Chronic gingivitis: catarrhal, hypertrophic, generalized, treatment, signs, ICD-10

Diseases of the oral cavity are often accompanied by inflammatory processes. Especially susceptible to them gum. One of the most famous inflammatory gum diseases is chronic gingivitis.

If you run such a serious problem and do not take care of your oral cavity, you can face serious complications.

What is this inflammation, ICD-10 code

Most often, the disease occurs in the area interdental papillae and along the edge of the gums. A person practically does not feel pain symptoms during remission and often ignores the problem.

Chronic gingivitis is one of the most common dental diseases that can develop in adults and children.

The ICD-10 code is K05.1.

Causes in adults and children

The disease can occur as a result of various reasons that have a bad effect on oral mucosa. The most common causes of chronic gingivitis in adults are:

• non-observance of the rules for oral care;
• inflammatory process in the gums;
• bleeding;
• tuberculosis;
• diabetes;
• mechanical damage to the gums;
• eating foods that contain a lot of acids;
• malocclusion;
• long-term use of drugs.

Common causes of chronic type development gingivitis in children:

• accumulation of microbes that provoke the development of pathogenic microflora;
• mechanical damage to the gums;
• eating junk food;
• malocclusion, improper chewing process;
• long teething.

The reasons may be associated with problems in the digestive system, as well as with the method of cleaning tooth enamel. Brushing your teeth too often leads to inflammation and inflammation, as does poor hygiene.

Types of chronic gingivitis

By etiology

For the reason that provoked the appearance of the disease, the following forms stand out:

1. Traumatic - inflammation occurs as a result of mechanical damage to the gums. For example, incorrect installation prostheses, using a hard toothbrush, and so on.
2. Chemical. The causes of inflammation are intoxication with harmful substances, as well as tobacco smoking in large volumes.
3. Thermal - associated with gum burns.
4. Gingivitis resulting from a decrease in the protective properties of the immune system.
5. The drug form appears as a result of prolonged use of drugs.
6. Infectious - occurs as a result of the accumulation of bacteria that cause damage. Most often, this type of disease develops as a side effect after infections.

By prevalence

Gingivitis is classified in the following forms:

• papillitis or gingival polyp - an inflammatory process in the gingival papilla;
• marginal form - the occurrence of a lesion of the gingival margin;
• focal - has a specific focus of occurrence;
• generalized - manifested by massive damage to the gums.

By the nature of the flow

Depending on the degree of manifestation of symptoms, the following are distinguished:

• mild - affects the area between teeth;
• moderate severity - manifested by inflammation in the area between the teeth and along the gingival margin;
• severe form - manifested by complete damage to the gums.

By the nature of the inflammatory process

By the nature of the inflammation, the following types are distinguished:

1. Catarrhal gingivitis most often develops in childhood, with timely treatment, it quickly decreases its intensity. Chronic catarrhal type is manifested by unpleasant itching in the inflamed area, bleeding during brushing teeth, bad breath.
2. Ulcerative necrotic type - in the area of ​​the inflammatory process appears ulcerthat bleeds and gives a person discomfort.
3. Hypertrophic - manifested by the growth of the gums. Chronic hypertrophic appearance is a productive inflammation in the lamina propria of the gingival mucosa.
4. Atrophic - manifested by a decrease in gingival volume.

The latter form can lead to complete exposure of the roots of the teeth.

Special morphological types

Special forms of chronic gingivitis:

1. Desquamative - proceeds in the form of bubbles and stains with impurities pus.
2. The granulomatous form manifests itself in small red spots on the gums and mouth.

Clinical signs

The clinical signs of chronic gingivitis depend on the form of the disease. They can be summarized as follows:

• swelling of the gums;
• pain;
• bad breath;
• bleeding gums;
• burning during hygiene procedures;
• increase or decrease in gingival volume;
• red border;
• plaque;
• deposition dental calculus;
• metal taste in the mouth;
• partial overlap of the gingival crown of the tooth;
• increased salivation.

Symptoms may worsen after eating. With a close examination, a person will be able to see the redness of the gums and the feeling ripples in the focus of the disease.

Differential diagnosis

To identify the degree of development of the disease, the following tests are prescribed:

• external examination of the affected area;
• dental radiography;
• the use of the Schiller-Pisarev method, during which a solution is applied to the gums, showing the degree of inflammation;
• detection of microbial plaque using special samples;
• blood test.

After examining the patient, the specialist determines the type of disease, after examination - the history of the disease, and additional tests are prescribed to identify the form and cause.

How is the treatment carried out?

Treatment for gingivitis depends on the degree of the disease, as well as on the individual characteristics of the person's oral cavity. Among the commonly used methods of treatment, it is necessary to highlight:

1. Oral cavity sanitation involves the elimination of microbial plaque and the removal of damaged areas. Decayed teeth removed - this reduces the risk of spreading the disease.
2. Drug therapy includes the following methods:

• application antiseptics - they allow you to eliminate microorganisms, reduce the process of inflammation;
• usage antibiotics, the action of which is aimed at reducing the process of inflammation and eliminating microbes, Metronidazole, Tetracycline are prescribed;
• pain relievers drugs - to reduce discomfort during meals, such as Ketofen;
• local preparations - to eliminate microbes and relieve the inflammatory process, for example, Metrogyl Denta, Holisal.

1. Strengthening immunity with vitamin therapy.
2. Traditional medicine is aimed at eliminating inflammation, suitable for milder stages:

• chamomile decoction - reduces the inflammatory process;
• oak bark - used to eliminate bleeding and swelling of the gums;
• tincture of calendula - reduces inflammation and eliminates microbes that cause pathogenic microflora.

Treatment of gingivitis in a chronic course is prescribed individually for each patient, it is not recommended to self-medicate.

Consequences, forecast

With timely treatment, the disease is easily treatable. In advanced cases, the following complications may occur:

• periodontitis;
• loosening of teeth;
• damage to the skeletal system;
• damage to the entire oral cavity.

The disease can provoke complete loss of teeth and the spread of the disease to other organs.

Prophylaxis

The following methods can help reduce the risk of developing chronic gingivitis:

• choose the right pasta and brush for cleaning teeth;
• carefully follow all oral care measures;
• every six months to be observed by a dentist;
• rinse oral cavity after eating with the use of special rinses;
• saturate the body vitamins.

It is also necessary to give up bad habits, do not use sharp objects to clean the interdental spaces from food debris.