If a person has complaints about discomfort and pain in the abdomen, then he is diagnosed helikobakter pilori. It is necessary for the prevention or detection of diseases of the stomach and duodenum. Do you know anything about this analysis? Below is a detailed description of the preparation, delivery and decipherment of the results of such a study.
What is helikobakter
If you translate the concept of Helicobacter, you get "a bacterium that has a spiral shape and lives in the gatekeeper."The last term is called the stomach section, which passes into the duodenum. The microorganism helikobakter is anaerobic, because in the air, it immediately dies. The defeat of her body is called helikobakterioza. If you do not get rid of this infection in time, it can lead to gastritis, ulcer of the duodenum or stomach and even oncology. Helicobacteriosis is often transmitted from mother to child or other family members.
How to take the heliobacter pylori assay
The helikobacter test is carried out in several ways, which have their own delivery technique. For reliability of diagnostics appoint at least 2 of them. Here are these studies:
- Blood test for determining the concentration of antibodies to Helicobacter. For the study, plasma is taken. It is checked for the presence of antibodies, which are the reaction of the immune system to the "stranger".The sensitivity of the analysis depends on the concentration of immunoglobulins. The designation is the following: lgG, lgA and lgM.The price for determining each antibody reaches 200-300 r.
- Ureazny respiratory test for Helicobacter pylori. This study uses the ability of the bacteria to release a specific enzyme - urease. In the stomach, it breaks the urea, resulting in 2 components: carbon dioxide and ammonia. The cost varies from 700 to 200 rubles.depending on the test method.
- Analysis of feces for Helicobacter antigens. It is carried out by the sensitive method of polymerase chain reaction, i.e. PCR.The investigation consists in detecting a bacterium in the taken material of DNA or RNA.Instead of feces can take urine, blood, saliva, sputum, and in pregnancy amniotic fluid. The price reaches 600-800 rubles.
- Taking a portion of the gastric mucosa on a biopsy during a gastroscopy. This method is considered an express test, which can identify Helicobacter. The cost is about 400 rubles.
Immunoenzyme analysis of blood
This study suggests the determination of specific blood reactions of immunoglobulins, i.e., antibodies. They are developed in response to an infection, then they are linked to the pathogen itself and completely neutralize it. Blood for analysis is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. If circumstances do not allow, you can come to the laboratory in the afternoon, then before that you can not eat for 4 hours. If a bruise remains on the vein after taking the analysis, the patient is recommended to apply dry heat to it to dissolve the blood.
Ureaznyj test
Respiratory test on Helicobacter pylori is carried out in 3 ways. Each of them is handed over as follows:
- Study with urea, labeled with radioactive isotopes. The patient is offered to breathe in a special tube. So take 2 air samples, after which a person drinks a solution of urea labeled with radioactive carbon. After 15 minutes, the exhalation procedure in the tube is repeated.
- Ureasic respiratory test 13C.It is considered standard in gastroenterology. Here, only 2 air samples are taken, and the patient exhales into special disposable bags that are airtight. The first intake of the material is carried out on an empty stomach, and the second - after the use of a solution of urea, labeled with non-radioactive isotope 13C.
- Helik-test. The advantage of this analysis is safety for pregnant and young children. He surrenders like the previous tests, only after the first test the patient drinks a carbamide solution.
Helicobacter pylori in the feces of
This type of analysis for Helicobacter is more convenient for patients, because it does not even need a personal presence. In addition, it is carried out without any trauma to the body. For this reason, such an analysis is shown to the elderly, children or people with serious illnesses. Fecal feces are performed at home after 3 days of restriction:
- of colorants;
- dietary fiber;
- inorganic salts;
- medications that enhance intestinal peristalsis.
How to properly prepare for
analysis For the reliability of any analysis, it is necessary to properly prepare for it. To increase the effectiveness of any study, it is worth giving up antibiotics a week before delivery. Among the general rules can be noted the following:
- Do not eat fat and spicy foods on the night before.
- At least for a day is to limit smoking, alcohol, strong drinks, such as tea and coffee.
- In about 2 weeks, refuse to take medications that increase the activity of the intestines.
Preparation for the
respiratory test As stated above, the urease test for Helicobacter pylori is carried out in 3 different ways. They are united by the fact that the first sample is taken on an empty stomach, and the subsequent one after the use of a special solution. The conditions that must be met in preparation for such an analysis are as follows:
- Stop drinking alcohol 3 days before the study.
- On the eve of checking out to eat supper and spicy food.
- Stop taking anti-inflammatory non-steroid medications.
- During the day before taking the test, do not eat food that increases gas production. Among these products are allocated apples, legumes, cabbage, black bread.
- The day before the examination, exclude the factors contributing to increased salivation. This includes smoking and chewing gum.
How to donate blood to helikobakter
Special preparation of the blood test for Helicobacter pylori does not require. Among the general recommendations are the following:
- Do not eat fatty or spicy food on the night before.
- An hour before the proposed procedure for taking blood can not be smoked.
- If the analysis for Helicobacter is carried out during the day, then only after 4 hours from the last meal.
What not before the delivery of the stool
Place the material in a sterile container, then immediately go to the laboratory for its delivery. Recommendations for the preparation for analysis are as follows:
- 3 days before the material is withdrawn, stop taking medications that increase intestinal peristalsis.
- Limit the use of medical candles for 3 days before analysis.
- The material must be taken after a natural act of defecation.
Decoding of the blood test for helikobakter pylori
When the blood is taken in the Helicobacter organism, the concentration of immunoglobulins is determined in it. Antibodies are assigned to several groups: M, G and A. The instruction how to decipher the blood test is based on dividing the result into positive and negative. The first is determined at a level of antibodies above the norm, and the second - at a lower value or complete absence of immunoglobulins.
| General Antibody Information | Positive Result | Negative Result | |
| lgA | Revealed rarely, indicate more severe inflammation of the stomach. | The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection. | Infection at an early stage, recovery period or absence of infection with negative results on other antibodies. |
| lgM | Is an indicator of infection at an early stage. | Indicates a Helicobacter pylori infection that is still developing in the body. | If there are no antibodies, then there is no infection in humans either. |
| lgG | Revealed for an infection that lasts for 3-4 weeks, or after a cure for it. | Indicates an infection with Helicobacter pylori infection or its gradual disappearance. With the first option, there is a risk of developing an ulcer or stomach cancer. | Talk about the absence of Helicobacter, but the risk of peptic ulcer remains. It also indicates a recent infection because of this bacterium. |
Respiratory test results
Respiratory analysis for Helicobacter is qualitative and quantitative. If the urease activity of Helicobacter is detected, the result is positive, otherwise - negative. The quantitative side reflects the value that denotes the percentage of the stabilized isotope in the exhaled air. According to this number, we can talk about the defeat of the gastric mucosa Helicobacter. Using an instrument called a mass spectrometer, the exact percentage reflecting the following levels of infection is determined:
- 1-3,4% - light;
- 3,5-6,4% - average;
- 6.5-9.4% - heavy;
- from 9.5% is extremely difficult.