How does it go and what are the periods with infertility?1

Statistics inexorably prove that the number of infertile couples is growing every year around the world. Sometimes, at first glance, perfectly healthy husband and wife have this problem for more than a year, and doctors only grow their hands in search of reasons. And even women who have given birth are not immune from this ailment. Can you independently suspect a pathology? Are the periods different infertility and those that go with a healthy woman? And on what does the probability of conception depend?

The effect of menstruation on conception of

Menstrual function reflects the condition of the female body. And if the cycle is irregular, and critical days are a "test" for a woman, the probability of problems with conception also increases. But it does not always happen. Sometimes even the cycle "by the hour" does not guarantee the absence of any pathologies in the gynecological sphere.

In order to understand how menstruation affect the conception, it is necessary to imagine what it is and why the woman regularly releases blood from the genital tract.

Monthly - the process of rejection of the inner layer of the uterus, resulting in bare blood vessels, and all this leads to bloody discharge. Menstruation is an indicator that conception did not occur in this cycle. After that, the body begins to prepare for the next month.

Normally, the monthly results from the effect of hormones in the pituitary gland of the brain, ovaries and to some extent other parts of the body. With various functional and organic pathologies, these relationships are violated, which ultimately leads to problems with conception.

So, since the beginning of the cycle, there is an increase in the endometrium under the influence of a greater degree of estrogens. At the same time, the ovary should mature in the ovaries in the follicle. In the middle of the cycle, ovulation occurs. At the same time, the hormonal background of a woman changes to the predominant content in the blood of progesterone. At this time, the endometrium begins to "loosen up" and prepare for the adoption of an already fertilized egg. Another hormonal leap testifies that conception did not occur in this cycle, and the inner layer of the uterus starts to be torn off gradually. And in a few days everything is repeated anew.

What conditions can lead to infertility? The main ones are as follows:

• Physiological ovulation can occur in a woman not every month, and this is considered the norm. But the absence of an egg within three cycles is pathology.
• With visually unchanged genitals, a woman may not have full growth and maturation of the follicle. As a result, the trigger mechanism for the onset of menstruation is, but fertilization can not occur, since the egg does not reach its development until the moment of ovulation.
• A long cycle may indicate problems with the ovaries, an excess of estrogens or a lack of progesterone. Any of these conditions can lead to serious problems with conception. Often, there are abundant periods of infertility and infertility.
• Irregular menstruation - a sign of the severity of the connections between the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus and the ovaries. It can also be one of the symptoms of polycystic ovaries and the absence of full ovulation.
• A short menstrual cycle may indicate a lack of estrogen. As a result, the endometrium can not fully "prepare" for the adoption of a fertilized egg. In such situations, you can often observe scanty periods and infertility.

Ovulation is an important factor

Ovulation is the exit of a mature egg from the follicle. Ideally, this process takes place in the middle of the cycle. But in practice it is necessary to collide with another - ovulation on 3, 7, 18, 21 and other days. The only fact remains unchallenged: if there is no escape of the egg, then conception can not occur. That's why all who plan pregnancy, it is recommended to monitor their ovulation. There are several ways to do this. These include:

• The most informative is the definition of ovulation using ultrasound. But for this you need regular examinations with a specialist. It makes sense to do this if you suspect a certain pathology and to believe in the absence / presence of ovulation.
• A common and simple method is to plot the basal temperature graph. In this case, you can not only calculate ovulation, but also assess the hormonal profile of a woman. The basal temperature chart has an important diagnostic value when examining couples with infertility. Tests for ovulation. The modern pharmaceutical industry has long produced entire systems, one-and multiple-use, to determine the estimated time of release of the oocyte from the follicle. The procedure for their implementation is simple, similar to the principles of conventional pregnancy tests.
• Also, ovulation can be roughly determined by the general well-being of a woman, by changing cervical mucus, etc. But these methods are very approximate and have value only in combination with others.

We recommend reading the article on the onset of ovulation. From it you will learn about the maturation of the egg in the woman's body, the beginning of ovulation and its duration, characteristic signs, as well as ways to determine the days that are favorable for conception.

Myths about menstruation

There are a lot of misconceptions about the problems with conception and monthly for a woman. For example, many believe that regular menstruation with infertility can not be, there are always some deviations. However, this statement and many others are false. The most popular "myths" include the following:

• If in a critical day a woman is concerned about pain, she will have problems with conception. In fact, pain is present in 60% of girls, the degree of it depends, in part, on the individual threshold of sensitivity. Also, pain can be a sign of endometriosis. In this situation, infertility can indeed be present.
• Long cycle - obvious problems with conception. In this case, everything depends on the cause of such a violation and duration. If the menstrual cycle is slightly longer, often it does not carry with it problems with conception. In these situations, it is recommended to monitor ovulation more closely.

• With infertility, menstrual periods are always abundant, irregular. Of course, this indicates problems, including the hormonal profile of a woman. But directly with infertility is not connected.
• The ideal monthly testifies to the woman's complete health. But in fact there are many reasons for infertility. A regular menstrual cycle speaks only of the ideal hormonal background, without affecting, for example, the patency of the fallopian tubes, etc.
• Many do not know if there are menstruation for infertility, and think that there are no menstruation in such women. Unambiguously, in their absence of speech, pregnancy can not be. But not always when infertility is a pathology of menstruation.

The real causes of infertility

The established opinion that the cause of infertility is always in the woman, today is not relevant. According to statistics, in the overall structure this burden is divided almost equally among men and women. That is why if you have problems with conception, you need to be examined both.

Infertility - absence of pregnancy during the year in partners with regular sexual activity. If the age of a man or a woman is above 35, the period is shortened to six months.

It is after this time that you should immediately seek medical help to not miss the period when it is still possible to use various modern reproductive technologies.

Male factor

The following causes are the basis of male infertility:

• Pathology of seminal fluid. This includes an insufficient number of spermatozoa, a large number of abnormal forms, inferior, as well as their complete absence in the ejaculate with externally normal sperm.
• Violation of motility of male sex cells: from insignificant to total absence of activity of spermatozoa.
• Presence of an obstacle for moving semen along the vas deferens.

To detect the problem, it is enough to pass the seminal fluid to the analysis. Spermogram will give an idea of ​​the male's involvement in infertility in a pair.

Numerous diseases can lead to the pathology of qualitative and quantitative sperm composition. The most common are:

• varicocele,
• genetic ailments,
• genital infections,
• transferred diseases, for example, parotitis and others,
• genital tract injuries,
• hormonal disorders,
• drug intake and others.

The doctor can finally determine the cause and, possibly, eliminate it.

Female factor

The structure of female infertility is more diverse. Therefore, the examination of girls is longer, sometimes even with the use of operational techniques. The following pathologies lead to the main problems with conception:

• Pipe infertility. This is the most frequent reason for the absence of pregnancy. Whether there are monthly at sterility or barrenness of the given kind? Yes, and often the girl does not notice any pathological symptoms, and sometimes even transferred sexual infections. In such situations, inflammation usually occurs in a less than symptomatic manner. And the problem subsequently arises in the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Endocrine infertility. This includes all diseases that directly or indirectly interfere with the process of ovulation. This is polycystic disease, thyroid and adrenal gland pathology, metabolic syndrome and others.
• Endometriosis. By itself, it does not cause infertility, complications of this pathology are dangerous. Most often, endometriosis leads to a violation of patency of the fallopian tubes, inferiority of the endometrium, and so on. In these situations, painful periods and infertility are often combined.
• Early ovarian depletion, which leads to menopause in 35 to 40 years. Often this can be observed after various operations, for example, about a cyst or endometriosis.
• Immunological infertility is caused by the formation in the cervical mucus of a woman of special antibodies that destroy or immobilize spermatozoa. As a result, they can not penetrate the ovum.
• Genetic infertility in violation of normal chromosomal set in a girl.
• Also, various abnormalities in the development of genital organs can lead to the inability to become pregnant.

There is idiopathic infertility, in which, with a full examination, neither the man nor the woman has obvious causes. In the general structure of pathology, similar cases occur in 10% of couples with problems of conception.

Despite the fact that the monthly reflect the state of the reproductive function of the woman's body, it is not always in their nature and cyclicality to judge the possibility of an independent pregnancy. Whether the infertility causes pain in menstruation, their irregularity or something else in a specific situation can only be answered by a gynecologist after a complete examination of the woman. If you have problems with conception, you should not expect a "miracle" for many years. Especially for a woman every year - is priceless, so seek medical help should be with the first questions. Only in this way it will be possible to take advantage of all the possibilities of modern medicine and experience the joy of motherhood.