Rectum Cracks: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

Problems in the form of irregular stools and frequent constipation threatens the patient quite dangerous and unpleasant consequences.

One such consequence is a rectal fissure, which occurs for a variety of reasons.

Treatment of the presented problem proceeds for a long time, and the symptoms are transferred by the patients painfully and painfully. To prevent such troubles, one should fully study the methods of treatment and prevention of the disorder.

Anal fissure of the rectum is a rupture of the mucous membrane or a defect in the rectal mucosa, which can reach a size of 2 cm and acquire a different shape( linear, oval or triangular).

In most cases, cracks are formed due to constipation and excessive zeal when visiting the toilet.

Cracking mechanism

A crack is tissue damage,which is called adenormoma. It covers the entire anus.

Its structure contains a large number of blood vessels and nerve endings. They are also affected and damaged by a hard mass of a solid consistency.

Similar mechanical damage often occurs when passing or injuring foreign objects.

For example, children with pampering like to study the anatomy of toys or toothbrushes, which leads to characteristic "cuts" of the mucous membrane of the rectum.

Therefore, parents should be attentive to their child, try to limit him from the conditions related to the risk factors for damage, and immediately at the time of finding the signs contact the doctor immediately.

Causes and risk factors

The reasons for the occurrence of cracks in the rectum include the following:

1. Various kinds of mechanical injuries .Both children and adults for different reasons, but with the same result can damage the gut with various objects and devices.
2. Various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of an inflammatory nature .Cholecystitis or gastritis increases the risk of a crack. Among other things, the presence of constipation or diarrhea leads to a significant irritation of the intestinal mucosa, and this also causes the formation of trauma.
3. The presence of hemorrhoids .Problems with hemorrhoids lead to weakening of the walls of the anus. Accordingly, they become vulnerable to any mechanical damage.
4. Pregnancy and natural delivery .The enlarged uterus during pregnancy constantly exerts pressure on the abdominal muscles and perineum. In addition, childbirth provokes the development of unpleasant problems in the rectum and anus.
5. Rectal spasm of the rectum .If a pathology develops in the form of an increased tonus of the rectum, the blood in the blood vessels gradually loses its blood, so that the area of ​​the anus becomes vulnerable to mechanical injuries.
6. Physical activity or, conversely, a sedentary lifestyle .
7. Weakening of the pelvic muscles , arising from any causes or diseases.
8. Uncontrolled intake of laxatives often injures the intestinal mucosa.

To protect yourself from this problem, you should reconsider the reasons in accordance with your lifestyle and take appropriate measures.

Acute and chronic form of the disease

The disease can occur in acute and chronic form. The acute course is characterized by an ordinary linear rupture, while the chronic form gradually leads to the transformation of the rupture into a kind of deep ulcer. Each form has its own symptomatology.

Features of the exacerbation phase

The rectal fissure in the exacerbation phase has the following symptoms:

• pain in the anus that occurs when you visit the toilet and lasts for 15-20 minutes;
• spasms, causing stool disorder and leading to difficulty in visiting the toilet;
• bleeding in small amounts that often occur at the time of defecation.

Chronic form

If the signs of the presence of the disease appear more than 6 weeks or with a certain periodicity, the patient is diagnosed with a chronic form.

There are also the following symptoms:

• pain in the anus, which can occur with prolonged sitting in one place or after the act of defecation;
• persistent bleeding after going to the toilet or after awkward actions, sometimes after a short run or squats, you can find drops of blood on your underwear;
• is often formed purulent discharge associated with non-compliance with hygiene and in the absence of proper treatment.

In the chronic form of the disease, intestinal spasms can also occur, which will lead to a violation of the stool. True, these symptoms are less intense.

Features of the disease in children

Specialists note that the main problem that leads to similar injuries in children is helminthiosis( infection with worms).

During this period the baby feels uncomfortable and tries to get rid of it, usually with his own fingers, as a result of which the trauma occurs. Often, cracks in the baby arise due to the use of coarse toilet paper.

As for the symptoms, parents should pay attention to changes in the behavior of the child when visiting the toilet. The kid can refuse to defecate.

Self-examination can detect inflammation of the anus and its redness, when feeling, the child complains of pain.

As it happens in pregnant women

Cracks in the rectal mucosa of pregnant women - a frequent occurrence and often the fault of the women themselves.

The following aspects relate to the reasons for the appearance of the problems presented:

• a long sitting on the toilet( maximum time not more than 2-3 minutes);
• sedentary lifestyle;
• sluggish peristalsis, which leads to constipation and other complications;
• taste preferences - excessive consumption of sweet negatively affects the condition of the walls of the intestine.

Symptoms of developing a crack in pregnant women do not differ from other patients. It is important to recognize such problems in time and consult a doctor.

Approach to diagnostics

In connection with severe pain syndrome, the diagnosis of the presented disease is performed using the finger method.

If necessary, the patient is given a sigmoidoscopy. Based on the results of the survey, and based on the nature of the trauma and personal data of the patient, treatment is prescribed.

Objectives and methods of treatment

Treatment of patients with rectal fissures is carried out in the following order:

• an urgent elimination of pain syndrome;
• treatment of constipation and diarrhea;
• procedures for the removal of inflammation and healing of a crack;
• elimination of the causes of the presented pathology.

Treatment of pathology directly depends on the nature of the disease and its course. A set of therapeutic measures is applied.

Conservative Medicine

Rectal suppositories and ointments for are used for initial elimination of pain syndrome and healing of rectal cracks. Apply from every time after going to the toilet.

As an anesthetic, you can use Relief candles, and the best spasmolytic is No-Shpa.

If the patient has an inflammation, you should use candles with sea buckthorn or benzocaine.

For easy access to the toilet, it is better to use suppositories with glycerin - they will facilitate the act of defecation and contribute to the healing of the wound.

Surgical intervention

Quite often the patient does not turn in time to a specialist, and the acute form of the disease quickly turns into a chronic one.

In the chronic course of the disease, a characteristic scarring of the fracture is observed, which requires surgical intervention.

If the situation has led to serious complications, the patient is assigned to perform a classical operation under general anesthesia.

The surgeon conducts a dissection of the sphincter and excision of the crack. After the operation, all wounds and incisions are sewn.

Such intervention requires a long recovery. So, only the elimination of inflammation takes at least a month.

If possible, the patient is assigned a laser operation, which involves local anesthesia and does not require a long recovery.

Here a special solution of anesthetic, a mirror and a tampon with an antiseptic are introduced into the patient's anus. With the help of a laser jet, a crack is excised.

Any surgical intervention requires compliance with the diet at the time of recovery. The patient should abandon salty and spicy dishes, as well as alcohol.

Folk methods

Folk recipes for treatment will help early recovery and healing of the wound. Here you can resort to the conduct of microclysters.

For a similar procedure, you should prepare a special solution in the form of mixing a tablespoon of aloe juice, fish oil and chicken eggs. All components are thoroughly mixed and used in the form of syringes for the night. The minimum course of treatment takes 10 days.

To ease their own sufferings, a patient can independently make herbal candles. To do this, mix in equal quantities the dried plantain, motherwort, and chamomile flowers.

To prepare candles melted beeswax and it interferes with the herb collection. The whole composition is thoroughly mixed and formed candles, which are further stored in the refrigerator. Use homemade candles should be every time you have severe pain.

Complications and prevention of

The lack of correct and timely treatment can lead to complications in the form of infection of blood, prostatitis, fistulas of the rectum, colitis and heavy bleeding.

To prevent this from happening, the doctor should be consulted immediately if the first signs of violation occur.

As a preventive measure, you must follow a diet with vegetables, fruits, cereals and first courses, as well as regular sports or walking.

The patient should also remember that after curing the rectal fissure his life will not be the same in the near future, in order to avoid relapses one needs to monitor his diet and lifestyle every day.

Only timely medical intervention will help to quickly cope with the anal fissure of the rectum. Watch your condition and remember - the pain when you visit the toilet is only the first bell of a possible serious pathology.