When a baby is born, doctors assess the state of his health and skin on the Apgar scale. Congenital diseases after detailed diagnosis are subject to immediate treatment, but the positive dynamics require time and competent medical care. Hip dysplasia is one of the common pathologies in newborns.
What is hip dysplasia in children
This disease is accompanied by underdevelopment of the hip joint of the bones, which is formed as a result of an incorrect location of the femoral head in the acetabulum. Dysplasia is characterized by the following features, which allow the orthopedist to correctly diagnose, determine adequate treatment, objectively predict the clinical outcome.
- Joint capsule pathologically stretches, has a non-standard form in the image of ultrasound( X-ray).
- The acetabulum acquires a flat ellipsoidal shape.
- With dysplasia, there is underdevelopment of the ligamentous apparatus.
- Ossification nuclei are not completely formed.
- Violations of the outline of the femoral head are not excluded, but also the limits of the norm of this index are met.
Hip joint dysplasia is more likely to progress in newborn girls, while the indicator for boys, according to statistics, is 4 times lower. More often the pathology has a one-sided nature, whereas bilateral joint damage is extremely rare in extensive medical practice. In both cases with a timely and competent approach dysplasia of the hip joints of the baby can be cured.
Causes of newborn dysplasia
Doctors identify a number of pathogenic factors that trigger the development of hip dysplasia in newborns. These are the dangerous prerequisites that prevail during the prenatal period or are formed when planning pregnancy. Progress almost immediately after the appearance of the baby in the light - the first examination of the baby specialist. The causes of dysplasia are as follows:
- birth injury;
- breech or pelvic fetal presentation in the womb;
- harmful working conditions of a pregnant woman;
- environmental and social factors;
- genetic predisposition;
- hormonal imbalance in pregnancy;
- severe toxicosis;
- unauthorized reception of individual medications when bearing a fetus;
- infection during pregnancy;
- early or late childbirth;
- vitamin deficiency during pregnancy;
- endocrine diseases of the mother;
- a previous threat of miscarriage, pathological birth.
Symptoms of dysplasia in infants
Disease in the body of a child is diagnosed almost immediately after birth, and doctors assume a risk of exacerbation of dysplasia even when carrying the fetus. Determine the immaturity of the hip joint in a child can already at the first examination, whereas for young parents there are no visual symptoms. In any case, the signs of dysplasia are as follows:
- Asymmetry of the wrinkles on the legs. If you reduce both extremities of the baby, the incompatibility of the skin folds with progressive dysplasia will be obvious.
- Click sound. This symptom occurs when the legs are withdrawn from the position of the "frog" in opposite directions.
- Limited limb guidance. In childhood, this sign of dysplasia is particularly noticeable if you breed the limbs of a newborn in different directions from the same position as the "frog".
- Different length of limbs. Such a dangerous symptom in newborns is characterized by a congenital dislocation of the hip of the last degree.
Diagnosis of hip dislocation
To determine hip dysplasia in newborns, doctors can still go to the hospital after visual inspection of a small patient. To treat the affected hip, they can not, therefore, after discharge, it is strongly recommended that a wide swaddling and an immediate visit to the orthopedist for the subsequent passage of ultrasound. This method of clinical examination determines the degree and type of dysplasia, possible causes and therapeutic measures.
The hip joint ultrasound in infants is allowed from the first days of life. When a child reaches the age of 3 months, orthopedists are strongly advised to use a more accurate diagnostic method - an x-ray to visualize the nuclei of ossification and angles. Ultrasonography of the joint or MRI is an additional measure appropriate for dubious clinical pictures in newborns.
Treatment of dysplasia in children
If after diagnosis hip dysplasia in newborns is diagnosed, an integrated approach to the problem, timely response of the parents is needed. Determine the optimal list and the order of medical and preventive measures can only the attending physician on the basis of decoding passed on the testimony of ultrasound. More often it is:
- gymnastics, daily gymnastics of newborns;
- exercise therapy;
- course of paraffin;
- electrophoresis in the amount of 10-12 procedures;
- course of corrective massage every 3 months to one year of age;
- physiotherapy of newborns;
- a daily sock of special orthopedic adaptations( spacers, a pillow of Freik, Volkov's and Vilensky's tires, wide swaddling, Pavlik's stirrups of the necessary size).
Wide diapering
This affordable method of successful treatment of dysplasia at home is appropriate for subluxation and pre-rupture, it is a kind of "alternative" to the daily wearing of Pavlik's stirrup for newborns. Every young mother should know well how to properly perform this procedure, so as not to start the prevailing pathology of the hip joint. It is necessary to prepare a flannel diaper and a diaper for a larger size. The sequence of actions is as follows:
- The diaper needs to be folded several times to finally get a solid spacer width of 20 cm.
- Put the newborn baby on the changing table, bend the lower limbs for the "frog" posture.
- Place the diaper between the legs of the crumbs so that it does not slip, but in the perineum it divides into two halves.
- Top with diaper or reusable diaper, fix well on Velcro( fasteners).
- Dress the baby, and his legs will be in a stable position on the width of the shoulders.
Such an action for correction of the hip joint of a newborn should be performed daily, supplementing with gymnastics and orthopedic procedures recommended by the orthopedist. The duration of treatment is individual, but on average takes 1-3 months. According to the results of the doctor, repeated ultrasound is performed to evaluate the angles and formed nuclei of ossification of the small patient.
Exercises for hip joints
Treatment of dysplasia necessarily includes special gymnastics that can be performed at home and in the water. These are simple exercises for the mother, which not only accelerate the formation of an underdeveloped thigh, but strengthen the muscular system of the newborn. Charging is important to do in the morning and evening, spending 15-20 minutes of free time on this session for one session. The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Put the child on the changing table on the back, strip naked( remove even the diaper), perform stroking movements from the shoulders to the brushes, from the abdomen to the heels along the limbs.
- Turn the newborn on the stomach, select the "frog" position. After that, massage the outer side of the legs, rub it with gentle movements, and stroke the limbs.
- Turn the newborn on his back, perform similar manipulations with the outside of the tiny legs.
- It is allowed to slightly pinch the crumbs behind the buttocks in order to stimulate the systemic circulation in this way.
- In the same position, bend - unbend limbs to the abdomen, repeating this movement 12 times in one session.
- Rotating the knees clockwise is the last exercise for dysplasia, and it takes 10-15 times without stopping.
- In the evening, a similar training complex can be performed in the water, using slow and smooth movements.
Massage for dysplasia
Correction course is an integral part of effective treatment of dysplasia. Massage the newborn to perform at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months to strengthen muscle mass, cure dysplasia with physiological characteristics. The consequences of the procedures are noticeable after each session, sincerely please the caring mother. For all types of hip dysplasia, parents can massage at home. Doctors are advised to entrust the health of a newborn to a nurse for 10-15 procedures depending on the pathological process.