Varicocele is a disease that occurs against the background of varicose veins of the spermatic cord, which causes a bleeding from the testicle. This pathology can cause pain, discomfort, heaviness in the groin.
Inflammation or rupture of vessels with a hemorrhage in the area of the scrotum may occur. Over time, the disease progresses, which leads to a change in the size of the testicle, pathologies of spermatogenesis and infertility.
In varicocele, the full nutrition of the testicle is broken, and as a result, its atrophy may occur. The mesh of venous vessels, which is located near it, is deformed in such a way that the mechanism of thermoregulation is broken.
According to varicocele statistics, 20% of adolescents are diagnosed at the time of puberty and about 10% of boys aged 10-14 years are diagnosed.
And at this age, as a rule, only the initial stage of this pathology is detected. When a teenager undergoes physiological changes associated with rapid growth, the second or third degree of the disease is revealed.
According to WHO, this disease affects about 15% of men. In most cases, a left-sided varicocele is diagnosed, right-sided and bilateral-marked less frequently.
Contents of
- Causes of
- development Causes of
- symptoms Symptoms and manifestations of
- Stages of disease progression and symptoms
- Diagnosis of
- Assistance to adolescent
- Rehabilitation period
- For prophylaxis before and after. ..
- The most important question of
Causes of the development of the disease
The causes of varicocele are elevated venous pressure, which contributes to stretching and changing the shape of the veins.
There are a number of factors that can contribute to the development of the disease:
- is a hereditary predisposition when a child is already born with inelastic with weak vessel walls;
- congenital disorders, for example, absence of valves in the veins of the testicle or their weakening;
- traumatic injuries;
- dysfunction of venous valves, and as a consequence of impaired blood circulation;
- high temperature in the testicles against the background of stagnant phenomena;
- influence of heavy physical exertion;
- malignant formation;
- disorder of oxygen saturation of the testicle;
- chronic stool disorder - constipation;
- diseases of the respiratory tract, under which there is a constant tension of the abdomen;
- strong sexual arousal and lack of sexual contact.
Symptoms and symptoms of
The clinical picture may vary depending on the degree of the disease. For example, the first stage is asymptomatic and the patient 
does not disturb anything. Pathology can be discovered by chance during an examination.
On the second from the third stage, while walking or playing sports, pains of a different nature and discomforting sensations appear. At the last stage the pains become systematic and do not disappear even in a state of rest and during sleep.
The first signs of varicocele in adolescents include:
- drawing or sharp pains in the scrotum and groin area;
- itching;
- burning sensation;
- increased sweating in the groin area;
- feeling of heaviness;
- an increase in the scrotum in size - there is a visible asymmetry.
Stages of disease progression and symptomatology
Several degrees of disease are distinguished depending on the volume of veins of the testis and the spermatic cord, each of which has its own characteristic manifestations:
- 1 degree - veins of the testicle are not detected on palpation, violations will be visible only during diagnostic procedures;
- 2nd degree - venous expansion is detectable only in an upright position;
- 3 degree - pathology is detected in any position;
- 4 degree - the changed appearance of the scrotum is visible to the naked eye.
Diagnosis of
Almost in all cases, the diagnosis of the disease does not cause any difficulties. First of all, the specialist talks with the patient or his parents about all the circumstances of the development of the disease, the time that has elapsed since the first signs appeared and the possible injuries of the lumbar department.
For a complete picture of the diagnosis, use these methods:
- Inspection .Extended venous nodules of a grovelike form are revealed. In some cases, the affected testicle may become flabby and decrease. The degree of varicocele is determined by palpating the patient in different positions( vertical, horizontal, with straining).
- ultrasound of the kidneys and abdominal cavity .It is carried out in order to exclude voluminous formations.
- MRI and CT .There is a thrombosis or presence of pathologies that can contribute to the development of a secondary varicocele.
- Spermogram ( assigned to patients who have reached adulthood).It is held twice with an interval of one week. There is a decreased activity and a decrease in the number of spermatozoa.
Assisting a teenager
Treatment of varicocele in the first and second stages is performed without surgery. Therapeutic measures in this case will be as follows:
- physical activity limitation;
- removal of stool problems;
- use of venotonic drugs, the action of which is aimed at increasing the vascular tone;
- special gymnastics for normalization of blood circulation.
All these activities are conducted with the aim of arresting stagnant phenomena in the pelvic area. 
Surgical treatment is used for severe varicocele when present:
- pain syndrome;
- cosmetic defect;
- delayed development of the affected testis.
Most experts resort to the method of sclerosing the veins of the spermatic cord. In this case, the femoral vein is punctured and a catheter with a special preparation is inserted. The catheter penetrates into the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein and further into the mouth of the affected vein. Due to this, the vascular circulation is normalized.
In recent years, the method of laparoscopy, i.e., ligation of the dilated veins, has become popular. This allows you to reduce the risk of any complications and relapses.
After surgical treatment for certain indications, the doctor can prescribe medication that helps improve spermatogenesis. These include:
- venoprotectors;
- vitamin complexes;
- food additives;
- preparations of the hormonal group.
After surgical intervention, the blood supply of the testicles comes back to normal, and all its functions are fully normalized. Approximately in 2% of all cases there was a dropsy.
Some time after surgery, the patient may be concerned about pain in the groin area, and this is considered quite normal, but if the pain lasts longer than four days, you need to visit a doctor urgently. In very rare cases, relapse is possible.
Rehabilitation period
After the transferred operation, as a rule, after a few days the patient is discharged from the hospital. In the area of a postoperative wound, discomfort, edema, slight soreness and slight bleeding may be felt.
The specialist must prescribe painkillers. To remove puffiness and pain, you need to apply a bubble with ice.
It will also be necessary to visit the doctor for some time to monitor the condition of the wound and further remove the sutures. In the first year after the operation, you need to undergo a medical examination at least three times to measure the density and volume of the testes and scrotum, and timely detection of possible atrophy or dropsy.
In order to prevent before and after. ..
Timely measures allow completely and permanently to get rid of varicocele, however, in order to fix the result and 
exclusion of the possibility of relapse, one must adhere to certain rules:
- systematically undergo urological examination( especially important after the end of puberty);
- not to allow serious physical activity, choose an easy sport that does not imply serious overvoltage;
- in time to get rid of problems with stools, not to allow chronic constipation;
- to have a regular sex life;
- to give up alcohol, since it affects the condition of the vascular walls;
- observe the correct and balanced diet.
The most important question of
Many parents of young patients who are faced with this problem are interested in the question: "Is it possible to have children with this diagnosis in the future?"
The prognosis for varicocele is quite favorable. The disease does not affect the potency in any way. Moreover, numerous medical studies have shown that after the treatment, spermatogenesis is significantly improved, and patients are not further deprived of the opportunity to conceive a child. An important role will be played by the timeliness of medical intervention and correctly selected methods of therapy.
Varicocele is not a fatal disease and is treatable, especially in the early stages, but it is important to remember that a neglected stage can lead to infertility.