The work of many systems of the female body depends on the production of hormones. Their number varies, which affects the skin, hair and overall health. For this reason, in the presence of deviations or suspicion of the disease, the doctor prescribes to donate blood to determine the level of hormones. When and how does the procedure take place? The answer is in the instructions below.
Why a blood test for hormones
Normal hormonal disorders before and after childbirth or during menopause are considered normal, but even then the level of these substances in the body needs to be kept under control, because even the smallest deviations indicate problems in the body. The procedure for taking a sample for hormones is not included in the routine examinations and is assigned to check the patient on the pathology of the endocrine system, the disease for gynecology or in other necessary cases:
- is overweight, indicating a change in the hormonal background;
- malfunction of menstruation, which does not have good reasons;
- problems with conception of the child, i.e.infertility;
- suspicion in pregnancy disorders in the development of the fetus;
- acne;
- planning pregnancy, when you need to prepare for conception;
- Benign neoplasm in the chest, for example, fibrocystic breast disease;
- decreased sexual desire;
- miscarriage;
- sexual infantilism;
- predisposition to hereditary diseases;
- deterioration of hair or skin;
- blood pressure jumps;
- severe premenstrual syndrome;
- disorders of the digestive system;
- presence of a tumor of the ovaries or uterus;
- of pregnancy;
- excessive hairiness on the body.
Testing for hormones
Hormones are released by the glands of internal secretion, then after absorption into the blood they begin to regulate the metabolism in the body of nutrients, which include salts and proteins with fats and carbohydrates. After that they are destroyed by special enzymes. Continuity of such a cycle ensures the constant functioning of biochemical processes. Analyzes of hormones in women allow timely detection of imbalance in order to begin treatment and restore, i.e.lower or raise their level.
When to take
The amount of the basic hormones of the reproductive system in women varies, therefore, it is necessary to take tests for them at strictly defined times, which is indicated only by the doctor himself. From the right day and literacy of preparation depends on how good the result of the research and its decoding will be. Mostly, blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach, unless there are other instructions from the doctor. The table shows the time that is suitable for testing.
| hormone | name Effect on body | As analysis is taken on hormones in women |
| pituitary hormones adrenocorticotropic | ||
|
| influences the adrenal cortex, that is necessary for stimulation of cortisol, estrogen, and androgen. The development lies on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. |
|
| Thyroid | promote the synthesis of thyroid hormones: T3 and T4, the lack of which causes hypothyroidism, and excess - hyperthyroidism |
|
| Prolactin | Responsible for ovulation, and for the allocation of milk after childbirth. |
|
|
| follicle is responsible for the production of follicles in the ovaries and estrogen |
|
| Luteinizing | promotes the synthesis of progesterone |
|
| Sexual | ||
| Testosterone | Provides reproductive function. |
|
| Progesterone | Participates in the development of the yellow body of the ovaries, and in pregnancy - the placenta. |
|
| Estradiol | One of the estrogens. Thanks to him, the reproductive system is formed according to the female type. Responsible for the stabilization of the menstrual cycle, the development and growth of the egg or uterus during pregnancy. |
|
|
| ||
| DHEA-sulfate( dhea-s) | The complex is maintained with testosterone level female libido. The excess leads to signs of hirsutism - excessive hairiness on the body. |
|
| Cortisol | Involved in the production of antibodies, synthesized in response to stressful situations. Excess of it can indicate a cyst on the ovaries. |
|
| 17-Hydroxyprogesterone | Normalizes the menstrual cycle and the sexual function of |
|
| hormone Name | time that is suitable for delivery of the analysis |
| pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropic | |
|
| not dependent on menstruation( by prescription) |
| Thyroid | not dependent on menstruation( by prescription) |
| Prolactin | 3-5 days of menstruation cycle |
| Follicle | 3-5 or 19-21 days of menstruation cycle |
| Luteinizing | 4-7 or 19-21 days of menstruation cycle |
| Sexual | |
| Testosterone | 8-10 days of menstrual cycle |
| Progesterone | After 22 days of menstrual flowth cycle Between the 5th and the 9th day of the cycle |
| Estradiol | |
| Adrenal glands | |
| DHEA-sulphate( dhea-s) | 8-10 days of the menstrual cycle |
| Cortisol | Not dependent on menstruation( as directed by the doctor) |
| 17-hydroxyprogesterone | 3-5days of the monthly cycle |
How to donate blood for hormones
How much does the
cost? At the admission, an endocrinologist or a gynecologist for symptoms determines which tests for hormones in women should be taken, and urine tests are often prescribed. You can contact either the state polyclinic or a private institution, for example, the laboratory "Hemotest".The cost of the analysis for female sex hormones for Moscow is about 500-600 rubles, so it is better to conduct a complex examination at once, which will require about 1.5-2 thousand rubles, but the research will be conducted at about 5-6.So you do not have to visit the clinic many times.
The norm in female sex hormones
For women, the change in the number of produced sex hormones is characteristic. This is due to the specific phase of the cycle of menstruation:
- Follicular. The beginning refers to the 1st day of menstruation, and the end - to the formation of a dominant follicle, i.e.until about 14 days.
- Ovulatory. This includes a period equal to 3 days after the release of the dominant follicle from the egg. This is 14-16 days.
- Luteal. Includes the time from ovulation to the next menstruation, i.e.from the 16th to the 28th day.
Ratio of FSH and LH
Before the onset of puberty, the balance of FSH and LH is 1: 1.As the child grows up, this proportion gradually acquires a value of 1: 1.5;the amount of luteinizing becomes larger. This ratio remains with the normal state of health of women until the onset of menopause - the FSH norm in women is less than the amount of LH about 1.5 times.
| hormone | Quantity uU / ml | ||
| Follicular Luteal | Ovulatory |
| |
| FSH | 3-10 10-46 |
| 1,4-7 |
| LH |
| 2-15 24-151 2-16 |
|
hormone progesterone
| Quantitynmol / l | |||
| Women 18 to 90 years old | |||
| Follicular | Ovulatory | Luteal | Climax |
| 0,3-2,2 | 0,5-9,4 | 7,0-56,6 | Less than 0,6 |
| Pregnant | |||
| 1 trimester | 2 trimester | 3 trimester | |
| 8,9-468,4 | 71,5-303,1 | 88,7-771,5 | |
Estradiol
| Hormone | AmountETS, pg / ml | ||||
| Follicular Luteal | Ovulatory |
| menopause | Pregnancy | |
| Estradiol |
| 57-227 77-227 127-476 |
| 19,7-82 | Ranges from 210 to 26,960 |
testosterone norm in women When
analysis of the hormone testosterone in women are investigated by its two types: general and free. The first indicates the level of this substance bound and not associated with the transport of the protein. The last indicator says free testosterone. The level of total is 0.26-1.3 ng / ml. The amount of free testosterone has a dependence not with the phase of the cycle, but with the age of the woman.
| Hormone | Amount, pg / ml | |||
| Up to 20 years | 20-39 years | 40-59 years | Over 60 years old | |
| Testosterone | 0.13-3.09 | 0.13-3.09 | 0.13-2, 6 | 0,13-1,8 |
Prolactin
The permissible level of the prolactin hormone is determined by the clinics according to individual methods, therefore even units of measurement are used different. In general, the amount of 4 to 33 ng / ml is considered normal. The number changes into each specific phase of the menstruation cycle. For pregnant women, it is normal when the prolactin hormone has a high level: its value can be from 34 to 386 ng / ml, and it grows gradually with the development of the fetus.
DHEA Hormone
Under the abbreviation DHEA hides the name "steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone."In women, it is produced by the ovaries, but only in an amount of 5%.The remaining part is synthesized by the adrenal glands. For the age of up to 35 years, the level of this substance varies from 2660 to 11200 nmol / l. In each trimester, hormone analysis in women should show the following DHEA values:
- at 1 - 3.12-12.48 nmol / L;
- in 2 - 1.7-7.0 nmol / l;
- in 3 - 0,86-3,6 nmol / l.