Dental unit: classification, how to choose, handpieces, hoses, water-air gun

A dental unit is a specialized equipment for dental treatment. The dental unit combines mechanical, electrical and hydraulic devices and mechanisms.

The complex includes: a dental chair, a block of instruments, an aspiration system, a lighting block, a bottle with distilled water.

Instrument functions

Each part of the installation has a specific function:

• patient chair - the place where the visitor is located; the adjustment creates a comfortable position for the patient and convenient for the dentist's work;
• a block of instruments or a block of a doctor is the main element on which the implementation of therapeutic measures depends;
instagram viewer
• aspiration system or assistant unit - responsible for the hygiene side, is auxiliary in work;
• polymerization lamp - needed for filling, installing dental implants and prostheses;
• a bottle of clean water - for hygiene;
• lighting - to clearly see the desired area of ​​the oral cavity.

In the complex, all functions allow for qualified treatment of diseases of the teeth and gums.

Device

Doctor block

Ostomy doctor block. The installation includes a drill, additional tools and lighting fixtures. The unit is equipped with electric motors.

They are of two types:

1. Low-speed - rotor speed up to 30 thousand per minute.
2. High-speed (turbine) - up to 50 thousand revolutions.

The motors provide the right burr speed for the operation. In addition, the package may include low-power electric and pneumatic motors for simple procedures with crowns, prostheses - as well as for precise work with premolars and molars.

Composition of tools:

• water-air gun - for irrigation and drying of the oral cavity, powered by a compressor;
• ultrasonic scyler - for cleaning the surface of the teeth from plaque and tartar.

The lighting fixtures are made of optical fiber.

There are pedals on the dentist's unit for control drill and tools.

Assistant unit

Block assistant consists of saliva ejector systems, vacuum cleaner and hydraulic unit. These elements are related to each other.

The valve body includes a "spittoon", automatic cup filler and rinse aid. The salivary fluid enters the flushing system through the spittoon. The bowl is glass or ceramic, it can be fixed in one place or have a rotation function. The sink of the glass has a water purifying filter.

Saliva ejector - needed to remove fluid and salivary secretions, they immediately enter the flush system.

Vacuum cleaner - cleans the oral cavity from antiseptic mixture and other medicines.

In addition, the assistant element contains pedals for adjusting the position of the patient chair.

Lighting

The lighting unit is designed to supply light around the entire perimeter of the working area. It consists of a halogen lamp and a vertical support on which the lamp is mounted.

The halogen lamp has several powers. Sometimes a halogen lighting fixture is replaced by an LED one.

The support is called a "dental bracket". With its help, doctors can set the lamp in any convenient position and fix it - the bracket can move up and down vertically, and left and right horizontally.

In addition, handles and reflectors belong to lighting devices.

The package may include a cooler in the form of a fan.

Aspiration system

The aspiration system is designed for the disposal of waste in the form of small particles and liquids. Hoses of the vacuum cleaner and saliva ejector, as well as a "spittoon" and a water-air gun are connected to the aspiration system.

The system includes:

• aspiration unit;
• vacuum generator;
• separator.

The suction unit is located behind the cuspidor position. It is mounted on a movable arm, which greatly expands the range of motion. It contains hoses and control pedals. The position of the handpieces in the visitor's mouth is under the control of an assistant. In addition to the adjacent, there is an autonomous version of the location of the aspiration system.

A vacuum generator is needed for high efficiency of suction systems.

There are 3 types of generators, depending on how the vacuum is created:

1. Air-water - high pressure water or air flows are involved.
2. Air - the air flow is set in motion by the rotation of the fan blades, which, in turn, is powered by an electric motor.
3. Water - the generator of the water flow is a turbine, also driven by a motor.

The separator retains liquid, dust, small particles - later they enter the flush system. Its function is to prevent unnecessary items from entering the vacuum pump. It is located under the thicket of the spittoon or on the aspiration system - but it can also be autonomous.

Distilled water bottle

Distilled water is involved in most processes - preparation of solutions, in the operation of instruments (water-air gun, suction system).

The bottle is mounted on a tripod or hidden inside the unit. Water enters the hose ends.

The water supply process starts the compressor.

LED curing light

The lamp is needed so that it can harden photocomposite - a component that is part of seals, gaskets, compounds and ensures their reliability and long service life.

There are several types of lamps:

1. Halogen - polymerization is provided by tungsten filament, halogen gas and an interfering filter.
2. LED - light is generated by the energy of electrons.
3. Plasma arc - high-voltage voltage is used between the electrodes.
4. Laser.

The most popular are the first 2 options, since they provide a smooth hardening of the composite, preventing the material from "sinking".

Ajax aj16 video review:

Types of installations

According to the location inside the cabinet, the units are stationary and mobile.

Stationary

Connected to the floor and rigidly fixed.

Classification according to the location of the supply of tools is divided into upper and lower:

• type with top feed - has short sleeves, which causes some inconvenience to the doctor during work;
• bottom feed type - on the contrary, the sleeves are too long and care must be taken that the sleeve tip does not fall out when inserted into the socket.

It is important to keep the instrument compartments clean - they quickly accumulate dirt.

Portable

Mobile units can be easily moved around the perimeter of the office. The layout of the dentist's workplace is easy to model. Absolutely any chair is suitable for working with a mobile unit.

Drive types

The drive is a device for transferring energy from the installation to the handpieces, the most significant part of the drill.

Actuators are classified according to the type of tip installation:

1. Air - tips are installed at the end of the sleeve. These can be turbine handpieces, air micromotors, handpieces for professional hygiene and oral cavity cleaning, built-in air micromotors on air hoses (mounted with a connector) and handpieces designed for endodontic operations.
2. Electrical - electric micromotors are installed on them. The motors are brushless and brushless, as well as piezoelectric scellers.

There is another classification option - according to the type of rotation transfer from the engine to the handpiece:

1. Rigid sleeves - has rigid transmissions with cords, consisting of many links.
2. Flexible sleeves - has transmissions with flexible wire shafts.
3. Sleeveless transmissions - instead of sleeves, electric and pneumatic electric motors are fixed or even built into the handpiece.

Each type should be discussed separately.

Hard

Rigid sleeves are equipped with devices in which the rotor makes from 10 to 30 thousand revolutions in 60 seconds. The rotating motion is transmitted from an electric motor located inside the apparatus to the handpieces.

The constituent elements of the sleeve:

• tip holder;
• first and second knee;
• kernel;
• a cord that is pulled over all parts of the structure.

Drills, where the rotational speed of the bur is up to 10 thousand in 60 seconds, do not need a coolant supply to the working tool. If the speed reaches 30 thousand in 60 seconds, then the device needs cooling. The coolant is air, water or their combination.

Special tubes are attached to the sleeve through which cooling is supplied to the instrument.

Turbine

Used in turbine installations. It transfers compressed air and a cooling compound from the engine to the handpiece or motor. The sleeve is a hose. Manufacturing material - rubber or PVC.

Inside the sleeve are small rubber tubes and sometimes fiber optic. The sleeve is fixed using connectors on both sides: for the tip and for installation.

Flexible

It is used less and less, only in cars, the speed of which is 10 thousand revolutions in 60 seconds.

The components of the sleeve are:

• flexible shaft;
• elastic long spiral.

Together they form a movable rod. The upper end of the sleeve is connected to the shaft of the electric motor. The lower end has an additional flexible shaft for greater maneuverability. The shaft is protected by a case, and on top - by a tube made of cloth or plastic. A tip holder is installed at the free end.

Classes

In terms of staffing, technical capabilities, clinical and aesthetic qualities, as well as the cost of stomatology. the installations are divided into three groups.

Economy

The number of functions in these installations does not exceed the required at the minimum level. It takes a little longer to work with them because the doctor needs to change instruments more often. The mechanism is of high quality, comfortable for both the doctor and the patient. The design is modest, not distinguished by sophistication.

Examples: "Unik T Standart", "QL-2028" (Pragmatic), "AJ AX AJ11".

Video review "QL-2028" (Pragmatic)

Business

The quality is higher. The range of adjustments is higher. The possibility of using and adjusting a wide range of instruments is available - accordingly, such a mechanism allows doctors to perform a significant amount of work in a short period of time.

The equipment includes additional equipment - this is a photopolymerization device, an ultrasonic piezoelectric scaler, tip illumination and other devices.

The control system has control functions, it is more convenient and ergonomic. The price category is average. Equipment of this particular category is most often used in clinics.

Examples: KaVo PRIMUS 1058 S, Chirana Denta l (Diplomat Lux), Tempo 9, Ajax 18, DARTA 3000.

Ajax 18 video review:

Elite

Only the most advanced technologies are used to manufacture the premium class. The functionality has been expanded, especially in the field of programming - control from a computer, on the monitor you can observe the condition of the teeth - even the most microscopic nuances are visible.

The equipment is distinguished by its original design and individual stylish design. Highest price category.

Examples: KaVo ESTETICA E80 T, Stern Weber, Planmeca.

KaVo ESTETICA presentation

Pros and cons of various drills

The main disadvantage of machines with short sleeves is that during the work the doctor has to constantly monitor the location of the nozzles and handpieces. The system has an automatic return to its original place - but the sleeves are too short and therefore require supervision.

For the lower supply of devices, the problem of rapid contamination of storage areas is urgent.

Economy-class installations limit the choice of accessories and thus reduce the pace of work, which inconvenient for a large clinic with a large flow of patients - but suitable for a private dental clinic cabinet.

Systems with a laser lamp instead of an LED one are worse when creating a polymerization background - the photocomposite manages to "settle" on the teeth without forming properly.

The disadvantage of the premium class is that the prices are sometimes too high.

Basically, modern dental devices are reliable, durable and multifunctional in operation.

Installation tips

A handpiece in dentistry is a mechanical device by means of which an instrument is given a movement in a certain direction at a required speed. The tip also fixes the device.

Handpieces for dental units are divided into the following types:

• angular (cannot be combined with motors and mounting adapters from two different manufacturers at the same time);
• straight;
• turbine;
• specialized.

The drive type can be electric or air (for low speed).

The parts are connected to the hoses of the drill in the following ways:

• straight line - end switches are screwed onto the hose;
• fast - using a thread;
• transitional - from one thread to another, used when working with flexible hoses.

The air supply types are divided into two, four and six-channel connections.

Performance characteristics:

1. Ergonomic. The backlight can be made using the fiber optics method, it can be a hard light guide - but a protective coating must be present everywhere. The vibration level is low.
2. Hygienic. There must be a valve to prevent infection from the oral cavity from entering the arms of the machine.
3. Technical. Bearings type - air, metal, ceramic. The size of the rotor head affects the force and power indicators, as well as the accessibility of the instrument to the prepared tooth.
4. Cooling - two, three, and four point system.

The handpieces include the following mechanisms:

• micromotors with and without a brush;
• piezoelectric scaler;
• air micromotor;
• turbine handpiece;
• handpieces with built-in micromotors;
• preventive;
• devices for working with crowns and bridges.

Selection criteria - which dental unit to buy?

The choice of the device is determined by the qualifications of the doctor (orthopedist, surgeon), how many patients need to be served during the day, what is the principle of work ("four-handed" or not), budget, as well as wishes for construction and design.

You should trust trusted, proven manufacturers. These are KaVo (Germany), A-dec (USA), Swident (Switzerland), Clesta Belmot (Japan), Planmeca (Finland), OMS (Italy). To choose the right one, you need to prioritize yourself in the criteria.

Equipment

A standard machine should be equipped with a workstation for a doctor and an assistant. For greater convenience, the set should include chairs for a doctor and an assistant, a table.

When choosing, you should think about whether a mobile or stationary device is required in the office, which one is more convenient. How fast the doctor can work - it will be difficult for novice specialists to change instruments quickly in a machine with a minimum of sleeves.

For therapeutic work, a minimum of instruments are suitable, for surgical work, a larger set is needed.

Price

Prices on the market range from 80 thousand to half a million. The most expensive cars are produced by firms from the USA, Germany, Italy. We are talking about elite models.

The middle price category - the most popular - is represented by domestic, American, South Korean, and European manufacturers. The choice is very large. The most affordable products are from Brazil and China.

But the Brazilian manufacturer still falls short in quality, while Chinese firms offer good quality at low prices.

Reliability and quality

These criteria depend on the material of manufacture, build quality and fastening. For example, electromechanical seat lifts are considered more durable than hydraulic ones.

It is also important to pay attention to the quality of the plastic coating, the presence of antibacterial impregnation in soft materials, and fire protection. The stronger and more reliable the material, the longer the device will last.

Service

Repair and installation of the dental unit must be carried out in time so that the device will serve as long as possible. Usually trading platforms selling goods for dental needs cooperate with repair services dental equipment - you can find out the coordinates of specialists when buying, as well as conclude a contract for service.

Ergonomics

The comfort of the patient and the quality of the work of doctors depend on the level of noise, vibration, position in the chair, and the location of the blocks. Ventilation should not be neglected if required.

The lighting should be bright enough. It is worth paying special attention to the position of the head and neck in the patient's chair: the seat should not exert pressure on the vessels.

Vibration is also important - too frequent vibrations are extremely unpleasant for all participants in the process, and can cause poor health.

It is impossible to imagine the work of a dentist without installation. This is a complex mechanical and electrical device that combines a whole complex of systems.

Modern devices are constantly being improved, which improves the quality of the treatment. A beautiful snow-white smile is becoming more accessible to everyone.