The list of infectious diseases is very extensive, the task of the infectious disease doctor is to determine the causes and symptoms of the disease, select the right conservative treatment, provide complete recovery without complications. The disease can last for a long time in asymptomatic form, then the infection recurs. It is important to know what diseases are called infectious in order to seek help from a doctor in time.
What is infectious disease
This is an infectious disease of the body caused by bacteria, or rather their increased activity. The pathological process proceeds under the influence of pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic biological agents that, having toxic properties, gradually destroy the immune cells. The disease is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion of the digestive tract, the pathogenic flora spreads along with the blood flow. Classification of infectious diseases is caused by the nature of the microorganism, the doctor's task is to determine the etiology, to eliminate the provoking factor.
Pathogens
The risk of morbidity in a modern society is high, and this applies equally to adult patients and children. Diseases are of a bacterial nature, a pathogenic infection enters the body by airborne droplets, by contact with an infected person. It is important to understand that some pathogenic agents cause strong intoxication of the body with endotoxins isolated during their life activity, for example, in diphtheria and tetanus. Others - when destroying their own membranes release strong poisons, for example, when infected with typhoid fever.
To successfully cure bacterial diseases of a person, to help immunity to overcome infectious agents, it is necessary to determine competently and in a timely manner which microbe entered the body, in what way, and how it acts on the internal state of health. Features of pathogenic flora can be represented by viral or fungal infections, bacteria, influenza viruses, protozoa, protozoal microbes.
Symptoms of
Such infectious diseases are accompanied by severe intoxication of the body, can become the main reason for immediate hospitalization. A child can become a patient of a children's infectious hospital, badly in need of therapeutic measures. Pathogenic infection occurs in the body in an active and passive form, and in the first case it is a symptomatic:
- high body temperature;
- allergic reactions presented by skin rash;
- recurrence of respiratory diseases;
- migraine attacks;
- aches all over the body;
- disorder of the digestive tract;
- intensity of cutaneous lesions;Runny nose, dry cough.
Causes of
A disease-causing infection is transmitted not only by airborne droplets, if an infected person is nearby. Allocate other pathways of transmission of dangerous infections with a brief characteristic:
- Almentary pathway. Microbes, being dangerous carriers of infection, enter the body through the digestive system.
- Airborne droplet path. Diseases of infectious nature progress with lesions of the respiratory system.
- Contact Path. Toxic substances of pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted sexually, with the joint use of household items.
- Patient's infected blood when using non-sterile medical instruments, from mother to fetus during labor activity
List of infectious diseases
The patient should beware not only of viral hepatitis, it is advisable not to contact plague pathogens, influenza viruses, to prevent the spread of infectious pathologies at any age. The clinical outcome for the patient may not be the most favorable. Diseases are of different types, the most common classifications of infectious ailments are presented below depending on the acute viral microbes:
- prion: fatal familial insomnia, kuru;
- bacterial: salmonellosis, cholera, anthrax;
- germs of fungal diseases: thrush;
- viral: infection with influenza, measles, HIV, hepatitis;
- protozoal: malaria, amoebiasis.
Mass infectious diseases
In case of viral diseases, it is necessary to start treatment in time, because with marked clinical manifestations the quality of life of a patient of any age is markedly reduced. In case of airborne infections, the spread of the infectious process is widespread, and patients with weakened immunity are at risk. The disease is characterized by fever, and the source of infection prevails in places of increased concentrations of people. Here are the most dangerous diagnoses:
- Amebiasis with a short incubation period and dissemination in the rectum of amoebas.
- Ascaridosis occurs in intestinal infections, provoked by increased activity of helminths.
- Varicella, which is more likely to infect young children from already infected carriers of the virus.
- Hepatitis C is a scourge of the population, and patients suffer from severe liver damage with impaired functions of this body. Dangerous to humans and hepatitis B.
- Diphtheria - in upper respiratory tract infections, skin, mucous membranes.
- Symptoms of influenza are characterized by damage to the ear, throat, nose, and lungs, while the pathogenesis of infectious disease is difficult to differentiate.
Chronic
Symptoms of lesions that last for a week, at the same time are characterized by moderate intensity, suggest a chronic disease of infectious nature. They manifest themselves from time to time, then subside for an indefinite time interval. Relapses of the disease are due to the peculiarities of individual therapy, they have several stages. Of the list of such diseases should be isolated herpes, AIDS, human papillomavirus, infectious mononucleosis, shingles, syphilis, anthrax with the risk of death.
Classification of
In viral and parasitic diseases, it is important not only to identify the focus of pathology, but also the characteristics of the pathogen environment. This is an important component of the medical history, which accelerates the reception of positive dynamics, gives hope for a favorable clinical outcome. Symptoms of defeat develop spontaneously, disrupt the functions of internal organs and systems. To representatives of pathogenic flora should be:
- Rubella is characterized by the defeat of the skin, respiratory tract, cervical lymph nodes.
- "Pig" makes the focus of pathology salivary glands and lymph nodes.
- Herpes affects the mucous membranes, has several stages with specific symptoms.
- Epstein-Barr virus affects the tissues of the pharynx, lymph nodes, liver and spleen.
- Hepatitis destroys the liver, breaks the blood, can cause sepsis.
Diagnostics of
The main methods for detecting the pathogenic environment by the list are presented below:
- direct to identify an infectious agent;
- indirect for studying the reaction of the organism to the presence of a microbe;
- paraclinic to confirm the pathological process.
Treatment of diseases
For intensive therapy and prevention of influenza, other infectious ailments it is required to visit the doctor immediately, to determine the scheme of entering the necessary medications into the body. Human viral infections are difficult to eliminate, and the need for choosing antibiotic treatment is determined by the doctor individually. Here is a list of pharmacological groups that should be used:
- antibacterial preparations against pathogenic flora: penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones;
- bacteriophages for normalization of intestinal flora, provide the prevention of infectious diseases: Klebsifag, proteus bacteriophage, Piobacteriophage, Klebsiell;
- interferon for enhancing the body's immune response: Genferon, Grippferon, Alfaferon, Nasoferon;
- immunomodulating drugs for the correction of the immune system under the influence of infectious flora: Cycloferon, Ergoferon;
- multivitamin complexes strengthen the body after the disease, help fight the pathogenic infection: AlphaVit, Duovit, Pikovit, Elevit.
Prevention
The list of preventive measures is extensive, but it is recommended to begin with preventive vaccination, especially in childhood. Immunizations from infectious ailments are shown to be done by age, additionally avoiding places of mass infection during the epidemic, to observe personal hygiene and food processing rules, to treat rotavirus infection and other diseases on time.