe symptoms.

premature ovarian failure factors:

• genetic predisposition;
• hypothyroidism;
• tumor and traumatic brain injury;
• depression and stress;
• avitaminosis;
• operation on the ovaries, accompanied by damage to the follicular unit;
• severe intrauterine infection.

Perhaps the development of ovarian exhaustion under two scenarios:

• fatal, indicating a persistent lack of menstrual function and is accompanied by severe clinical picture;
• resistant ovary syndrome in which there is no reaction to the own hormones.

Second Embodiment ovarian failure lasts more smoothly and can be adjusted by an adequate therapy.

Changes in the body

In newborn girl has up to three million eggs. By the beginning of menstruation their number is approximately 400,000. Before the onset of menopause is equal to the number of oocytes 10,000. During menstruation lost a small percentage of eggs. A significant part of the egg undergoes degeneration and resorption.

When menopause lasts, the number of eggs rapidly declining. After menopause are follicles in the unit quantity.

Estrogens affect the functioning of the following systems:

• sex;
• urinary;
• digestive;
• musculoskeletal;
• Cardiovascular.

Estrogen receptors are also found in the following parts of the body:

• conjunctiva of the eye;
• leather;
• brain cells.

Estrogen production is directly controlled by the hypothalamus. Menstrual function is carried out with the participation of the pituitary gland, which produces FSH. The growth of the follicles is determined by the hormone FSH in the first half of the cycle. Before menopause, the egg loses sensitivity to this hormone. As a result, the ovaries dramatically reduce estrogen synthesis. This leads to the intensive production of FSH. However, estrogen synthesis is not increased. It is believed that the occurrence and duration of menopause is caused by aging of the pituitary.

40% of women in menopause They do not require medical treatment as a result of complications of menopause.

Thyroid

The functioning of the thyroid gland depends on the level of sex hormones. When lasts menopause, it undergoes changes and thyroid. The most common in women diagnosed hypothyroidism, which means lack of hormone synthesis. At this state, there are numerous pathological symptoms that affect and emotional sphere. Hypothyroidism requires competent medical correction.

Organs of the reproductive system

The first symptoms of menopause affect the organs of the reproductive system. Estrogens are produced in insufficient degree. Menses are either scarce or abundant. There is a shortening or increasing the cycle time.

The following symptoms may occur when reducing the level of estrogen:

• heaviness in the abdomen;
• breast tenderness;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• hot flashes;
• sweating;
• headaches, migraine;
• pressure surges, and tachycardia.

Along with the changes in the reproductive sphere, there are disturbances in the emotional sphere. There is irritability, weakness, drowsiness, weakness, loss of memory and concentration, depression.

Locomotor apparatus

At menopause there is a violation of calcium absorption. As a result, the calcium and phosphorus does not come into bone tissue, which leads to the risk of osteoporosis. This pathology is usually asymptomatic. The first manifestations are frequent fractures and change of growth downward.

The general aging of the organism causes mechanical wear of the joints. In turn, the immune imbalance contributes to the development of inflammatory diseases of the joints.

skin condition

It is known that estrogens are synthesized by the ovaries, have a significant effect on the skin and its elasticity. At menopause there is dry skin, brittle hair and nails. The woman notices pronounced wrinkles and ptosis.

The cardiovascular system

Significant changes undergoes heart and blood vessels. vascular elasticity is reduced, which leads to the appearance of hot flushes, sweating, blood pressure jumps, tachycardia. Changes in the cardiovascular system frequently provokes increased cholesterol levels. There is a risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.

Nervous system

When the menopause lasts, women often develop ESP. Over time, it may cause disorders of the ears, memory and vision. Women often experience intense headaches and migraines.

symptoms

The clinical picture is diverse in menopause. Distinguish early and late manifestations that lasts menopausal.

following signs relate to the earliest manifestations.

1. Changes in the cycle, which can manifest profusion or scarcity periods, lengthening or shortening of the duration of the cycle.
2. Vascular symptoms, e.g., hot flashes, which can have both an easy and the degree of heavy flow. Hot flashes are accompanied by hot flashes, sweating, irregular pressure, redness of the skin. After an attack, the patient is experiencing fatigue, headaches may occur.
3. Changes in reactivity of peripheral and central part of the nervous system, accompanied by irritability, weakness, drowsiness, depression, decreased performance.

When the menopause lasts, a woman observes the occurrence of the following symptoms.

1. Urogenital disorders due to atrophy of the mucous membranes, which is accompanied by vaginitis, urethritis and cystitis. Some women develop urinary incontinence. Women often feel a burning sensation and itching are associated with a change in the vaginal mucosa.
2. Skin changes its structure. There is a brittle hair and nails, dry skin. Wrinkles are pronounced.

When the bleeding should consult a doctor.

By the manifestations that arise when lasts postmenopause include the following features:

• atherosclerosis;
• hypertension;
• impaired memory, eyesight and hearing;
• osteoporosis.

menopause

The majority of patients menopause lasts from minor discomfort. Menopause is not a disease, therefore, does not need treatment. All the symptoms that occur during menopause are associated with the adaptation of the organism.

However, in some cases there are severe symptoms, which not only degrade the quality of a woman's life, but also lead to the emergence of pathologies. As a rule, this so-called climacteric syndrome appears in the case of early exhaustion ovarian or gynecological background, extragenital diseases that can occur in chronic form.

Menopausal syndrome in need of a competent medical therapy. In some cases there is a need for women of hospitalization.

Ways to ease ailments

Climax cure is not possible, since it is not any disease. Nevertheless, there are many ways that can help alleviate the symptoms with natural extinction of the functioning of the ovaries.

Food

First of all, women need to revise your diet and eating habits. Preference should be given low-calorie, wholesome food. In the diet must be a sufficient quantity of fruit, vegetables and dairy products. It is desirable to eliminate fatty, salty foods, fried foods and smoked.

Lifestyle

Often the menopause there is a need to adjust the way of life that is caused by the occurrence of certain symptoms. In particular, you should not wear tight clothes made of synthetic fabrics, which provokes hot flashes. Particular attention should be paid to proper nutrition, drinking regime, moderate physical activity. It is important to observe the regime of work and rest to avoid fatigue.

Physical activity

Of considerable importance is the adequate age and health exercise. Heavy physical activity should be replaced by fresh air and light exercise. It is useful to perform the exercises, which are the prevention of osteoporosis, and the omission of reproductive organs.

medication

Sometimes elimination of symptoms can be realized with the help of drugs. If there are serious violations of hormone replacement therapy is appointed.

Hormone therapy should meet the following principles:

• use only natural estrogens and progestogens;
• receiving the lowest dose of hormones;
• Treatment duration is two years.

Gynecologists prescribe the following hormonal products:

• Estrozhel gel;
• proginova;
• estrofem;
• CLIMAR patch;
• utrozhestan;
• Klimov;
• Divina;
• klimonorma;
• Femoston;
• Kliogest;
• Ginodian.

Control of general health

Women in menopause have to pay increased attention to their health and undergo regular check-ups with your doctor. Diagnosis includes preventive examinations by a gynecologist and mammalogy with mandatory implementation of ultrasound and mammography, smear on onkotsitologiyu. There is also a need to evaluate thyroid function. Doctors recommend to perform biochemical analysis of blood coagulation. Before taking calcium supplements desirable to perform DEXA.

The risk of heart disease assessed by blood tests for cholesterol. treatment is given at high rates.

emotional sphere

Women during menopause are characterized by the instability of the emotional background that appears tearfulness, irritability, moodiness. Women are prone to depression and excessive experiences that can worsen the hormonal changes. In some cases the appointment of sedatives and antidepressants.

intimate life

As a rule, with the beginning of menopause, there are significant changes in the intimate life. This is due to several reasons. The woman is getting worse overall health, reduced libido. Many representatives feel insecure. In addition, by having the dryness of mucous due to hormonal changes make sexual intercourse painful. In such cases, doctors recommend the use of special local funds, including hormonal action that eliminates the discomfort of the vagina.