All you need to know about telangiectasia: the causes and treatment

By telangiectasias is understood as the persistent expansion of small blood vessels. Outwardly this manifests itself as a network of small vascular asterisks.

Teleangiectasia is congenital and acquired.

Let's consider the causes of vascular reticular formation, their manifestations, ways to combat them.

Features of capillary nets

Healthy capillaries can not be seen with the naked eye. This is because their thickness is microscopically small - about 20 microns. However, as a result of certain diseases, they can increase. Because of this increase, the capillary becomes visible.

Thus, the bluish or red formations from the capillaries become noticeable on the skin. Because of this, telangiectasia is called vascular asterisks.

Asterisks from dilated blood vessels may appear on any part of the body. Perhaps the appearance of their eyes. Changes in the skin are also exposed to the neck, wings of the nose, mucous membranes. These formations have such features:

• do not protrude above the surface of the skin, nor do they pale if pressed;
• stand out against the background of the skin;
• show up in separate foci;
• can often experience secondary skin damage.

Telangiectasias are quite common among many categories of the population. So, they are about one third of people in the age group under 45.

It is noteworthy that it is the representatives of the beautiful half that are most susceptible to such changes. With age, the risk of telangiectasis is significantly increased. However, even newborns are not insured before the appearance of vascular asterisks.

Varieties and classification

Classify such formations in many ways. Primary telangiectasies are:

1. Hereditary ( hemorrhagic form ).In this case, the foci can occur in the mouth, on the soles of the feet, and the tips of the fingers. There are also more serious forms of the disease, when lesions occur in the bronchi, the gastrointestinal tract, the larynx and even the brain.
2. Hereditary .In this case, the meshes can be on a large area of ​​the skin. However, they are not present on the mucous membranes.
3. Ataxia of telangiectasia in most cases occurs at an early age. Red spots are possible on the conjunctiva, the septum of the nose, and also in the auricle. Characteristic is the appearance of a vascular sprocket on the knee or elbow fold.
4. The non-loid form of the is characterized by the appearance of small vascular points.
5. Generalized telangiectasia. This form of the disease is characterized by a gradual creeping of the spider veins along all limbs.
6. " Marble Leather " often comes from the moment of birth. Characteristic appearance on the skin of a specific mesh from the vessels. At the same time, it is increasing more and more from physical exertion.

In a photo of a variant of teleangiectasia

Secondary telangiectasias occur with:

• cancer;
• keratore;
• disorders in the formation of collagen, as well as estrogen;
• some reactions to implanted grafts.

The form of education is as follows:

• with tree ( located on the lower limbs), usually - dark blue saturated color;
• stellate - red, have a focus and a lot of divergent capillaries;
• spotted - with bright red coloration;
• linear - come on cheeks, on the face, red or bluish color.

Depending on which vessels are affected, telangiectasias are arterial, venous and capillary.

Teleangiectasia occurs on the skin of the face, lower and upper extremities, mucous membranes, and also on internal organs. The appearance of vascular mesh on the skin is a fairly common variant of the disease. Often they are common on the skin, nose, cheeks, etc. Far less often are telangiectasias on the mucous membranes - the respiratory or digestive system.

Vascular formations on internal organs appear least often. In this case, they are combined with aneurysms and other vascular pathologies.

What provokes the formation of asterisk-pointers

It is a mistake that such asterisks arise as a result of cardiovascular diseases or frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages. First of all, the described changes in the skin - a signal occurring in the body glitches hormonal background.

Sprockets also occur with such diseases:

• varicose veins;
• mastocidosis;
• dermatitis due to radiation;
• pigmentary xenoderma;
• certain diseases accompanied by atoxy;
• Raynaud's disease, primarily affecting the arteries;
• rosacea, as well as other skin pathologies.

Also the reasons for the appearance of telangiectasias are as follows:

• exposure to sunlight;
• effect of carcinogenic drugs;
• use of glucocorticosteroid drugs( they contribute to a change in hormonal balance in men and women);
• injury;
• bad habits( smoking and alcohol abuse);
• sedentary lifestyle;
• improper nutrition with the use of a large number of fast food and other harmful products;
• reception of hormonal contraceptive preparations;
• hereditary predisposition.

Clinical picture and its dependence on the causes of

The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of sprockets from dilated capillaries of red, bluish color. They are very different from normal skin, and therefore very noticeable.

Depending on the concomitant diseases, their symptoms may differ slightly:

1. If a person suffers from with systemic lupus erythematosus , in addition to the vascular "star", a patch of increased pigmentation appears on the skin. There are also lesions of the nail plates.
2. With the dermatomyositis , the appearance of such asterisks is accompanied by painful sensations. Pain in the fingertips is especially pronounced.
3. Scleroderma is characterized by a large form of formation. Most often they are localized on the face, on the hands or mucous membranes. The skin can also be focal spots of round, oval or polygonal shape.
4. In the Randu-Osler syndrome, hemorrhagic telangiectasias appear on the skin. Often, education can appear on the skin of the nose, tongue, and also on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.

Telangiectasia in newborns

Often enough, vascular asterisks may appear in young children. In this case, there is an expansion of blood vessels located close to the skin.

Outwardly they appear as specks with blurred contours, of an unclear pinkish color. When pressed, they become lighter. Typically, such asterisks are localized in newborns at the nape, open eyelid, nose, on the upper lip.

Usually, telangiectasias in children are congenital. Ataxia-telangiectasia is a fairly rare autoimmune disease, combined with immunodeficiency.

In ordinary cases, the spider veins do not require treatment, since they disappear with age. However, ataxia requires a responsible treatment approach.

Approach to diagnosis

First of all, a carefully collected history is extremely important for the diagnosis. In order to determine the disease, the doctor prescribes such studies:

• magnetic resonance imaging of the brain;
• chest radiography;
• blood and urine test;
• analysis for cholesterol;
• coagulation test;
• biochemical analysis;
• endoscopy;
• measurement of blood pressure;
• if necessary, a study of internal organs.

It is necessary to differentiate this disease from hemangioma. Hemangioma is a benign tumor formed from blood vessels. Such tumors happen already in the first days of a newborn's life.

A set of applied therapeutic measures

The aim of the treatment of the disease is to improve the condition of the vessels of the skin and get rid of the asterisks.

Depending on the reason for the formation of telangiectasia, the treatment will be different:

1. Conservative .Usually, for this purpose, drugs that inhibit fibrinolysis are used, they allow to stop small bleeding.
2. Sclerotherapy .In the affected vessel, a drug is added to glue the vascular wall. Such treatment should be combined with drug therapy.
3. Operation is necessary in order to remove a damaged capillary site. Such a damaged portion of the vessel is easily changed by a prosthesis.
4. Laser coagulation .
5. Cryocoagulation is the use for the treatment of telangiectasias of low temperatures.
6. Hormonal treatment of is carried out only if the hormonal background of the body is disrupted
7. When blood loss is carried out hemocomponent therapy .

Whether complications of

are possible With timely treatment, the probability of complications is minimal. In severe cases, such complications are possible:

• anemia of iron deficiency;
• profuse bleeding in the lung tissue or in the brain;
• appearance of paralysis or paresis;
• loss of consciousness;
• worsening of the internal organs.

For the prevention of

It is possible to significantly reduce the risk of developing such a disorder. For this it is necessary: ​​

• protect the skin from excessive sunlight;
• to use high-quality cosmetics;
• to abandon bad habits;
• to abandon fast food and enrich your diet with vegetables and fruits;
• harden, play sports, more to be outdoors;
• normalize weight;
• wear properly selected footwear, and if necessary - orthopedic;
• treat cardiovascular disease;
• undergo regular examinations.

In general, the prognosis of this disease is favorable. If the patient is on time for help, then full recovery is guaranteed.