Premenopause (signs, symptoms, period): the condition of the woman's reproductive system

Medical statistics say that after 40 years, more than 90% of women face disruptions in the menstrual cycle, hormonal imbalance and neurological disorders. In the same time interval, the risks of diagnosing breast and reproductive organs cancer increase. But what is the reason? What is premenopause and how to prepare the body for this period in a woman? Let's take a look at this material.

Premenopause concept

According to statistics collected by gynecologists, from 40 to 55 years old, the organs of a woman's reproductive system undergo significant changes. There comes the extinction and end of reproductive capabilities, and with this, changes in the hormonal background and emotional state. Every woman has to go through this.

The perimenopausal period in most Caucasians occurs at the age of 40–45 years. Variability is due to a number of factors:

• saturation of sexual activity;
• heredity;
• the presence of bad habits;
• ecological background in the place of residence;
• the number of births and abortions;
• duration of breastfeeding;
• food habits;
• hormonal stability;
• the presence or absence of thyroid disease;
• sports load;
• use of various contraceptives;
• psycho-emotional background.

It is on these data, in addition to the test results, that the profile doctor relies on to calculate or confirm the impending premenopause.

What is premenopause? This is the physiological stage that a woman's body goes through after forty to prepare for menopause. "Key" systems begin to smoothly rebuild, preparing a woman to enter a new physiological period. This is what is called the capacious term "premenopause".

In the prevailing number of cases, at this time we are not talking about the complete extinction of the reproductive function. Many women manage to become pregnant during premenopause. The reason lies in an unstable hormonal background and a failure in the monthly cycle, but the ovaries still have activity.

Signs of premenopause

Many women of Balzac's age are concerned about the question, is it possible to somehow identify the onset of this period, or is the age threshold only a symptom of it? What are the first symptoms that the body reacts to the upcoming changes? Gynecologists say that even a completely healthy woman is unable to avoid certain symptoms, which indicate the onset of a precursor of menopause. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor your health.

Gynecologists identify a number of common premenopausal symptoms that occur in most patients. These are the following phenomena:

Loop failure

The first most common bell is an unstable but heavy period. This sign indicates the beginning of a restructuring in the work of the organs of the genitourinary system, but does not indicate a complete loss of reproductive function. The eggs in the follicles continue to mature, performing the direct functions of the ovaries, but the level of estrogen undergoes significant changes.

In most cases, heavy periods can be accompanied by pulling pain in the lower back and groin. But if the pain syndrome becomes stronger from menstruation to menstruation, you should immediately contact specialist, because the state of the reproductive system of a premenopausal woman is changing and requires close attention.

Prolonged pain syndrome, abundant periods with large bloody blotches may indicate the development of pathological processes.

A sharp change in body temperature

During premenopause, the temperature fluctuates from 35.9 to 37.3 ℃ within the physiological norm. A sharp increase in temperature may indicate an increase in blood pressure against the background of thinning of blood vessels and a jump in estrogen levels.

Sweating

Excessive sweating is another common symptom of the onset of premenopausal women. Hot flashes do not last more than 5-6 minutes and are accompanied by a feeling of heat and weakness. The reason for this is hypoestrogenism, which leads to disturbances in the work of the pituitary gland. In many women, hot flashes are accompanied by hyperventilation syndrome. There is a feeling of shortness of breath, shortness of breath and dizziness.

Skin changes

Sagging skin along the contour of the face and the appearance of age spots. Such changes are associated with sharp shifts in the hormonal background.

Neurological disorders

Not everyone is easy to accept a new, age-related stage of life. Most women fall into depression, associating the onset of menopause with the extinction and exit of the life line to the home stretch. Mood swings caused by hormonal surges also complicate the situation. Uncertainty, strained relations with loved ones and attempts to delay the inevitable often become the causes of depression, nervous breakdowns, and insomnia. Neurologists say that it is easy to alleviate and sometimes avoid such complications. To do this, it is necessary to start a course of hormone therapy on time.

Decreased sex drive

Hormonal changes in the body and psychoemotional decline lead to a decrease in libido. Lack of lust is also facilitated by the appearance of dryness in the vagina, which entails painful sensations during sexual intercourse.

Change in the condition of the hairline

Changes in the body have a detrimental effect on the appearance of a woman. In addition to skin laxity, the quality of hair and nails also deteriorates. Their growth slows down.

Weight changes

A sharp increase or decrease in weight in this case does not depend on the woman's eating habits. The point is in the processes that affect the work of the endocrine system. Nutritionists advise at this time to give preference to vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy products and fish. The use of fatty and fried foods should be limited to reduce the load on the body.

Incontinence and urinary frequency

When diagnosing such symptoms in yourself, you need to consult a doctor.

Deterioration of the bone system

Premenopause in many is accompanied by the development of osteoporosis. Removing calcium from the body leads to increased bone fragility.

Some women experience premenopause before the usual 45 years. In the region of forty. But what is the reason? Is this fact a cause for concern? In most cases, the early onset of the preparatory stage for menopause is due to hereditary predisposition, past venereal diseases or an abundance of surgical interventions on organs reproductive system.

In the case of an early onset of premenopausal time, it is necessary to especially carefully monitor the state of the body. Women from this category are at risk for the tendency to form cancerous tumors.

Oncologists identify a number of signs, when diagnosed, it is necessary to immediately seek the advice of a specialist. These include:

1. The appearance of dense bloody formations in menstruation. During the period of preparation of the body for menopause, many women lose their cycle, and the amount of rejected secretions increases. At this time, it is necessary to carefully monitor the consistency of the discharge, smell and related sensations. If you experience an unpleasant odor, itching, burning and regular bleeding during critical days and smears throughout the cycle, you should immediately consult a gynecologist.
2. Lumps in the chest area. Lumps in the chest and enlarged lymph nodes in the armpits may indicate the appearance of benign growths. One of the alarming symptoms mammologists call discharge from the mammary glands during the premenopausal state.
3. Unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen. Prolonged pain in the lower abdomen and constant urge to urinate before menopause may indicate problems in the organs of the reproductive system. When diagnosing this symptomatology, you must contact a specialized specialist.

The age of premenopause is a serious test for every woman. But is it possible to prepare for this period and minimize the effect of symptoms on the usual way of life?

Diagnosis of premenopause

Gynecologists and endocrinologists agree that with timely detection of the onset of premenopause and the appointment of the necessary supportive therapy, you can enter menopause as comfortably as possible. But how do you know when it's time to go to a specialist for appointments?

In addition to the obvious physiological first signs, a number of tests will come to the aid of a woman, the results of which inform the doctor about the onset of premenopause.

To clarify their condition, women are prescribed tests for a number of hormones. These blood tests are taken from a vein. In this case, the following analyzes act as a standard set:

1. Analysis for the content of progesterone. During the period of preparation of the body for menopause, the level of this hormone can reach 0.64 units. The less this value is in the results of a woman's analyzes, the closer the climacteric period and the brighter its manifestation.
2. Analysis for FGS. The basic analysis, which is assigned to diagnose the condition of the indicator, the closer the menopause. In the premenopausal time, the number of units in the results of analyzes for FGS can reach 40 units.
3. Analysis for the content of LH. This analysis is familiar to those who carefully plan their pregnancy. It is prescribed to determine the date of ovulation. During premenopause, values ​​can go up to 50 units.
4. Analysis for estradiol. During premenopause and menopause, the level of this hormone in a woman's body drops sharply. It is the lack of the latter that causes a decrease in sexual desire, deterioration in the quality of skin, nails and hair. Experts say that the permissible limits lie in the plane of 8–80 units. With an increased level of estradiol, there is a risk of benign tumors and pathological changes in the kidneys.

The results of these analyzes and "tangible" signs of premenopause allow doctors to form an overall picture of a woman's condition and prescribe replacement therapy. It is impossible to completely remove the symptoms, but negative manifestations can be stopped as much as possible.

Therapy is based on hormonal preparations and dietary supplements, which include a spectrum of vitamins necessary for the adequate functioning of the body. They also prefer to relieve symptoms with the help of herbal medicine.

One of the most common questions asked by women of Balzac's age to specialized specialists is the question of how long premenopause lasts. Doctors agree that this period in 90% of cases does not exceed 12 months. With the timely appointment of replacement therapy, the onset of menopause can come as unnoticed as possible for the general outline of a woman's life. And hormonal treatment will have a positive effect on the psycho-emotional background, skin and hair of a woman.