A septic tank is an autonomous device that provides waste and sewage treatment. Apply this design in places where there is no centralized water disposal system - in cottages, small towns. At present, the assortment of such devices includes different models of septic tanks, differing in material of manufacture, productivity, cleaning methods and cost.
Principles of operation of septic tank
All septic tanks on the domestic market are designed for waste disposal before they enter the ground. The work of these devices is provided by a special design, which in 2-3 stages cleanses water of stinking elements and products of human vital activity. The whole process takes place in the compartments of a septic tank located either underground or on its surface. Modern models of devices provide three-level cleaning according to the following principle:
- In the first compartment of the septic tank there is a stratification: heavy wastes settle on the bottom, the lungs rise to the surface, the water occupies an intermediate position between these layers.
- In the second tank, special bacteria are used for the purification of impurities, which feed on impurities.
- The third septic compartment is a chamber with air. In contrast to the first two, the work in it is conducted by aerobic bacteria that process the remaining waste into acetic acid and carbon dioxide.
Types of septic tanks for a private house
A simple cesspool was recently used to install a private water drain. However, modern villagers and villagers are trying to increase their level of existence, combine the convenience of urban communications and life in the bosom of nature. Therefore, many owners of private houses are trying to acquire communications for drainage - septic tanks. Depending on the specific operation of the models, these devices are divided into several characteristics.
By the way
works Modern homeowners can afford to buy a ready-made septic tank, which only needs to be installed in the place chosen for it and connected to a common sewerage system. When you are ready to do this, you will be introduced to the differences between the main types of these devices:
- Structures equipped with a soil filtration system. If owners live in a private house all year round, and the water pipe is constantly in operation, in this case it is best to stop at the septic tank. This unit not only accumulates liquid, but also cleans it well. The main advantage of the design is the rare cleaning of such a model.
If it is required to increase the time between the septic tank emptying, the use of special bacteria will help. Such a design may have one, two or three special chambers that are connected to each other. In an area where groundwater rises very much, it is impossible to establish them, because mud can penetrate water sources through the soil.
- Cumulative. Such a septic tank is a modernized type of cesspool. It is a chamber in which drains accumulate. When water enters the reservoir, the waste is divided into several fractions. The design implies that organic contaminants are constantly split, and effluents with mechanical impurities are defended.
With this system, you can ensure that the effluents are completely recycled, as they pass through a second purification or in a tank, or already in the ground. This device is capable of withstanding a lot of pressure in emergency situations. A modern model of the reservoir is a sealed tank, in which waste is collected before the purification period. This option is used where a small amount of waste accumulates.
- Sewerage with deep biological treatment. Modernized designs of this level are used by several drainage processing systems: defending mechanical waste, biological and chemical treatment. How do these stations work? In the first compartment water accumulates, after which it is divided( into light and heavy fractions).Then the liquid is purified with the help of bacteria both anaerobic and aerobic.
Sewage passes the chemical decontamination system right before being discarded. The disadvantage is the very high cost of this septic tank, but such a waste of money is considered a good profitable investment. There are no other associated costs that will ensure the functioning of a local septic tank.
Based on fabrication material
Modern technologies allowed the manufacturers of sanotechnology equipment to create various stationary cleaning systems and structures, differing in the materials of manufacture. There are a number of septic tanks that are mounted independently with the help of materials available to the landlord. Consider the well-known self-made and professional systems and designs for disposing of household waste:
- Of concrete rings. Features of this type of septic tank is their durability. Such structures have good resistance to mechanical and aggressive impacts. Concrete septic tanks have good capacity. Certain substances are added to the cement, which can increase the hygroscopicity of the unit and its durability. The only negative of such a septic tank is in a difficult installation.
- Of tires. Collection of the camera of the device is made with the help of old tires, which are stacked on top of each other. This septic tank is the most inexpensive, because "building material" can get a free gift. The installation of such a model is not complicated either. It is suitable for people who have a dacha, but do not have the right amount of money to install and buy septic tanks. This model of septic can not be called sealed, so tires can cause contamination of the country territory.
- Of brick. If you decide to construct a brick septic tank, make a pit of the right size. Lay out the walls of the chambers, apply the principle, as when laying the walls "in one brick."The main disadvantage of this septic tank is its low tightness. Cameras need waterproofing. To do this, use a special cement solution. Advantages of brick septic tank - simplicity of materials, simple installation, special equipment is not needed.
- Made of stainless steel. One of the most popular varieties of purification systems are structures made of steel. Their performance characteristics are practically the same as concrete ones. They are resistant to corrosion, durable, not affected by aggressive components. But such devices have a number of disadvantages, among them high cost of septic tanks and the use of special equipment for installation of equipment.
According to the
form, septic tanks are distinguished in the form of the structures themselves. Depending on how the compartments are located, modern cleaning systems are represented by two varieties:
- Vertical. This type of device provides for a camera in the form of a barrel containing a hatch at the top. Installation of a vertical septic requires the digging of a deep foundation pit. However, installation does not take much space. To choose such a septic tank is better for homeowners, whose plots do not differ in large areas.
- Horizontal. Septic tanks of this type represent a kind of construction resembling a chamber in which there are several hatches. For its installation, no serious depressions are required, but the area occupied by the horizontal purification system will be much larger. This version of the device is recommended for areas with a high level of location of groundwater and the availability of free space, which is not a pity to take under the septic tank.
According to the location of the
cameras, septic tanks are a convenient thing, which became a necessity. The choice offered by manufacturers allows to install devices on the site, not only differing in materials of manufacture, form, methods of cleaning. Thus, according to the location of the cameras, the following types of septic tanks are distinguished:
- Surface. These devices are a sealed container, which is installed either directly on the surface of the soil, or slightly digested. The principle of operation of such septic tanks remains the same - in the compartments there is filtration and purification of sewage. The hermetic design of surface models does not allow leakage to unpleasant odors beyond its limits.
- Underground. Devices of this type are more common. The main advantage of the underground septic tank is the absence of cumbersome communications on the site. They represent a structure containing two or three compartments, dug into the soil. The degree of their deepening depends on the form of the septic tank. Underground devices can be made with any affordable, inexpensive material.
Criteria for selecting a septic tank for the private sector
The purpose of any type of septic tank is to provide the possibility of wastewater treatment before they enter the soil. When choosing a model of the system for a private house, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors related to the characteristics of the purification plant itself, the installation method, the maintenance costs, and the design performance requirements. When acquiring a septic tank, check the important characteristics of the device.
Material septic tank
One of the main points to look for when buying a cleaning device is the material used in the manufacture of the structure. For the manufacture of septic tanks it is customary to use the following materials:
- Plastic or fiberglass. The most popular type of material in the manufacture, as self-made structures, and factory models. When the purification system is used, plastic bags of the appropriate volume, the so-called Eurocubes, are used by their own hands.
- Concrete or reinforced concrete. In this case, a self-made septic tank construction is envisaged, for which either finished rings produced by the reinforced concrete plant or the construction of a monolithic compartment by pouring concrete in situ are used.
- Brick. For such structures, clinker brick is required, which does not respond to the destructive effects of water.
- Aids. If you want to save many homeowners use for the construction of suitable containers and materials - old metal barrels, large tires.
Choice of the model depending on the geological features of the site
When deciding on the choice of a septic tank for a private house or cottage, it is necessary to find out the geological features of the site, including the nature of the ground, the depth of groundwater and the possibility of seasonal rise in their level. If your site has sandy soil, then the choice of type of septic tank is not limited. On such soils it is allowed to build simple settling tanks with devices for soil aftertreatment.
Suitable storage devices( brick structures) or biological treatment stations. If there is a clayey soil on the site, the septic tank should be chosen taking into account its low ability to pass water. For such cases, experts recommend the installation of storage tanks or biological treatment stations. Models with soil post-treatment will not work, because they will cause swamping of the terrain.
Principle of operation and cleaning
When selecting a septic tank, pay attention to the operating methods of the device. If you are ready for periodic water pumping, you can use the drives regardless of the material of manufacture. Such septic tanks are installed at small volumes of wastewater. If you do not intend to waste time on this procedure, refer to biological treatment systems in which all the work is done by the bacteria, or to soil post-treatment designs, where the soil is responsible for filtering the effluents.
Volume of the
tank The volume of the model chambers should be selected depending on the amount of water consumption. According to the existing sanitary standards, the capacity of the design compartment should exceed three times the amount of water consumed. When calculating this indicator, it is taken into account that 200 liters of water per person per day leave. So, for a family of 4 people you need a two-chamber septic tank with a volume of 3.5 cu. When consuming one cubic meter, a single-compartment design is also suitable. At a consumption of more than 10 cubes, a three-chamber model is needed.
Quality
Great attention is paid to quality when choosing a cleaning device. This indicator depends on the material used in the design, installation costs. No less important is the choice of the manufacturer of the septic tank. Many unscrupulous companies save on the manufacture of equipment and use cheap materials. In this regard, when buying an item, it is better to trust manufacturers with a name.
Price
Another important criterion in the acquisition of a septic tank is its cost. It is established by the manufacturer, depending on the cost of manufacturing the model. The price of the devices largely determines the quality, durability and further maintenance of the equipment. Cheap models, the cost of which starts from 20 thousand, do not always meet expectations. If you are interested in quality, durable equipment, be prepared to spend on it from 70-80 thousand.
Review of the most popular manufacturers of septic tanks for a private house
Rating of the most popular firms producing sewage treatment plants includes the following trademarks: Rosecology, City Eco Plast, Helix, Aqua, Topas, Bioxy, Ecopan. All of them are domestic manufacturers, producing reliable equipment in accordance with modern requirements and environmental standards. The assortment of these companies contains septic tanks that meet the geological conditions of any soil and take into account individual volumes of water consumption.
Where to buy and how much are
To buy sewage treatment systems offers a number of specialized stores that sell equipment for garden plots and country houses. Among them, sellers are very popular, offering their products on the Internet. In the table below you can get acquainted with the prices for popular models of septic tanks sold both in regular stores and on online sites:
| Store name, address | Models of septic tanks | Price in rub. |
| OOO Mega Story. Moscow Region, Lyubertsy, ul. Initiative, d. 15 | Topas 4 Topas 5 Topas 6 Topas 8 | 69210 76950 80010 96210 |
| LLC Eco-canals Moscow ul. Nagatinskaya, 34 | Topas 4 Topas 5 Unilos Astra 3 Unilos Astra 5 | 76900 85500 65000 79700 |
| Plastic Center. Moscow, st. Perovskaya etc. 66 | Breeze 1 Bars | 57800-64300 26000 |
| Nordic. Saint-PetersburgKolya Tomchak 28, building 1, office.408 | Topas 5 Unilos Astra 3 | 76950 58905 |
| SepticService. St. Petersburg, Serpukhovskaya St. 34 | Unilos Astra 3 Biotal 1,5 | 58905 137800 |
The cost of popular septic tanks in online stores is as follows:
| Address of the online store | Models of septic tanks | Price in rub. |
| septik-dachi.ru | Topaz 5 Topas 10 Unilos Astra 3 Astra 10 | 85500 134500 65000 118000 |
| topol-eco.ru | Topas 5 Topas 8 | 85500 106900 |
| septiktermit.ru | Termite Profi-1.2f Termite Profi-2 | 24000 36500 |
| uniseptik.ru | Unilos Astra 5 | 79700 |
| avtonomno.ru | Astra Cedar Topas 5 Topas 8 Pelican 5 | 79900 85500 106900 70805 |
Video: stand-alone septic for a country house with your own hands
If there is no possibility to purchase a factory septic tank, the wastewater treatment system is made independently. You will need a container of volume that meets your water consumption standards, sewer pipes, a set of keys, gaskets and your own savvy. To construct a structure, it is not necessary to be an expert. It is necessary to think over all the details of the device, to study the features of the site, the slope and composition of the soil. Will help you in this video story:
Reviews
Valery, 58 years old
I have a regular drive in my dacha, which I laid out of the brick 20 years ago. Until now, the reservoir has not accumulated water to the purification level. The land is sandy, and the water itself seeps through the walls into the ground. The pit of the accumulator is very large, its volume considerably exceeds the amount of water that enters it. Therefore, I do not see the need to spend a lot of money on the purchase of the factory model.
Petrovich, 45 years
We live in the village, we have never had a central sewer. I installed the cleaning system myself. Before the construction of the structure, it calculated the water consumption, made a septic tank drawing with three "pockets" of the type "with soil after-treatment".But due to the fact that I did not seal the observation window, but covered it with an iron ring, the whole family was forced to inhale unpleasant smells.
Irina Vladislavovna, 38 years old
In our country house we have installed a septic tank with a capacity of 3 m3.We chose a model from the photo on the Internet. It is enough for our family of three people, taking into account the fact that we are at home with a total complexity of about three months a year. I think that the model is worth its money. We did not observe any foreign smell or dirty water out of this structure. Everything is neat, convenient, you do not need to think about drainage or repair.