Local and general anesthesia in modern dentistry: methods and preparations

Often, most people do not want to seek help from dentists until the pain does not manifest itself with full force.

This behavior is very easy to explain: the level of pain sensitivity for each is absolutely different. It is for this reason that for some, a visit to the dentist is not something terrible, but others are very apprehensive about the upcoming dental treatment.

Modern dentistry can offer its patients various types of anesthesia.

Now the possibility of painless dental treatment has become available for everyone, because during the sanitation or removal of teeth, specialists use general anesthesia, which in turn, significantly reduces pain.

Why is anesthesia necessary for dental treatment, and what kinds of anesthesia is it?

The need for anesthesia is not even discussed

The dentist is the specialist to attendrecommended to every person at least once every 12 months. Due to various situations and diagnosed diseases, the process of dental treatment can often be unpleasant.

To reduce the manifestation of the pain syndrome at the time of treatment, medication was developed, aimed at anesthesia at the time of sanitation of the oral cavity.

The right type of anesthesia makes it possible to conduct dental treatment quickly and efficiently.

Painful sensations manifest themselves in a moment of shock. It is believed that pain of this nature is the strongest and hardest tolerated.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that many more nerve endings are localized in dental tissues than, for example, in skin integuments.

They, in turn, are quite sensitive to various manipulations. Therefore, many patients at the thought that will soon have to heal or pull out a tooth will turn pale and lose consciousness.

The pain of a strong manifestation can negatively affect the health of a person. There may be a malfunction in the functioning of immunity, as well as the process of hormone production is disrupted.

Quite often in such situations there is a sharp increase in the level of glucose in the blood( but this does not confirm the presence of diabetes in the patient).

Quite often there are cases when due to unsuccessful treatment a person further refuses to visit the dentist.

Therefore, anesthesia in modern dentistry is of paramount importance.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of a person. The selected type of anesthesia should be appropriate for age, the amount of work performed, and should be absolutely safe for the patient( do not cause allergies and other pathological reactions).

What is used in modern dentistry

There are several types of anesthesia that are recommended for use in dental treatment.

These include the following:

1. Narcology of a local nature .It allows to reduce the manifestation of pain syndrome in a certain area of ​​the human body.
2. General anesthetic analgesia .It is a medicamental state of sleep, during which the patient's consciousness is blocked. That is why in the process of treatment a person does not feel any unpleasant sensations.
3. Combined anesthesia .It consists of the use of local drugs and careful preliminary preparation of the patient for future treatment.

In most cases, local anesthesia is used in dentistry. It is quite effective and does not pose a great threat to human health.

The duration of such anesthesia is not great, but it allows you to conduct all the necessary statistical procedures.

The only contraindication in this case is the presence of an allergic reaction to used drugs and diseases of neurological origin.

A mixed form of analgesia is used simultaneously in several stages of dental treatment. It allows not only to significantly reduce the occurrence of pain sensations, but also has a calming effect on the patient's nervous system.

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More details on all types of anesthesia that are used in modern dentistry.

Local anesthesia:

Intraligamentary anesthesia:

Local anesthesia:

General anesthesia:

Used medications

For dental treatment, special medications( anesthetics) are most often used for local or regional anesthesia. They are divided into two groups:

• preparations, which include ethers;
• amides.

Once upon a time in dentistry, such painkillers as "Lidocaine" or "Novocain" were distributed and claimed. Of course, they can be used today, but, compared with more modern drugs, their effectiveness has a slightly lower level of reliability and safety.

In modern dentistry, the following anesthetic agents are used:

1. Ultracaine .The drug is combined and recommended for local type of anesthesia. Its components components are articaine and special substances that have vasoconstrictive effect( adrenaline).Today produces a large number of drugs based on articaine, but each of them has its own contraindications and limitations. This same tool can be used to treat children, the elderly and even pregnant women. The necessary dose of medicine is set by the expert himself.
2. Scandinavian .Anesthesia for local effects. The main component in this case is mepivacaine. This tool does not include adrenaline and vasoconstrictors, which allows it to be used in most cases. However, it is necessary to consider the possibility of allergy in some patients.
3. Septanest .It is similar to the drug Ultracaine. It is characterized by most of the properties that the aforementioned anesthetic possesses.
4. Novocaine .The most popular and common drug in the past. Its analgesic properties are significantly less than preparations of modern production. To achieve the desired result, you need to use the drug in a dosage of 0.125% to 0.5%.
5. Dicaine .It is considered a very strong remedy, however, to achieve complete anesthesia, it is necessary to adhere to a special consistency of the drug. The product is toxic, which is why it is not recommended for other types of anesthesia other than mucous.
6. Lidocaine .This medicine is toxic unlike Novokain, which is usual for everyone, but at the same time, it has a great effect. It is possible to use it for various types of therapeutic pain relief, only in each case it is necessary to select the correct dosage. The medicine begins its operation after 5-8 minutes and lasts for a couple of hours.
7. Trimecaine .The drug is effective after 10 minutes after administration. The duration of anesthesia is approximately 2-3 hours. Quite close in its characteristics to Lidocaine.
8. Bupivacaine .It is the strongest and most effective analgesic that has a long-lasting effect. Although its effect begins only after 20 minutes, the effect of anesthesia lasts up to 7 hours.
9. Naropin .The drug is modern production. Recommended for epidural and intrafiltration anesthesia. The duration of the effect can be more than 10 hours. Before use, it is important to consider the presence of contraindications and allergies.

Anesthesia during pregnancy

For pregnant women, any medication can be dangerous. It is for this reason that dental treatment of pregnant women should be carried out only with the help of safe drugs that do not threaten the life of the mother and fetus.

Usually women during pregnancy are recommended to use Ultrakaine or Ubimthesin. Due to the presence of adrenaline, the effect of toxic substances is greatly reduced.

The dentist should be able to correctly choose the right concentration of the medicine. In large doses adrenaline can lead to unexpected consequences.

Treatment of small patients

With regard to dental treatment of children, in this case, the use of local anesthesia is appropriate.

However, there are situations when an agitated and frightened child can not be mastered and something to explain to him. And then experts advise to use general anesthesia.

This kind of anesthesia in the case of children is the most convenient. After all, the doctor does not have to spend a long time on the persuasion of the baby and committing unnecessary manipulation. A child during the entire treatment procedure is in a medical dream, and consequently, does not feel any unpleasant sensations and pain.

The only drawback is a small time interval for dental operations. The child's organism is rather weak, therefore any influence of anesthetics can provoke the development of negative consequences, which will not be very good for the baby's well-being.

Before going to the dentist, you must first consult with an anesthesiologist. Only a qualified person can prescribe really safe and effective pain medication for dental treatment.