Endometrial hyperplasia: Symptoms and treatment for menopause

Extinction hormonal function during menopause triggers various malfunctions of internal genital organs, which manifest certain symptoms. One such pathological conditions is endometrial hyperplasia. The lack of treatment of endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus can lead to the formation of polyps and the development of a malignant tumor.

What is menopause and postmenopause

Called the menopause natural physiological period which is manifested age hormonal changes that lead to the extinction of reproductive function. In fact, menopause affects only the ovarian function. However caused changes lead to the need to adapt all the woman's body.

Many women associate menopause with symptoms of lack of menstruation and old age. Nevertheless, hormonal changes begin long before the complete cessation of menses.

During the onset of menopause is different individual symptoms. The occurrence of menopause is influenced by:

• heredity;
• gynecological pathology;
• extragenital diseases.

It is believed that the first symptoms of menopause occur in women under the age of 45 years. Depending on the age at which first symptoms appeared, the climax is classified as:

• early;
• physiological;
• late.

Menopause is a long-flowing stage, during which the female body is adapted to function while reducing the level of estrogen. Typically, this period is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms. However, not always symptoms of menopause can be considered pathological.

adaptation of an organism to reduce the amount of estrogen is about ten years.

Climax contains several interrelated stages.

1. premenopausal It is the period of occurrence of the first signs of menopause and continues until the last menstruation.
2. Menopause It includes the last menstrual period and the next year.
3. perimenopause It combines the first two climacteric period.
4. postmenopause It begins with menopause phase and lasts about 65-69 years.

Postmenopause is:

• early, consisting of the first 5 years;
• later, implying 10 years.

Month after menopause absent. Any bleeding may be indicative of pathology. Pregnancy after menopause is also excluded. However, the occurrence of pregnancy is possible in premenopausal women in the presence of ovulation.

Menopause involves two time slots in which a woman's body functions:

• under estrogen deficiency (premenopausal);
• in the absence of estrogen (menopause, postmenopause).

The cause of menopause is to reduce the amount of estrogen and their gradual disappearance. Estrogens are produced by ovarian follicular unit and have the following effects:

• stimulate the genital gland functioning, in particular, affect the cervical mucus and vaginal moistening process;
• affect the mammary glands, and skin;
• accelerated metabolism;
• prevent the accumulation of cholesterol;
• control the delivery of calcium and phosphorus into bone tissue;
• affect the immune system;
• have an effect on the digestive organs, blood clotting, thermoregulation, smooth muscle tone.

In addition, estrogens are directly related to the emotional sphere of women. By reducing the level of estrogen, there are various symptoms because hormones affect almost every organ and system of the female body.

Menopause, menopause and postmenopause in particular, is not a disease. However, the state of health of women depends on the nature of the completion of hormonal function. With a smooth decrease in estrogen the female body adapts to a deficiency of hormones. Pathological course of menopause is observed against gynecological and extragenital pathologies.

In the event of various pathologies in menopausal and postmenopausal patient is assigned to proper treatment.

endometrial hyperplasia

Menopause affects mostly menstrual function. In premenopausal menstrual irregularities observed:

• lengthening or shortening of the cycle;
• acyclic bleeding;
• profuse bleeding.

In menopausal and postmenopausal normal menstruation absent. The appearance of bleeding, even in small quantities indicate pathology. In such cases, diagnosis and treatment.

It is known that estrogens have a significant effect on the endometrium, or inner layer of the uterus. At deficiency of estrogen may experience excessive overgrowth of the inner layer of the pathological nature of the uterus, which is called hyperplasia. This pathology can lead to the formation of polyps. cancer may develop in case of malignancy separate portions hyperplastic endometrium.

The endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus, which has two components:

• functional;
• basement.

Endometrium provides the introduction and growth of the ovum in the uterus. In the first phase of the endometrial cycle functional layer expands in preparation for implantation of a fertilized ovum. Its thickness after menstruation is 1 mm. Proliferation inner layer of the uterus 5-8 mm to provide the dominant sex hormones first phase of the cycle. In the absence of conception and pregnancy functional layer is torn away at the end of the cycle due to the dominant hormone second phase. The basal layer, being stable, due to its cellular reserves provides recovery inner layer of the uterus.

In postmenopausal functional layer undergoes atrophy due to hormonal changes. For postmenopausal upper functional layer essentially disappears.

Hormonal fluctuations begin long before the onset of menopause and postmenopause. Endometrial hyperplasia often develops in pre-menopausal women, which leads to her diagnosis at a later period. In addition, when estrogen deficiency, as in the case of excess, hyperplastic processes may also be observed.

Classification

In identifying hyperplasia it is important to determine the type of endometrial growths. According to the histological structure, gynecologists identify several species hyperplasia.

1. Glandular. In this case, there is the proliferation of endometrial glands. they gradually acquire tortuosity no signs of blockage. Glandular hyperplasia has a good prognosis due to a benign course.
2. Cystic. Are clogging the glands, which leads to the formation of cysts. The risk of developing malignant tumors in this species is more pronounced.
3. Glandulocystica. There is a proliferation and clogging of the glands. Malignant tumor with this form develops in 5% of cases.
4. Alopecia. In this variety of notes due to local formation of polyps endometrial growths.
5. Atypical. This precancerous condition, characterized by the presence of signs of atypia.

The more severe atypical hyperplasia, if left untreated, which is developing uterine cancer.

Causes

Endometrial hyperplasia is a frequent condition that often develops as a result of hormonal changes in menopause. As a rule, based on hyperplasia - fluctuation in estrogen levels that occurs in the following cases:

• Obesity, which affects the secretion of estrogens;
• tekomatoz meaning ovarian tissue overgrowth;
• tumor estrogen-producing ovaries nature;
• liver disease, which "recovers" estrogens;
• adrenal disease that enhance the level of estrogen;
• diabetes;
• reception pharmaceutical preparations containing estrogen;
• heredity;

Promote hyperplasia frequent surgery on the uterus. As a result of epithelial tissue is replaced by connective, which is less amenable to the influence of progesterone.

On the endometrium it affects not only the amount of estrogen, but also the duration of exposure. And in premenopausal and postmenopausal observed elongation of the first phase of the cycle.

Symptoms hyperplasia often occur during perimenopause, that is, cover the premenopausal and menopause. The occurrence of hyperplasia symptoms of menopause is quite rare. At higher risk of developing uterine hyperplasia indicate the following pathologies:

• myoma;
• endometriosis;
• breast.

The risk of uterine hyperplasia development is increased in women with early-onset menopause. Patients who are at risk should be screened regularly.

symptoms

The first symptoms of hyperplasia occur in premenopausal women and point to menstrual dysfunction. Menstruation usually occur copious and acyclic bleeding may occur in the middle of the cycle.

Sometimes patients complain of menopausal symptoms such as abdominal pain, which have cramping in nature. Also, the following symptoms may occur in menopause:

• insomnia;
• weight gain;
• headache;
• irritability;
• fatigue.

Hyperplasia in the early phase of menopause may be suspected by the following symptoms:

• painful menstruation;
• irregular cycles;
• acyclic spotting;
• heavy menstruation after a delay;
• increase bleeding during menstruation;
• critical days duration increased significantly at 10 days.

Determine endometrial hyperplasia can be not only on symptoms but also on the following ehopriznakam:

• increasing the thickness of the M-echo;
• a high level of conduction;
• roughness circuit;
• inhomogeneity of the endometrium;
• modified terrain.

Gynecologists emphasize that hyperplasia symptoms of menopause, such as menopause, often coincide with the symptoms of other pathologies. To confirm or refute the diagnosis is possible using the survey.

The dangerous pathology

Hyperplasia is a rather dangerous pathology that develops in the period of menopause, i.e., at premenopausal and menopausal. Develop symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women is not typical. This is due to the fact that postmenopausal endometrium functional virtually disappears.

It is known that the main risk of endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus lies in the development of cervical cancer, which often occurs in women after menopause and postmenopause. In addition, uterine hyperplasia manifested by symptoms such as heavy menstrual flow and acyclic bleeding in women in early menopause. Chronic blood loss can cause anemia symptoms.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is established after the patient examination located in menopause and postmenopause. Gynecologist carefully examining the patient's complaints, which may suggest the presence of endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus.

Examination involves several major diagnostic methods.

1. US. This is one of the most informative and easiest methods of investigation, which allows to measure the thickness of the uterine endometrium, and to determine the growth of the tissue.
2. Hysteroscopy. Manipulation is accomplished by hysteroscope and is a method of diagnosis and treatment. With built-in video camera, the doctor may examine the uterine cavity in detail. When using the tool possibly removal of polyps and a fence material for the subsequent biopsy. This analysis is necessary to determine the histological types of hyperplasias and exceptions malignant process. In general, hysteroscopy shown, if the thickness of the uterine endometrium in postmenopausal is 6 mm.
3. Diagnostic curettage. This procedure is also done for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Curettage is often used to stop uterine bleeding. Uterine Curettage shown when the thickness of the endometrium of 8 mm in menopause.

If the thickness of the uterine endometrium in postmenopausal is 10 mm, it is necessary to hold the WFD and oral examination by radioactive phosphorus.

Treatment

Tactics of treatment of endometrial hyperplasia depends on the survey results, pathology symptoms. It is essential during menopause, ie, premenopausal, menopause or postmenopause. Gynecologists use medical and surgical therapy. In some cases the use of traditional therapies.

Medication

Treatment with medicinal drugs shown in the absence of cancer alertness. Usually medical treatment in postmenopausal women is efficient and eliminates pathological symptoms. Thus, conservative treatment avoids surgery.

Doctors prescribe these drugs for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia in menopause:

• Megestrol acetate;
• Medroxyprogesterone.

This treatment should be carried out long-term, for six months. The treatment regimen is individually designed. The treatment should be regularly ultrasound to assess the dynamics. If necessary, the doctor adjusts the dose of the drug.

Surgery

In some cases, it is necessary to perform a surgical procedure. Generally, surgical treatment is indicated in the form of focal hyperplasia of the endometrium, cancer of alertness or eliminating pathology in postmenopausal women.

Surgical treatment includes:

• laser ablation or cauterization of the endometrium carried out at polyps;
• curettage or scraping to remove the functional layer of the uterus;
• amputation of the uterus and appendages at risk of developing a malignant tumor.

Folk remedies

national treatment means is desirable to use in combination with drug therapy and surgery. Application of national treatment is only possible after the examination and doctor's advice. Many herbs have an effect on the hormones that may affect the endometrial hyperplasia. Besides it is necessary to take into account other extragenital and gynecological pathology.

herbal remedies can contain analogues of female sex hormones. In the treatment, you can use:

• beet juice and carrot;
• Douching celandine extract;
• tincture of aloe;
• honey;
• upland uterus;
• flaxseed oil and flax seeds;
• Stinging nettle;
• herbal teas.

prevention

In order to prevent overgrowth of the endometrium during menopause gynecologists recommend timely visits to the doctor and be screened. Prevention also includes a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, moderate physical activity, with the exception of bad habits.

Menopause is a difficult period in a woman's life, during which you must listen to your well-being and symptoms. If you have any abnormal symptoms should see a specialist.