Anchor post in dentistry: photo, installation and restoration of a tooth crown, fixation

Pinning is an important procedure for maintaining the integrity of the tooth. It ensures the strength of the crown, and together with the cement mixture, adhesion and tightness.

Depending on the indications, anchor pinswho are involved in the restoration process.

Anchor pins in dentistry

Intra-canal structures that support decayed teeth are called anchor pins in dental practice. They are pre-cast rods and consist of a head, ponytail and shoulder.

The design distributes evenly the load on the tissue and is designed to be screwed into the root canal. In addition, it is a kind of support for the filling material.

In the 60s, after the emergence of new techniques and composites, the first factory production takes place. Already in the 90s, the collection was replenished with non-metallic models.

The dental anchor serves as a necessary element, without which it is impossible to carry out a full

Requirements that are put forward for metal pins:

• reduction of loads during the installation procedure;
• resistance to in-channel corrosion;
• the presence of instruments that adapt the shape of the root canal to the nail;
• strength;
• the ability to freely remove for re-therapy.

If the tooth is destroyed by 30-50%, then a build-up occurs photopolymer. The doctor removes the nerve and prepares the canals according to the rules, sets the rod. If more than 50% of the tissue is lost, a pin is installed, which is necessarily covered with a crown.

Important! Many dentists recommend crowning all dead teeth (i.e., propulped) that are reinforced with a post, or if more than 5 years have passed since the removal of the nerve.

Classification and characteristics

The standard dental anchor rod construction consists of a head, a shoulder and a tail.

It is classified according to its shape, surface relief, nature of fixation, material of manufacture, type of installation:

1. By shape, 4 types of rods are distinguished - conical, cylindrical and mixed (cylindrical-conical). The cylindrical ones have good holding properties. During cementing, there is a stress load. Due to the peculiarities of the structure of the apex, 1-2 turns are in contact with the tissues of the tooth. Conical ones have an advantageous anatomical structure, minor perforation risks, but there is a possibility of root dissection with a high wedging load. The optimal cylindrical-conical rods are those in which 2/3 are cylindrical and 1/3-conical parts with a slight degree of narrowing.
2. According to the relief, four types are distinguished: corrugated, smooth, with a screw thread, combined.
3. According to the method of consolidation, there are active and passive. Passives have a threadless surface. They are used to strengthen the tooth after its restoration - they are inserted into the filled canal and are fixed by cementation. They are considered more loyal. The active rods have a threaded surface and are installed by screwing into the root. They are considered more aggressive.
4. According to the material of manufacture, the rods are divided into titanium, metal, brass, from special gold alloys, and silver-palladium.

In the photo, the types of anchor pins used in dentistry:

Active cylindrical pins: a) Radix-anker; 6) Radix-anker long; c) Radix-anker compact; r) Pin-master active; e) Head-master active

Indications and contraindications for installation

Before proceeding with pinning, assess the state of the periapical part. The clinical situation and the correct placement of the anchor rod must be taken into account.

The indications for pinning are the following points:

• pathological abrasion of enamel;
• Difficulty developing teeth, such as dysplasia
• loss of coronal part by 50% as a result caries and thinning of the walls after treatment;
• chips, loss of part of the teeth as a result of trauma;
• deviations in the position of the anterior group of teeth;
• single-rooted teeth with removed nerves, which must be covered with crowns for orthopedic reasons;
• teeth with removed nerves, which are a support for bridges from cermet material;
• strengthening of the tooth after treatment.

For the procedure, a requirement is put forward for the tooth:

• the presence of the gingival part;
• root walls thicker than 2 mm;
• dental crown tissue at or above the gingival margin;
• canals are treated and sealed;
• there are no inflammatory processes in hard tissues.

Do not install in the following cases:

• diagnosed granuloma/cyst;
• inflammation in the tissues of the teeth, in particular periodontitis;
• pathological obstruction of the channels or their curvature;
• inflammation periodontium.

Installation procedure

The event takes place in several successive stages:

1. First, the root canal is obturated with a machine. For pinning, the channel must be 2/3 unsealed.
2. Then the rod is inserted and inserted deep into the channel almost to the very base.
3. The anchor pin is fixed with a special solution.
4. A composite is applied over the gingival part in layers, each layer is illuminated with a lamp.
5. If necessary, the doctor removes the excess with the help of grinding.
6. In some cases, prosthetics are performed - an impression is made, according to which a crown is made from the selected material.

Advantages and disadvantages

The greatest strength of the anchoring rod is that it provides reliable support for the reconstructed crown.

With the help of the anchor pin, it is possible to restore the crown of the tooth, preserve and restore hard tissues and chewing function.

Among the advantages are also low cost, long service life and structural strength.

Along with significant advantages, there are also disadvantages of designs with such pins:

• are subject to chemical destruction over time;
• often there is an allergic reaction to alloys;
• under the influence of the structure itself, pressure occurs on the walls and root, which leads to the destruction of the tooth without the possibility of further restoration;
• in the case of repeated endodontic therapy, difficulties arise with the extraction of the post;
• when installing the structure, experience and a high professional level are required, since the admission of errors leads to complications;
• poor aesthetics - anchoring structures are considered unsuitable for the restoration of anterior teeth.

Fiberglass pins are an alternative. They are considered a more modern option, indispensable for the restoration of anterior teeth. Although today there is no ideal post without disadvantages that must be considered in every clinical situation.

Product and installation cost

The prices for installing an anchor pin depend on the type of material. The standards are also taken into account - a structure is made according to a template or according to an individual order. The cost also depends on the clinic where the procedure is performed.

On average, the standard option in dentistry costs:

• titanium rod - 500-600 rubles;
• titanium construction with installation - approximately 850 rubles;
• damask crown - 1200 rubles;
• metal-ceramic crown - 9,500 rubles;
• extension procedure - 2000 rubles.

Note! In many dental offices, installation takes place directly during treatment. The price includes: removal of the nerve, filling materials and the pin itself.

The rod has a low cost, long service life and strength. Before installation, the clinical picture, the condition of the root itself and contraindications are assessed.