In the menstrual cycle, the most important role belongs to the ovaries. They participate in the production of hormones that provide the process phases, in them the female germ cell is excreted and perfected. Therefore, men with polycystic ovaries usually acquire a completely different character.
What is polycystic
For various reasons, the follicle ripening in the ovaries does not open, releasing the female germ cell, but remains on the surface of the organ. The normal process of its exit is disturbed because of imbalance of hormones, in which the hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenals can be guilty. As a result, the surface of the ovary thickens, appears to be strewn with small neoplasms - cysts. And ovulation does not occur.
In a number of cases, the ailment can not claim anything about itself. But sometimes the polycystosis of the ovaries has clear and peculiar symptoms:
- The appearance of hair on the body, in places and amounts not characteristic of women, that is over the upper lip, on the cheeks, chin, chest, limbs. On the head, the head of hear, on the contrary, thinens on the male type. All this is caused by an excessive concentration of androgens, which, however, is not always fixed. But in 70% of cases in the blood there is an excess of insulin, which provokes an increased synthesis of male hormones;
- Continuous pain in the abdominal and pelvic area. It is caused by an increase in the ovaries and their pressure on the surrounding tissues;
- The appearance of excess weight. A woman can add up to a couple of dozen kilograms in a short time. This is due to increased production of estrogens;
- Thickening of the ovarian membrane. It becomes more dense, smooth, small cysts spread over the surface;
- Infringements of time frames of a menstrual cycle and character of allocation. The influence of polycystic ovaries on the monthly is due to the hormonal nature of the disease, in spite of the difference in the causes that cause it. The cycle goes astray, the menstruation becomes, as a rule, meager, more painful;
- Strengthening the production of sebum, which provokes acne on the face, chest and back, increased fat content of hair;
- Difficulty with conception or infertility. This symptom is a consequence of the violation of the cycle and all the work of the reproductive system.
Waiting for menstruation
In the cycle, the follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones that are produced by the ovaries play a decisive role. It is these organs that mainly suffer from the disease. Therefore, it is natural to doubt whether there can be menstruation with polycystic ovaries.
In some cases, the presence of the disease only and can be suspected of menstruating, since other symptoms are almost invisible. The work of the ovaries is disturbed, but does not stop completely, so polycystosis, a delay in menstrual bleeding and a profuse bleeding between them is the usual combination in a cycle.
The length of the cycle in polycystosis
The main reason for the lag of menstruation from the usual schedule is the lack of the necessary amount of hormones. The FSH and LH needed to start the process should stimulate other substances for which the endocrine system is responsible. As a result of the failure of her work, the proportions of hormones are violated, the follicle does not ripen, remaining on the surface of the organ. Delay of menstruation with polycystic ovaries can last from 2 weeks to several months. Paired organs do not have the ability to produce sufficient for the second stage of the cycle of estrogens in sufficient quantity, since the female germ cell does not ripen, the yellow body is not formed. Endometrium develops more slowly. The absence of menstruation can be so long( up to several months), that for the first time a woman who has been confronted with a diagnosis can not understand if there are any menstruation in polycystosis.
Disease among other gynecological ailments is not the first in frequency. But it can manifest itself in adolescence in the absence of a girl's sexual life. And if time has come, but she has no menarche after menarche, polycystosis is the first thing to assume.
In adult women, the disease has slightly different causes than in adolescents. In addition to reducing the production of FSH and LH, an increase in prolactin is recorded during the examination. Normally, a hormone in such quantities is synthesized during pregnancy for the subsequent production of milk. Its high level is observed during lactation. The more often the baby is put to the chest, the more the hormone is, and the first menstrual period is postponed further. If polycystosis is diagnosed, there is no monthly one for a year, so the analysis will reveal the prohibitive values of the prolactin that suppresses them.
When the monthly come on time
Sometimes it happens that the diagnosis of "polycystosis" monthly regular. And the problem is discovered almost by accident, when a woman turns to the doctor for pain in the side with careless movement or during sex. There are no other symptoms of the disease, weight remains at the same level, abnormal body hair is absent. With the diagnosis of "polycystic ovary", monthly regular periods occur when one of the paired organs is affected. The androgen index is not significantly exceeded. But this is by no means a guarantee of monthly ovulation, as can be seen by measuring the basal temperature in the middle of the cycle. Its values will remain the same as before and after. While in normal maturation of the egg is accompanied by an increase in basal temperature.
Do I need to provoke menstruation in case of polycystosis
Frequent delays cause me to look for ways to induce menstruation in polycystosis. When establishing the diagnosis and the absence of hirsutism, obesity specialist can recommend:
- Dufaston. This is artificially synthesized progesterone, which in the second half of the cycle is not enough for the development of the endometrium, and hence the beginning of a new menstruation. Duphaston is taken from 14-16 days to 25-27 for 1 tablet;
- Utrozestan. The vegetable analogue of Dufaston is also used to increase the level of progesterone. For some women, it is more suitable, since it almost does not cause adverse reactions;
- Norkolut. The drug contains a progestogen analog, which reduces the tone of the uterus and affects the ovaries, inhibiting the development of the egg. Norkolut take 2 tablets 7 days. After termination, menstruation should come.
It is worth knowing that even if necessary to restore the monthly with "light" polycystosis, taking place without other severe symptoms, these drugs are not a panacea at all. They will help in eliminating only one sign of the disease and then for a while. In most women, menstruation returns to the previous unstable state after discontinuation. Use these drugs uncontrolledly impossible, since the way to normalize the monthly should be selected taking into account the causes and circumstances of the onset of the disease. For example, Norkolut is contraindicated in obesity and elevated blood sugar, which are often noted in patients with polycystosis. Independently supplement the doctor's appointment of one of the preparations can only be a decoction of parsley, nettle, using vitamins C and E. They will restore immunity and help maintain the balance of hormones.
Character of menstruation
Malfunction of the ovaries, inhibition of the production of some hormones and an overabundance of others can give menstruation any character. But the meager months with polycystosis - the most likely development of the disease. The cause of such secretions is the lack of ovulation and the hormone-induced impairment of the endometrium. The egg does not mature, which gives the body a signal about the absence of the need to prepare for possible fertilization. Therefore, the endometrium does not have a reason to thicken and loosen to receive a fetal egg. So, its further development, when it is normal in norm and gradually but steadily separates the upper layer of cells, is also broken.
Undeveloped endometrium with polycystic is not uniformly output. Hormonal failure leads to its inability to grow and renew. Hence the meager months with polycystic ovaries. All this together makes conception difficult or even impossible. Almost always when menstruating there is pain in the groin area, giving back. Tearing sensations in the side and abdomen can remind of the disease on other days.
Another feature that is characterized by polycystic dysplasia before menstruation. It is observed not immediately before menstruation, but a week or two before it. The disease is characterized by an increase in the amount of estrogens combined with a decrease in progesterone. Endometrium from such an influence thickens, which causes the accumulated tissue from time to time to unevenly separate from the critical days.
Treatment of
Among other gynecological diseases, the syndrome does not take the first place in prevalence. But the ailment is not one of those that can be dismissed for a long time, dulling unpleasant symptoms with tablets.
Perseverance and teaming up with good specialists are able to defeat polycystic ovaries, treatment is complex and quite lengthy. They always start with hormonal preparations:
- Metformin, Siofor. These are drugs that reduce blood glucose levels. It would seem, what does polycystosis mean? But the fact is that hormonal disorders that are peculiar to the disease often make the body tissues insensitive to insulin. Hence the increase in its concentration in the blood, increased appetite and obesity. Metformin copes with excess sugar, reducing the excessive need for food and weight. Often, 3-6 months of use of the drug allows you to return to normal and menstrual cycle;
- Diana 35, Yarina, Janine, Marvelon, Logest. Oral contraceptives are based on estrogen and progestogen. They suppress the synthesis of male hormones, which in polycystic overabundance. To get rid of excess hair, contraceptives are supplemented with anti-androgenic Veroshpiron and Flutamide;
- Bromocriptine. Assigned to reduce the secretion of prolactin, reduces swelling of the tissues, especially in the area of the mammary glands;
- Clostilbite. Therapy with this drug is stimulated by ovulation. Its anti-estrogenic properties after cancellation give the effect of producing the right proportions of FSH and LH for the maturation of the follicle and the release of the egg. Clostilbegit is prescribed from 5 to 9 days of the menstrual cycle at 0.05 g for 3 months.
Surgery in polycystosis
In the absence of the desired result from conservative treatment, the output is an operation. Laparoscopy for polycystic ovaries is the best option, combining efficacy with the least cost for the patient. With general anesthesia on the abdomen, women make thin punctures, through which they inject instruments and a video camera. Depending on the existing picture of the disease, the procedure of surgery is chosen. The ovaries are released from the sclerized shell, the cysts that are formed are cut. After that they have the possibility of normal development of the follicles and female sex cells.
After treatment of polycystic ovary
If the treatment was conservative, that is, using hormonal drugs, the main thing that it gives is the restoration of the regularity of the cycle. Menstruation comes on schedule after the completion of the course of tablets, they become less painful, their volume corresponds to the average rate. The presence of ovulation can be determined by measuring the basal temperature throughout the cycle. Maturation of the egg does not happen in each of them. But a quick result should not be expected, the therapy can be conducted for more than six months.
Menstruation becomes more abundant, it is possible to shorten the cycle, as the organs released from cysts and dense membranes begin to function actively. But soreness is markedly reduced due to the normalization of the hormonal background and a reduction in the size of the ovaries, edema. If the bottom of the abdomen feels constant pain, you need to ask for clarification of the reasons for the doctor.
Monthly for initial or prolonged polycystic ovary is not the only variable factor. But their negative changes are the greatest danger to health. This is not only infertility, but also an increased likelihood of development of oncological diseases of the reproductive sphere. Polycysticosis sometimes requires long treatment and patience. Do not be afraid of the operation, after it, the return of the appearance and functions of the body go much faster.
Before using any medications, consult a physician specialist. There are contraindications.