Synthetic osteoplastic (bone) materials in surgical dentistry, osteoinduction

For a long time, scientists have developed different methods that would promote growth bone tissue.

At the moment, there are several developments that allow her to recover, one of them is the use of synthetic and natural osteoplastic materials.

Features of bone replacement materials

Osteoplastic materials - substances that contain collagen and polysaccharide chains.

The development of inflammation and invasion leads to dysfunction of the epithelium, which is one of the main reasons for the deconstruction of tissues directly next to the bone. For restoration in surgical dentistry, osteoplastic materials are used, which are based on collagens. They are also called bone replacement and plastic.

Collagen benefits:

• low toxicity;
• minimal risk of tissue rejection from the body;
• high strength.

Osteoplastic materials are used as:

• stimulating tissue growth;
• the formation of salt and calcium;
• effects on undifferentiated cells.

Properties:

1. Biocompatibility both with tissues and with additional constructions that can be inserted from the outside of the tooth (for example, braces) or inside (in the form pin). Contact with any material does not lead to an allergic reaction and inflammation.
2. Osteoinduction. The material stimulates cells to actively develop, which allows new bone to form.
3. Filling the holes formed due to its structure.
4. Creation of a mechanical barrierwhich prevents the formation of soft tissue in the bone defect.
5. Osteoconductivity - the formation of a scaffold that encourages bone tissue to form correctly.

Main types by source

Autografts

Autografts are natural bone tissue. They are considered natural because they are taken from other materials suitable for surgical and dental operations.

A big advantage is the minimal chances of rejection. And from the disadvantages can be noted the intervention in the tissue site to obtain material. The site of transplantation is often the femur, rib or vault of the skull.

Allografts

Allografts or as close as possible to the above. The only difference is that the material is taken from another person (donor).

The advantage is that there is no reoperation in the same patient. This method is very popular in a critical situation when, due to health reasons, it is impossible to carry out an operation. The disadvantage is the high probability of tissue rejection.

Xenografts

Xenografts or xenogenic bone materials. The sampling is carried out directly from cattle. The structure of the bone in animals of this kind has osteoconductive properties, which are used as a framework. The method is popular only for sinus lifting (increase in tissue volume).

Synthetic (alloplastic) materials

Alloplastic or synthetic implants are often used in the treatment of dental tissue. These include:

1. Hydroxyapatite Is a mineral that is the base of bones and tooth enamel. In composition, it resembles white cereals with different sizes. In dentistry as an element, strengthening teeth.
2. Bioactive glass - a mixture of glass particles. It interacts well with other materials and is mainly used in orthopedic dentistry. The particles contain oxides of phosphorus and silicon, and the appearance resembles a glass mound.
3. Calcium carbonate. In other words, it is chalk that affects the enamel of the teeth.
4. Gypsum - a natural substance that is actively used in dentistry to correct bite and manufacturing prostheses.

Combined

There are also combined osteoplastic implants (alloplastic and xenogenic bone grafting materials). Combined implants are due to the fact that it is not always possible to take as much material as is exactly enough.

Varieties by purpose

Osteoneutral implants

Osteoneutral implants are mainly used to fill holes. They are a foreign body, which serves as a kind of support for recovery. These implants are:

• absorbable;
• non-absorbable;
• metal.

Osteoconductive

Osteoconductive bone substitutes are bone scaffolds. Subdivided into:

• alloplastic, which also include:
  • hydroxyapatite is porous and not;
  • biological glass;
  • calcium.
• allogeneic materials, which are classified as limited and not;
• porous xeno implants.

Osteoinductive

Osteoinductive materials renew ligament growth. Are divided into:

• demineralized and lyophilized alloimplants;
• autografts located:
  • in the mouth (chin, upper jaw, bone mixture);
  • outside the mouth (thigh, ilium).

Manufacturers, brands of bone substitutes

There are various osteotropic materials and preparations, among which the most significant are distinguished.

Bialgin

Bialgin is used to restore bone defects in maxillofacial surgery, in addition to restoring bone tissue.

Release form: synthesized granules, which contain calcium hydroxyapatite. The granules themselves are in a glass ampoule.

The resorption period is 10 days.

Country Russia.

Manufacturer - Biomed.

This manufacturer has existed on the market for more than 10 years and during this time has established itself on the positive side. It sells not only products for dentists, but also medical equipment, as well as medicines.

Cerasorb

Cerasorb is used to fill bone defects.

It is usually used in maxillofacial surgery to repair damaged tissue.

Release form: granules, which contain tricalcium phosphate.

Destruction period: from 1 to 2 years.

Country: Germany.

Manufacturer - Curasan.

In Germany, this manufacturer is quite popular and has many advantages when ordering from him:

1. Fast delivery not only within Germany, but also to other countries.
2. Has certificates of conformity.
3. Almost all medications are available.

Hydroxyapol

Hydroxyapol is the brand name of hydroxyapatite (granules and powder), produced by Polistom CJSC, which fills the formed defects.

Release form: high-temperature ceramics in the form of powder, granules and blocks. Feature - partially destructible material.

Country Russia.

Manufacturer - Polistom.

A manufacturer that is well known in the dental community. It has on sale all the goods that are needed in dentistry.

You can place an order from this manufacturer either by phone or through the website.

Durapatite

Durapatite fills in bone defects in the oral cavity.

Country - United States of America.

Producer - Interpor International Irvin.

Release form - non-porous hydroxyapatite.

Does not dissolve.

Osteograph / LD

It is used for leveling bone defects.

Country: Germany.

Manufacturer - DENTSPLY Friadent.

Release form - porous hydroxyapatite.

Does not dissolve.