Periflebit - what to do if the tissues surrounding the veins become inflamed

Periphlebitis is an inflammation of the tissues that surround the veins. In most patients, this disease is observed together with thrombophlebitis.

Therefore, among experts, it is widely believed that periphlebitis is only a sign of phlebitis and vein thrombosis.

But even if this were so, then such a state would not be less dangerous.

Pathogenesis of the disease

The disease develops as a result of the inflammation of the vein from adjacent tissues,, phlegmon, burn, tuberculosis and many other infections. First, the connective tissue, localized around the vein, is affected.

It swells, it accumulates infiltrate. Then the inflammatory reaction spreads to the deeper layers of the vascular wall, the muscular layer is destroyed, it is involved in the pathological process and the endothelium.

A parietal thrombus is formed and the patient begins thrombophlebitis.

Causes of the disease

The most common cause of the development of periphale is varicose veins.

In addition, the pathological process can develop as a result of:

• allergies, for example, to the bite of Hymenoptera insects;
• complications after childbirth or abortion;
• chemical effects on the vessel, including pharmaceuticals;
• injury or infection of the vein wall;
• of incorrect hygiene of the umbilical wound of a newborn.

Any disease that is caused by pathogenic microorganisms( more commonly streptococci) can provoke periphlebitis, for example:

• erysipelas;
• acute angina;
• osteomyelitis;
• pneumonia;
• typhoid;
• tuberculosis;
• syphilis;
• otitis media;
• rheumatism;
• salpingo-oophoritis and many others.

Also, the disease can develop against diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, heart disease, various vascular pathologies and circulatory disorders, oncological diseases or surgical interventions.

An impetus for periphoebitis can be any disease that is accompanied by thrombosis:

• thrombosis;
• phlebitis;
• varices of the esophagus or lower limbs.

Clinical picture

The disease begins with a rise in temperature, which is replaced by its fall. Patient is observed pastoznost, skin becomes pale, lose elasticity.

The following symptoms of pereflebit are observed:

1. Hemoglobin is lowering, anemia is developing .As the disease develops, puffiness increases, and hematomas appear on the skin.
2. Venous walls thicken, become friable , they accumulate serous and purulent exudate, hemorrhages and few necrosis. The lumen of the blood vessel expands.
3. Further, the inflammatory process passes to the muscular layer of the vein, which also breaks down. As a result of the hyperergic reaction, extensive necrosis of the blood vessel can develop.

Thrombosis as a result of periphlebitis

In the picture, the characteristic pattern of periphlebitis

Already at the initial stages of the disease there is a high probability of thrombosis. The further picture of the disease depends on the transformation of the thrombus, which can dissolve or not.

In case of a favorable outcome, circulation of blood through the vessels is restored and because it will happen quickly, depends on how much the functions of the damaged tissues will be disturbed.

But a thrombus can also occur, i.e.it will begin to germinate with a connective tissue and fix in the vessel as a result of partial and complete occlusion of the veins.

In addition, purulent melting of a blood clot can occur. In such patients, fragments of the infected thrombus will begin to separate, which can not only clog the vessel, but also spread infection throughout the body, resulting in the development of sepsis.

If the patient is a baby

Separately it is worthwhile to focus on the periphlebitis of newborns, which arises from improper processing of the umbilical wound. Sometimes the disease runs unnoticed, the baby will fall behind in physical development.

After umbilical cord healing, there is a high probability of local hyperemia. Visually, on the anterior wall of the abdomen, it is possible to detect enlarged subcutaneous veins, as well as inflamed lymph vessels.

When palpating the abdomen, a hard infiltration is felt, a cord located along the umbilical vein. The abdomen is swollen, the patient has enlarged liver and spleen. Most patients have a loose stool, but some have constipation.

A clinical blood test will show increased ESR, low hemoglobin and erythrocytes, an abnormally low amount of protein

Sepsis, as a dangerous complication - not uncommon

( hypoproteinemia).And the number of white blood cells on the contrary will be very high. Most small patients experience increased blood clotting.

In the patient's urine protein, red blood cells, leukocytes and epithelial cells will be detected.

If a disease passes into a chronic form, a person suffers from purulent intoxication. His general state of health deteriorates sharply, frequent headaches, constant loss of strength, vomiting, pain in the right hypochondrium, sclera and skin acquires icteric tinge. Renal and hepatic insufficiency may develop.

Diagnostic Techniques

In addition to visual examination of the patient and the collection of anamnesis, the doctor prescribes to pass a number of tests and undergo instrumental examination:

1. General analysis of blood and urine .
2. Ultrasonic dopplerographic examination( UZDG) of blood vessels .This type of diagnosis is currently carried out rather rarely, since more advanced methods for identifying vascular pathologies have been developed - duplex angioscanning, reduced UZDS or UASA.

The method of USAS allows to determine:

• the state of the walls of blood vessels;
• determine the presence of thrombus, its size and localization;
• rate of blood circulation through veins and arteries;
• partial or complete occlusion of the bloodstream.

The procedure is completely painless and has no contraindications.

Scheme of treatment

The phlebology, vascular surgeon, angiologist deals with the disease. Periflebit is treated conservatively. Complex therapy is aimed at:

1. Cessation of the inflammatory process of .To this end, prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Deceleration of blood clotting .The greater the viscosity of the blood, the greater the likelihood of thrombus formation. To do this, appoint anticoagulants, for example, Dicumarin, Phenylan. They reduce the concentration of prothrombin. Locally impose ointments - Lyoton, Troxerutin, Heparin. Prevents the formation of blood clots Trental and Curantil. Both these drugs normalize blood circulation.
3. Strengthening of the walls of the vessels .Prescribe drugs based on routine, for example, Ascorutin.
4. Also shown wearing compression linen and using elastic bandages.

In case of damage to the lower limbs, they must be provided with absolute rest, as well as an elevated position. A healthy lifestyle contributes to a speedy recovery, especially the rejection of nicotine.

Preventative measures

The most important thing that will help to avoid flebitov in general and periflebit in particular is a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to abandon bad habits, especially from smoking. Move more, walk in the fresh air.

People prone to varicose for the prevention of disease should conduct courses of therapy with ointments based on heparin.

It is important to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases in time. Correctly handle various skin lesions, in order to avoid the introduction of pathogenic microflora into deeper tissues.

Ensure the correctness of the setting of systems, intravenous injections, avoid mechanical damage to the veins.

More about the serious consequences of an improperly delivered shot:

In order to prevent the disease, check the viscosity of the blood, for this you need to undergo an examination every year from a specialist.

It should be remembered that with the first alarming symptoms it is necessary to immediately contact a specialist, in no case should the disease be allowed to drift.