In the human body, each organ must perform a specific function that wags on the general condition. The gallbladder is part of the digestive system, it is located under the liver and stores the bile produced by it. Often in the case of violations of his work, doctors suggest a complete removal of the organ. This operation is called laparoscopy.
Laparoscopic operation on the gallbladder
In the usual understanding of the operation on the organs is meant a cut through which the doctor sees everything and conducts manipulations with the help of tools. Laparoscopy of the gallbladder has a slightly different technology of performing the procedure. For manipulation, a special set of tools is used to avoid serious incisions. As a rule, the procedure is understood as the removal of the gallbladder, less often - getting rid of stones in this organ.
The main feature of laparoscopy is the access method, which is used for manipulation. It is carried out with the help of a laparoscope - a special apparatus, the name of which is the procedure. The main advantage that makes this variant of operation on the gallbladder popular is the absence of scars after incisions of the abdominal region.
Removing stones from the gallbladder
There are several ways in which you can find out how to remove stones from the gallbladder. Laparoscopy is listed among them, but in practice it is extremely rare, it is due to the peculiarities of the disease itself. In practice, there are two situations:
- In cases where there are a lot of stones and already there are strong pathological changes that will not allow the body to function properly, it is easier to remove it. Otherwise, he will constantly provoke other diseases, become inflamed.
- If the stones are small, they are small, doctors suggest avoiding surgical intervention and get rid of the disease by medicinal means, using litholytic therapy with drugs, for example, Ursofalkom or Ursosan. Often helps ultrasonic crushing of stones, after which they independently go out through the bowel along with the calves.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
The operation to remove the gallbladder is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For its implementation, trocar-manipulators, a laparoscope are used. The latter is a device with a light bulb and a camera, which is inserted through a puncture on the abdominal wall. The surgeon will conduct the entire procedure, focusing on the image obtained from this tool. This helps to avoid the need to make a large incision of the abdomen to follow the progress of the operation. Puncture, as a rule, has a length of up to 2 cm, which leaves a barely noticeable scar.
Trocars are used to perform all manipulations with organs. These are special hollow tubes through which the instruments enter the abdominal cavity. Then the specialist, using devices on the trocar, moves the surgical instruments and performs the actions:
- notches;
- clamp plate;
- incision of adhesions;
- moxibustion of vessels.
Before the operation, the patient should know all the features of the procedure. It should be attributed to the benefits of laparoscopy of the gallbladder such advantages:
- no scars, small tissue damage, there are only 4 scars at the puncture site;
- relatively minor postoperative pain;
- a few hours after removal of the gallbladder, a person can already walk;
- rapid recovery, rehabilitation after laparoscopy, in the hospital a person spends 2-4 days;
- low risk of postoperative hernia.
Postoperative period after laparoscopy of bile
After a laparoscopy of the gallbladder, the doctor removes the patient from the state of anesthesia, stopping to feed gas. On the same day, observance of bed rest is mandatory for the first 6-7 hours. After this time a person can start to sit on the bed, turn over, walk and perform simple actions. At the same time, it is permitted to start drinking mineral still water.
Regarding nutrition, you should consider that you are allowed to eat after removing the gallbladder in the early days:
- after 2 days allowed the reception of light, soft food;
- it should be used in small portions 6-7 times a day;
- on the 2nd day must be drunk abundantly;
- on the third day is allowed to add to the menu the usual food, avoid the need for products that cause gas production or bile secretion;
- after 4 days, you can switch to special food, which will be described below.
Puncture pain in the first couple of days after laparoscopy can occur due to tissue trauma, unpleasant sensations last for 4 days. If this does not happen and the pain intensifies, consult a specialist immediately: these symptoms indicate the development of complications after removal of the gallbladder. Track whether the temperature, nausea, vomiting, bitter eructation have appeared - these are signs of manifestations after laparoscopy. The patient should take into account contraindications, which must be adhered to for the first 10 days after the procedure:
- to avoid any physical exertion;
- should wear soft underwear to avoid irritation at the puncture sites;
- do not comb the seams, which will remove after 10 days.
Diet after cholecystectomy
Laparoscopy of the gallbladder affects the human digestive system, so after it is carried out, you must adhere to a special diet. It consists of a list of products that you can and can not use. On their basis, they prepare different dishes at their own discretion. The diet for the removal of the gallbladder by laparoscopy has the following rules:
| Can | Can not |
| Fish: perch, pikeperch, pike. It is necessary to boil, cook for a couple or bake. Spicy condiments( ketchup-chili, mustard, ginger, horseradish). | |
| Low-fat meat( chicken, turkey, rabbit). | Fatty products( dairy products above 1%, fatty fish, meat). |
| Semi-liquid cereal grains. | Smoked meat. |
| You can fill your soup with pasta, vegetables. | Raw vegetables. |
| Non-acid berries, fruit. | Rich pastry, rye bread. |
| Honey, jam, jam. | Black coffee, cocoa. |
| Yesterday's white bread. | Alcohol. |
| Low-fat dairy products. | Chocolate. |
| Stewed, steamed vegetables. | Mushrooms, canned food( any). |
Treatment after removal of the gallbladder
Laparoscopy does not entail long-term rehabilitation or serious consequences. Doctors note a complete recovery( mental and physical) in six months. This does not mean that the patient will feel bad all this time, will not be able to work or live fully. Full rehabilitation implies, in addition to physical, psychological recovery, also the accumulation of reserves that will allow the transfer of new stressful situations, tests without obvious harm to health.
Treatment after laparoscopy obliges to carry out simple recommendations that will speed recovery after surgery:
- The first month should refrain from sexual intercourse.
- Observe the correct diet, avoid constipation.
- To begin training or other physical activities not earlier than a month.
- The first 2 months do not lift weights above 3 kg.
In other aspects, after removal of the gallbladder, there is no need for any specific activities. For a more rapid recovery of tissues, you can go through the course of physiotherapy after 1 month if this is recommended by a doctor. Immediately after laparoscopy, you can drink vitamin preparations: Centrum, Vitrum, Supradin, etc.
Cost of laparoscopic operation
The price for laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder can range from 9 to 90 thousand rubles. This variation in value is due to different regions of the country( Russia).Most of all, the operation will cost in central highly specialized institutions, for example, in the capital's clinics. Often doctors of district clinics have a high level of laparoscopy, while the cost of removing the gallbladder is much lower.
Video: life without a gallbladder
Reviews
Kirill, 26 : The operation to remove the gallbladder is very often done, preparation for laparoscopy does not require additional manipulation, so I went to it with an easy heart. It's been 2 years since I lost an organ, I feel fine. At first I followed a diet, but after 3 months I started eating everything I wanted( except for too fatty foods).
Xenia, 32 years old : They gave me laparoscopy 10 years ago, until recently everything was great. Now there are unpleasant sensations, constantly haunts heartburn. Doctors say that this is a common phenomenon after laparoscopy and nothing can be done about it. You can only take medicines that create a wrapping film in your stomach to protect against bile.
Andrei, 38 years old : Doctors told the hospital that they need to undergo an operation( laparoscopy) and remove the gallbladder. I did not want to lose the organ, they all are not just there, but the pain because of the stones were very strong, so I agreed. The operation went smoothly, leaving a few scars after it. Diet after laparoscopy is a nasty thing, but it's much better than constant pain due to stones.