Acute gingivitis: catarrhal, ulcerative, necrotic, treatment, symptoms, ICD-10

The gums perform important functions, but their performance is seriously complicated by acute gingivitis.

This disease brings a person not only discomfort, but even pain, which complicates food intake and other actions. You need to know such an enemy in person in order to start acting in time, excluding the development of complications and undesirable consequences.

Clear definition and ICD-10 code

The ICD-10 disease code is K05.0.

Patients experience discomfort when brushing their teeth or eating harsh foods. Possibility is not excluded bleeding gums. Both adults and children are susceptible to this ailment.

Causes in adults and children

In order to prescribe an effective therapeutic therapy, it is necessary to accurately establish the reasons that provoked the onset of the disease.

The fundamental factor of the disease is non-compliance with the rules. oral hygiene. Other reasons for the development of the disease in children include the following:

• the presence of dental abnormalities;
• frequent mouth breathing;
• the presence of orthodontic structures in the mouth;
• improperly organized diet;
• dysbiosis;
• cholecystitis;
• diabetes.

In adult patients, in addition to those listed above, the following factors may also cause acute gingivitis:

• malocclusion;
• strong development dental calculus;
• mechanical damage to the gum tissue;
• development caries;
• poor immunity;
• inflammation of the gumscaused by taking medications.

The presence of these factors can provoke the active development of acute gingivitis.

Classification and symptoms

There are several options for gum inflammation in the acute form of the disease.

Experts classify the disease, focusing on the following areas:

• the form;
• degree of difficulty;
• picture of the development of the disease.

By the nature of the flow

There are several stages in the development of the disease according to the nature of the course:

1. Lightweight form. The reasons may be violation of the rules of oral hygiene, stress, vitamin deficiency. There is little bleeding gums. The inflammatory process develops only near the tooth, and does not spread further. Despite the absence of pronounced discomfort, this stage must be treated to prevent further development of inflammation.
2. Average. Its onset is caused by the lack of treatment for the mild stage of the disease. It manifests itself in an increase in the area of ​​the inflammatory process, frequent bleeding of the gums.
3. Heavy. In this case, there is an active development of inflammation of the gums, their strong bleeding (even from touch), the presence of bad breath. Patients experience severe oral discomfort.

Each stage of the disease brings more and more problems and inconveniences to the patient. Treatment should be started at the first stage.

By the form of the disease

Dentists distinguish several forms of acute gingivitis:

1. Spicy catarrhal gingivitis. Caused by non-observance of oral hygiene, poor immunity of the patient's body. Symptoms are bleeding gums and inflammation.
2. Ulcerative necrotic form (gingivitis Vincent). It develops against the background of a catarrhal form, accompanied by an insufficient amount of vitamins in the patient's body. Acute ulcerative gingivitis is aggravated by bad habits. Symptoms: Small gums appear on the surface of the gums. ulcersthat is accompanied by bad breath.
3. Hypertrophic. The main reason for the development of this form is hormonal disruption in the patient's body, which is complemented by an insufficient amount of vitamin A in the human body. There are signs in the form swelling of the gums, which is accompanied by a change in its color.

Clinical signs in the photo:

Each of these forms requires the selection of individual therapeutic therapy.

By prevalence

The following types of gingivitis can be distinguished according to its prevalence:

1. Localized. The development of the inflammatory process occurs about 1–5 teeth. The patient constantly feels discomfort, which manifests itself in pain, swelling of the gums. This prevents a person not only from brushing their teeth, but also from eating.
2. Generalized. The inflammation affects the gums throughout the jaw. Among the reasons that lead to the development of this form of the disease, one can single out the presence on the surface of the teeth of a large amount of hard or soft plaque, smoking, immunodeficiency, insufficient amount of vitamin C in the patient's body, taking medications, pregnancy.

In the course of treatment, it is necessary to eliminate the factors that led to its development.

Signs in the photo:

Treatment activities

Diagnostics of the acute form of gingivitis is carried out by means of instrumental and visual examination. There is no need for additional diagnostics. You can establish the main cause of the development of the disease by finding out the medical history and examining the patient.

Treatment for acute gingivitis consists of several components. The main ones are:

1. Oral cavity sanitation. Dental is removed stone and plaque, caries treatment, tooth extraction, the restoration of which is impossible. These procedures will help to avoid further development of the inflammatory process.
2. Anti-inflammatory therapy (local). Rinsing with anti-inflammatory agents, the use of gels that promote wound healing (with herbal and natural ingredients).
3. General strengthening treatment. Patient intake of immunomodulators and vitamin complexes. Thanks to this, damaged tissues are restored, the body's protective properties are increased, aimed at destroying the infection.

At the initial stage of the treatment of gingivitis (catarrhal form), it is enough to clean your teeth with ultrasound. It will not be superfluous to undergo a course of gum hydromassage, physiotherapy and electrophoresis. This will help improve the trophic function of the gum tissue.

It is also possible to carry out medical treatment therapy. For this, the following means are used:

• Chlorhexidine (mouthwash);
• the use of oily solutions, which include vitamins;
• the use of sprays and ointmentswith antibacterial properties (Metrogyl, Romazulan, Holisal).

If the main cause of development is a hormonal disorder or a gastrointestinal disease, it is necessary to be examined by specialized specialists. In this case, you can get rid of the presence of local manifestations of the disease as a result of performing such drug therapy:

• applying dressings with antimicrobial ointments;
• well antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Metronidazole, Darsonval);
• injections of calcium chloride, glucose or calcium gluconate, are performed in gingival papillae.

Good results can be achieved through the use of traditional medicine recipes. For example, take a decoction made from 2 tbsp. tablespoons of lemon mint, 1 tbsp. tablespoons of dry blueberries, cattail root, pine buds or cones. Pre-grind all components and pour 2 tbsp. hot water. After boiling the liquid, remove the dishes from the heat and let it brew for 20-30 minutes. Strain, take a ready-made broth for 1/3 cup three times a day after meals. This broth can be moistened with a tampon and applied to the inflamed areas of the gums. The treatment continues until the final cure.

If the disease is accompanied by severe pain, you can boil dogwood bark in wine vinegar (1:10). Insist for 30 minutes, and then strain. Add a pinch of citric acid. Use the prepared solution to rinse the mouth before meals.

Self-treatment of acute gingivitis is not recommended.

Complications, consequences

Ulcerative gingivitis can lead to loose teeth. As a result, they become too mobile, which preserves the likelihood of their rapid loss. Lack of timely treatment leads to loosening of all teeth.

The inflammatory process of the catarrhal form can cause the development of necrotic ulcers. May develop:

• periodontitis;
• periodontitis;
• gum abscess;
• damage to the bony jaw.

Gingivitis is very dangerous for children. There is a risk of incorrect development of the dentition.

The hypertrophic form is also dangerous with the complete loss of teeth. Complicated course can provoke infection periodontium, as a result, the jaw tissue suffers. A transition to a necrotic form is possible, which is accompanied by ulcers and hematogenous lesions. Because of this, other organs suffer. Inflammation of the gums can lead to a malfunction of the digestive tract.

With timely treatment, complications do not develop. If you delay with therapy, you will have to spend a lot of effort, energy, and finances.

Acute gingivitis often develops into chronic gingivitis.

There is a risk of developing Vincent's angina. As a result of this process, ulcers appear on the gums. This complication is caused by a bacterial infection.

It is believed that gingivitis can provoke disturbances in the work of the cardiovascular system.

Gingivitis and diabetes mellitus are closely related. One disease can cause another. This is due to the presence of the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis. Once in the mouth, it provokes bleeding of the gums. If the bacterium is in the patient's blood, it can provoke a malfunction of the pancreas.

Prophylaxis

Gingivitis is not easy to cure. It is easier to prevent its development. To do this, you must follow some recommendations:

1. Brush your teeth at least 2 times a day brushed with medium bristle stiffness.
2. Maintain the surface of the teeth smooth and even.
3. After every meal, use dental floss.
4. Every 6 months spend professional hygiene oral cavity in the dental office.
5. Eat more tough fruits and vegetables.

These simple preventive procedures can help prevent acute illness.