Rhomboid glossitis of the tongue: treatment, photos, complications, care

The appearance of an atrophic area on the dorsum of the tongue with a feeling of dryness and burning is a clinical sign of a rhomboid glossitis. By its nature, it can arise as an independent disease or as a consequence candidal lesions oral cavity.

This pathological process is mainly affected by the male sex between the ages of 30 and 50, children and women are much less likely to get sick.

Features and causes of the inflammatory process

Rhomboid glossitis is a chronic inflammatory process in the center of the tongue.

Its distinctive feature is the appearance of a hearth that resembles a rhombus or oval in shape. However, it causes papillary atrophy.

Even the fact that this pathology is common is considered not fully understood. Practitioners believe that the following factors are the impetus for the development of this disease:

• pathological addiction to drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking;
• pathogenic microflora (fungus of the genus candida);
• decreased immune status of the body;
• digestive tract diseases and diabetes mellitus;
• insufficient intake of vitamins.

Symptoms and forms of the disease

Symptoms of median glossitis in the photo:

The main manifestation of rhomboid glossitis of the tongue is the presence of an inflamed focus along the central line of the tongue, therefore this form is called median. In length, the atrophic area can reach 5 centimeters, and up to 2 cm in width.

The clinical picture, depending on the form of pathology, is described in the table.

It should be borne in mind that frequent mechanical damage to the atrophic area against the background of a reduced immune status of the body can cause the pathology to turn into a malignant form.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures begin with an examination of the oral cavity and the collection of anamnesis data. After listening to the patient's complaints, palpation is performed along the midline of the tongue. With this pathology, compacted tissue will be palpated, and atrophic areas are visually observed, resembling a rhombus or oval in configuration.

To clarify the diagnosis, a bacteriological and cytological examination is prescribed. This allows you to make differential diagnosis with such pathological processes as:

• syphilis or tuberculosis;
• candidiasis or lichen planus;
• papillomatosis or malignant formation.

How is the treatment carried out?

After confirming the diagnosis, diamond-shaped glossitis is performed oral cavity sanitation (treatment caries and removal dental calculus).

For the entire period of the treatment process, the patient needs to reject spicy, salty and spicy foods. The food is not hot, it should have a soft consistency (exclude solid foods).

In the treatment of this pathology, the following are used:

• medications;
• the recipe for folk medicine;
• method of operable therapy.

Tongue care

Along with the use of medicines, it is necessary to perform hygiene procedures that will reduce the likelihood of the reproduction of pathogenic microflora.

Therefore, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Carry out a hygienic procedure for oral care at least 2 times a day. At the same time, exclude mechanical impact on the affected area.
2. Rinsing antiseptics produce after every meal.
3. Formed plaque not removed with fingers. Prior to this, cotton swabs are used, previously soaked in an antiseptic.
4. It is allowed to use pharmaceutical rosehip or peach oil.
5. It is best to apply for pain, tingling or burning sensation. applications with local anesthetics.

Medication

Complex treatment of median rhomboid glossitis is important, in the process of which drugs of different actions are used.

Medicines of the main choice:

1. Vinisol accelerates the healing of the atrophic area of ​​the surface of the tongue (spray).
2. Solcoseryl in the form of a gel, it improves trophic processes, which ensures rapid tissue regeneration.
3. Solution Chlorhexidine eliminates the action of pathogenic microflora.

Preparations that suppress the growth of the candida fungus. Both local dosage forms and medicines in the form of tablets are used. The complex therapy includes:

• borax solution based on glycerin (10%);
• boric acid for rinsing (2%);
• pills Nystatin, Lamisil or Terbinafine.

Medicinal forms that relieve the severity of inflammation and pain:

• Tantum Verde;
• Holisal;
• Ketoprofen;
• Hexasprey or Metrogyl Denta.

Drugs that reduce the production of histamine can reduce the swelling of the mucous epithelium: Claritin, Zyrtec, Loratadin.

A group of corticosteroids is prescribed in case of severe atrophic processes (Prednisolone or Hydrocortisone).

Immunomodulators allow you to restore the body's immune status (Cycloferon, Laferon or Viferon). For the same purpose, multivitamin complexes with a high content of vitamins group B.

Traditional methods

Folk recipes are allowed to be used only after prior consultation with a doctor. They are used as an addition to complex therapy. On their own, they will not be able to relieve the severity of the inflammation process and get rid of the signs of atrophy.

Most often, medicinal infusions are prescribed using the following medicinal compositions:

1. Inflorescences of chamomile or calendula, brewed at the rate of one tablespoon per 200 ml of boiling water, have an antiseptic effect. They are used to rinse the mouth (up to 6 times a day).
2. The tincture is used in a similar way. sage.
3. An infusion of oak bark. For its preparation, two tablespoons of dry matter are used, which are boiled in a water bath with the addition of 200 ml of water. The rinsing procedure is performed at regular intervals (7 times during the day).
4. Adding 20 drops of rosehip, sea buckthorn or eucalyptus oil to a glass of water, rinse three times a day.

Operable therapy

The lumpy and hyperplastic form sometimes does not lend itself to the methods of conservative therapy. In this case, surgical treatment is used by excising tissue within the affected area.

In addition, papillomatous formations can be removed using the cryodestruction method (a stream of liquid nitrogen acts on the surface). This causes their rejection.

Complications

Lozenge-shaped glossitis is often complicated by a lack of adequate therapy. This can cause pathological processes that threaten not only health, but also the life of the patient.

They are:

• focus development abscess or phlegmon;
• emergence edema can cause impaired swallowing function, and cause respiratory distress;
• general blood poisoning (sepsis).

The smooth form of rhomboid glossitis lends itself well to drug treatment, but the patient must give up the habit of smoking, refrain from drinking alcohol.

The situation is different if the patient has a disease in a tuberous or hyperplastic form. The tendency to develop a malignant tumor necessitates surgical intervention and subsequent visit to the dentist at least once every six months.