Denture plastic: acrylic, monomer-free, Japanese, Sinma M, Perflex

Every year the average age of the population with missing teeth decreases. This happens for various reasons, primarily due to poor leaving and lack of prevention.

Despite this, modern orthopedic dentistry offers for the treatment and restoration of lost functions of teeth various materials. Each is unique and offers benefits depending on the clinical situation. Plastic is especially popular in the manufacture of prostheses.

Plastic and its types

Plastic crowns are used most often for a short period as temporary prosthesiswhile the permanent anchorage crown is being manufactured:

• with defects in the coronal part of the anterior teeth in the upper and lower jaw;
• when an abnormal dental shape interferes with the normal functioning of other teeth;
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• for splinting several teeth in case of diseases periodontium;
• manufacturing of plastic removable dentureswhen all or most of the teeth are missing.

Plastic crowns have disadvantages:

• porosity;
• insufficient strength relative to other options;
• instability to the action of microbes.

but plastic dentures are often made not from ordinary plastic, but from its special varieties, which have important properties and expand the possibilities of use in the field of prosthetics.

Acrylic

Acrylic resin for removable dentures is the most popular because it has optimal characteristics of hardness and strength. At the same time, the material is very light, in color it matches the soft tissues of the oral cavity as much as possible. Ease of production allows you to install on this acrylic dentures very affordable prices.

A prosthesis made of acrylic plastic costs from 12,000 rubles (full) and from 4,000 rubles (partial).

Monomeric

Monomer-free plastic Acry Free - a new material that contains acrylic resins. Has high strength and durability. When working, it is very elastic, does not require complex hygienic care, and is highly biocompatible with fabrics. The main advantage is the lack of need preparation dental tissues.

Prices for prostheses made of Acri Free material reach 30,000 rubles.

Baseline

The base plastic has high hardness, strength, and low water permeability. It can be used as a lining to the base of a removable prosthesis - it reduces its pressure on the underlying tissues, prevents mechanical irritation mucous membrane, promotes a better fit.

Colorless

Colorless plastic is intended for the manufacture of upper and lower dentures jawwhen the use of colored species is contraindicated. It is characterized by good strength and high transparency. Accurately conveys the shape of the prosthesis.

Japanese

Japanese plastic (YAMAHACHI Re-Fine Bright, Pattern Bright) is the leader in production self-hardening plastic in Japanese industry.

The material of this manufacturer has minimal shrinkage, high modeling properties.

It is used in many types of removable and non-removable prosthetics.

Sinma M

Sinma M - this type of plastic is mainly used for cladding fixed dentures (stamped-soldered, solid crowns), less often for a stand-alone setting.

The material has high plastic properties with a relatively long period of operation, as well as cosmetic due to the possibility of layer-by-layer application.

Perflex

Perflex is the leader in modern thermoplastic plastics. The Perflex material has high plastic, strength characteristics, is easy to use and is well biocompatible with living tissues. Can be used for removable and non-removable prosthetics.

For repairing dentures

Plastic for repairing dentures is a hot and cold self-curing material that allows repair of removable structures in the presence of the patient. It is noteworthy that it does not require equipment, while qualitatively restoring the initial shape of the prosthesis.

You can learn what to do in the event of a broken prosthesis from our material.

Other options for prosthetics

Before deciding what is best for prosthetics, you need to have an idea of ​​what other materials, besides plastic, are used to make teeth.

Metal

Cast all-metal crowns are made when:

• dental defects of any origin;
• impossibility of filling;
• strong abrasion of teeth;
• as splinting for periodontal diseases;
• the manufacture of removable dentures - as a support,
• implantationif the root part of the tooth is destroyed.

Metal stamped and stamped-brazed crowns are used with the same indications as cast, but inferior in quality to them. This is due to the following reasons: they are made in layers, therefore, they have a sufficiently voluminous frame and not such an accurate shape transfer; aesthetic properties (gloss, surface smoothness) are worse.

The higher price of cast all-metal crowns is also due to the fact that a greater amount of dental tissue is retained during turning, as well as the possibility of choosing the metal - alloys of nickel and chromium, cobalt and chromium, titanium, silver and gold.

Ceramics

Porcelain (ceramic) crowns as well as plastic crowns are mainly used for temporary fixed prosthetics. During the production of permanent crowns, they protect the dental stump from physical and chemical influences (caries, exposure to saliva).

The advantages include good aesthetic properties, and the disadvantages include low strength.

Sintered metal

Fixed method of prosthetics with crowns made of cermets is the most popular. Porcelain, applied in layers on a metal frame, provides a high aesthetics of the structure in color and transparency, which is almost indistinguishable from real teeth. This ensures the strength and durability of the structure.

The patient chooses at his own discretion what the crown will be made of - nickel chrome, cobalt-chromium alloys, silver, gold, titanium, depending on his taste and financial capabilities. All these factors make it possible to consider cermet the best option for prosthetics.

Metal-ceramic crowns are shown for manufacturing when:

• defects of the coronal part of the teeth of any origin;
• anomalies in the size of the tooth, incorrect position in the row;
• the need for restoration of the anterior group of teeth, which requires increased aesthetics;
• periodontitiswhen you need to splinter;
• staging bridge prosthesis, removable orthopedic structures (serve as a supporting part);
• implantation of any group of teeth - as they meet the criteria of strength and aesthetics;
• intolerance to other materials.

The disadvantages of this design can only be attributed to the fact that fixation requires significant grinding of hard dental tissues. Therefore, children and adolescents with the presence of a live pulp, as well as those with small, flat crowns, metal-ceramic prosthetics will be contraindicated.

Composites

This type of material is the most popular in direct dental prosthetics (filling) in the presence of the patient. But this method will be suitable only in case of minor destruction of the coronal part. If we talk about full-fledged fixed prosthetics, then here composites can be used in such variants:

1. Metal frame cladding future crown or bridge construction. In this case, they cannot serve as a full-fledged restoration structure due to insufficient strength, but in combination with metal they will recreate high quality and aesthetics.
2. Adhesive bridge prosthetics, the distinctive advantage of which is the possibility of little or no preparation of abutment teeth. The essence of the technique consists in fixing a special plate with the help of composite materials between the necessary teeth, then on which an artificial acrylic prosthesis is fixed in the same way.

The advantages of composites include a large selection of different colors for restorations, which allows perform work on all groups of teeth, as well as the ability to preserve living tissues, for example, if a patient - child or a teenager.

Disadvantages - relatively high cost and the need to use in combination with other materials for prosthetics.

Nylon

This material is a novelty in dentistry. It is used for the manufacture of removable structures with partial or complete absence of teeth. Its uniqueness is that it is fixed in the oral cavity without the help of a metal wire, this function is performed by its specific organic composition. Another advantage is the flexibility of nylon, absolute invulnerability to microflora, affordable price.

Disadvantages - when wearing a prosthesis without absolute medical indications, atrophy of the bone tissue on which it rests can occur. The nylon structure should be cleaned on professional equipment in a dental laboratory every 2-3 months, which complicates its care.

Impression materials in orthopedic dentistry

Impression or impression materials are subdivided into three main types.

Solid

The main representative is gypsum. It can be used in the manufacture of removable, non-removable structures. But gypsum has a lot of shortcomings - when a hardened impression is removed from the patient's oral cavity, it cracks and breaks, aspiration (getting into the pharyngeal cavity or respiratory tract), a fragment is also possible.

Inadvertently healthy teeth can be extracted with the plaster cast, as there is a strong fixation. All this complicates the doctor's work with this material. Perhaps the only advantage of gypsum is its low cost.

Elastic

They are divided into two types:

1. Alginate masses: the material has high elastic properties, clearly reproduces the boundaries of the prosthetic bed, inexpensive. But it has significant drawbacks - it gives significant shrinkage after hardening, which makes it necessary to immediately cast plaster diagnostic models (inconvenience for the doctor). To obtain a high-quality alginate mass for taking impressions, you need to use powder and liquid. With their not quite optimal ratio, the result is unsatisfactory and requires redoing, which also complicates the task for the doctor.
2. Silicone masses: the most popular material in modern dentistry, used for many types of prosthetics. It is quite simple to work with; when preparing two-layer impressions, high accuracy of the filmed prosthetic bed is ensured. Flexible, elastic, easily removed from the oral cavity, has an optimal price. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using in some cases.

Thermoplastic

The group is represented by - Stens, Acrodent, Ortokor, Dentafol. In modern dental practice, they are not widely used due to their strong shrinkage, uncomfortable consistency (deformed when removing casts from the oral cavity), are used with full adentia, manufacturing of half-crowns, individual impression trays.

How to make a choice: which material is better

First of all, the doctor, depending on the specific situation, recommends the patient to choose the necessary material from a certain list.

For example, if a patient needs to make a removable denture for all teeth, metal or cermets will not be relevant for him at all. Conversely, when long-term restoration of the coronal part of specific teeth is required, it would be a poor option to use plastic or ceramics, since they do not have high strength.

But if you choose, for example, for fixed prosthetics between metal and cermets, then the choice is completely will depend on the desire and financial capacity of the patient, since the designs differ only in external mind.

For a child, adolescent, composite materials are also perfect for restoring one or several teeth, because it will be possible to preserve the adjacent teeth.

For an elderly patient who is completely edentulous and needs to make a removable prosthesis from plastic, the choice of a particular option will depend mainly on his resources. And if he expresses his readiness to carefully look after his structure, then nylon can be used, it is more convenient to use and aesthetic.