A person, at least once in his life, always meets with such a problem as intoxication. In such cases, you need to know how to treat the poisoning. In most cases, you can only conduct pre-hospital care and be sure to call an ambulance, because a qualified specialist will be able to determine the cause of the condition.
Types of intoxication and their symptoms
Before you figure out what to do with poisoning, you need to understand the possible options for the ailment. Intoxication is a condition of the body that causes poison or toxin. The poison can enter through the skin, the respiratory tract or the esophagus. They are contained in food, air and food, with which a person contacts. Intoxication can be of different types, they differ from each other by poisoning agents, toxic agents, ways of influencing a person. List of types of poisoning:
- by medicines;
- with carbon monoxide;
- food poisoning;
- alcohol;
- alkalis, acids, poison.
There is a division into acute, subacute, super-acute and chronic poisoning depending on the rate of development, the nature of the exposure to a toxic substance. According to the variant of the way of penetration of poison, these types of poisoning are distinguished:
- inhalation;
- injection;
- percutaneous - through the skin.
- oral - through the mouth;
First aid for poisoning of
Before the emergency aid arrives, a person nearby should know what to do in case of poisoning. If possible, it is necessary to determine what caused the intoxication, because this affects the options for further treatment. This information may be needed by the incoming ambulance doctor. Depending on the root cause, you can use different methods of treating poisoning.
What to do if you are poisoned with food
The most common variant of toxin penetration is food, so everyone should know what to do with food poisoning. Typically, this occurs when stale products( fish, meat) or poor quality goods are used. Often there is intoxication when consuming milk, cottage cheese, kefir, semi-finished products. These products must necessarily be heat treated. What to do to help a person:
- Clear stomach. In the presence of vomiting, it can not be stopped, the body naturally tries to get rid of toxins and poisons. If a person does not feel sick, it is necessary to induce vomiting artificially, giving a lot of water to drink, then pressing on the root of the tongue.
- Take absorbent( adsorbent).This drug is aimed at absorbing toxins, poisons and removing them from the body. The most accessible and popular example is activated charcoal. The medicine proved to be very effective due to the absence of side effects and low cost. Take tablets to neutralize poisoning at a rate of 1 pc.on 10 kg of weight of the patient. Another good medicine is Smecta, which has a greater detoxification effect with a smaller amount of medicine. In domestic and folk medicine, in case of poisoning, use a decoction of the skin of pomegranates and apples.
- Poisoning is considered a characteristic sign of poisoning in addition to vomiting. Because of this, a large amount of fluid is lost, so the patient must be provided with an abundant drink. Well suited mineral water without gas, you can dissolve electrolytes in liquid and drink in small portions.
- If vomiting, diarrhea and temperature are joined by such symptoms: ovulation, speech disturbance, movement coordination - call an emergency physician. He will be able to accurately prescribe what medicines to take when poisoning. Also, do not postpone the emergency call, when the cause of intoxication were mushrooms.
Alcohol poisoning drug
Alcoholic beverages may be of poor quality, diluted or a person could not stop on time, so you should know what to do with alcohol poisoning. The danger of this kind of intoxication lies in the person's special passivity, he can be drowned by his own vomit masses, often there is a sudden stop of the heart, breathing. As a rule, the cause of this type of chemical poisoning is poor quality vodka.
You need to help the patient in the same way as when poisoning with food. It should be borne in mind that a patient in such a state can not completely control himself, his actions, and sometimes he exerts resistance. To prevent deterioration of the condition, you should constantly monitor the person. To create a vomiting reflex you can use a recipe: squeeze a half of lemon on a glass of water, add a teaspoon of soda, sugar and give it a quick drink. Help to remove the remains of toxins from the intestinal tract can polysorb:
- Neosmectin.
- Algisor.
- Rekitsen - RD.
- Polyphepan.
With medicines
If you misuse medicines, you may be poisoned by the active substances of the drug. In order to cure a person, it is necessary to determine what medicine caused such a condition. Symptoms and manifestations of poisoning can be different, it depends on the tablets that caused poisoning, so the treatment will be different. Reactive drugs can neutralize the toxic effect. There is intoxication from tablets in the form of such symptoms:
- drowsiness;
- weakness;
- pallor of the skin;
- disorders of CNS processes;
- narrowing of the pupils;
- arrhythmic breathing.
Things to do when intoxication before the arrival of emergency care:
- Give a drink of salt water.
- Provoke vomiting.
- Give the adsorbent.
- Put the patient on the stomach, turn his head on his side. Do not let him fall asleep.
- If a loss of consciousness starts, use a cotton wool with ammonia.
- Regularly check the pulse, in the absence of it, you need to do artificial respiration, heart massage( indirect).
With carbon monoxide or household gas
The danger of such poisoning lies in the gradual, imperceptible penetration of the poison into the blood. Not every adult is able to notice the smell of burning fumes or domestic gas vapors in time. There is a high probability of death, if a leak occurred at night, a person does not even wake up. The main condition in the provision of assistance is to do everything quickly, to bring a person to fresh air, to try to eliminate the cause of gas leakage. The characteristic symptoms of such poisoning include:
- lacrimation;
- headache;
- cough;
- dizziness;
- loss of consciousness;
- difficulty breathing.
Alkalis, acids or mercury
Chemicals have an extremely detrimental effect on the human body. The most common causes of poisoning and intoxication include acids, alkalis, mercury, vapors of gasoline. The help in intoxication is carried out in the following way:
- Alkalis
Sources of dispatch are often rare potassium, lime, caustic sodium, ammonia. Weak neutral solutions of acids help neutralize the detrimental effect of alkalis. It is recommended to make lemon, orange juice, drink small portions of milk, proteins of raw eggs with sunflower oil. Do not vomit, because the esophagus will suffer again. Characteristic symptoms of alkali poisoning include abdominal pain;swelling, bleeding gums;diarrhea with blood;vomiting of a green shade.
- Acids
Nitric, hydrochloric, acetic, solder or sulfuric acid is the source of poisoning. Immediately call the ambulance, and before the arrival of doctors, gently rinse the available areas of the affected skin with cold water. Let's drastically drink, you can swallow ice cubes, rinse your mouth with a weak solution of furacilin or soda. You can not give up vomiting because of alkaline poisoning. This type of poisoning includes burns of varying severity of the mouth, lips, esophagus;bloody vomiting;pain in places of skin and mucous membrane damage;shock;difficulty swallowing, breathing.
- Mercury
The injured person should be taken to fresh air, induce vomiting reflex to purify the stomach. It is possible at poisoning and intoxication to give to drink a solution of sulfur compounds in water, to give tablets from poisoning( adsorbents).Typical symptoms of a condition caused by mercury vapor include:
- pain when swallowing;
- swelling of the gums, bleeding;
- smack of metal in the mouth;
- weakness.
What to do if a child is poisoned
Young children often pull into their mouths everything that comes to their fingertips, so it is likely that any toxin or poison will enter the stomach and intestines. It is very important to determine what caused the poisoning, because children often get to first-aid kits and eat "colored candies."Depending on the source of intoxication, it is necessary to use the methods of treatment described above. What can you do with intoxication before the arrival of an ambulance:
- abundant drink;
- access to fresh air;
- for obvious food reasons cause vomiting;
- give activated charcoal, it is better for a child to crush it into powder, mix with water;
- provide peace of mind.