Intraseptal anesthesia: indications and technique

Intraseptal anesthesia (another version of the name - intraseptal) is a type of anesthesia in which a solution is injected between the holes of the teeth into the septum of the bone. This type of anesthesia is used in the case of tooth extraction, tooth decay treatment, and operations on the soft areas of the oral cavity.

Advantages and disadvantages

The action of intraseptal anesthesia is based on the fact that the solution spreads in two ways:

1. Penetrates into the space of the bone marrow located near the dental sockets. At the same time, nerve endings are blocked. pulp and the root of the tooth.
2. penetrates into the blood vessels located in the bone marrow space and periodontium, due to which the analgesic spreads inside the vessels.

With the intraseptal type of anesthesia, nerve fibers are blocked not only in soft tissues, but also in bone, and periodontal exsanguination also occurs, due to which dentists manage to increase the pain relieving the effect. This type of anesthesia has several advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages of this type of pain relief include:

• deeper pain relief compared to conventional methods of anesthesia;
• due to the rapid blood clotting process that occurs when the solution is injected, dentists manage without complications carry out various surgical interventions in the periodontal tissues (curettage, implantation, and others);
• rapid development of the effect of pain relief (about 1 minute);
• rare occurrence of complications caused by injection;
• less risk of introducing infection into healthy tissues of the oral cavity.

This method also has significant disadvantages:

• the solution deprives the sensitivity of a limited area (usually 2 teeth), which includes only the tissues adjacent to the injection site;
• short duration of action of the anesthetic (up to 25 minutes), which is caused by the rapid resorption of the active substance;
• unpleasant taste properties of the analgesic, which the patient may feel if the solution accidentally flows out of the injection site.

Indications for use

This type of anesthesia is used in the following cases:

• treatment of carious teeth and all associated complications caries;
• operations on tooth extraction;
• curettage (cleansing periodontal pockets);
• implantation;
• patchwork operations;
• other types of surgical interventions performed within 2-3 teeth.

Dentists resort to intraseptal anesthesia in cases where other types of anesthesia are not effective enough. In addition, the use of this type of anesthesia is justified during operations when the jaw bones are "open".

Contraindications for this method include:

• inflammation of the mucosa membranes of the mouth;
• osteomyelitis;
• periodontitis in an acute form;
• chronic periodontitis in the stage of exacerbation;
• jaw periostitis.

Intra-septal anesthesia technique

The process of anesthesia consists in the fact that a needle with a solution analgesic injected into the bone tissue. To carry out this manipulation, doctors use a shortened needle, which is first inserted into the gum at an angle of 90 degrees, and about 0.2 ml of anesthetic gets into the tissue.

At the next stage, the needle is immersed even deeper until it reaches the surface of the bone: after that, another 0.3 ml of the substance is injected into the bone, in the area of ​​the interdental septum, to a depth of 2-2.5 mm. For injection, use a medical needle with a diameter of 0.4 mm and a length of 0.8 cm.

The doctor performing intraosseous anesthesia should take into account the peculiarities of the technique of the procedure and be extremely careful.

The difficulty is in determining the exact injection site. The ideal injection space is between adjacent teeth, with the needle entering the top of the septum, where the bone is least thick. In case of periodontal disease, the distance to the septum can change significantly, therefore, it is often recommended that the patient take x-rays of the jaw to accurately determine the location of the septum.

When administering a local analgesic, the dentist should feel resistance as the syringe moves. This indicates that the needle has entered correctly and the solution penetrates into the bone, and not into soft tissues. The anesthetic fluid should not enter the oral cavity, but if this happens, then the needle is re-inserted, plunging it deeper.

The method of intraseptal anesthesia is considered to be quite simple, but at the same time it is less traumatic and effective. Anesthesia does not bring post-injection pain to the patient, so the use of this type of anesthesia is ideal for many dental procedures. The high quality of this method prevents the appearance of fear with the patient, set him up for a calm and successful treatment.