The norm of hemoglobin by age in children: table. Why does the child have elevated or decreased hemoglobin?

The blood test includes many indicators, one of which is hemoglobin. Seeing strange figures, many parents start to panic. What is hemoglobin and what are its norms for children, we learn below.

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing blood protein that is found in red blood cells. Its main role is to perform gas exchange between lung cells, delivering oxygen and taking carbon dioxide.

Also hemoglobin is involved in metabolism. The level of this protein as a whole determines the functioning of the body, so any deviation from the norm leads to the development of serious diseases. Thanks to the iron atoms in the hemoglobin, our blood becomes red.

Gender and age determine the norms of hemoglobin level, in women, men and children it is different. Up to 12 years, the floor has no influence.

What should be the hemoglobin in a child?

Erythrocytes

The hemoglobin of children differs depending on the age group. Infants have the highest level, which is normalized to the year of his life( replacement of fetal hemoglobin for glycolyzed).In a one-year-old child, the norm of hemoglobin is 110 g / l, from 1-3 years the level should not exceed 120 g / l.

Hemoglobin level in children by age, table

Age	Level, g / l	Mean, g / l
Neonates	135-140	165
Up to 1 month	100-200	139
1-2 months	100-180	112
2-6 months	105-140	126
6 months - 2 years	105-135	120
2 - 6 years	115-135	125
6 - 12 years	115-155	135
12-18 years old( g)	120-160	145
12-18years( m)	130-160	140

Hemoglobin in premature infants

Preterm infants

• The development of anemia associated with iron deficiency in a premature baby is most commona pathology. Such children at birth have increased fetal hemoglobin, which is slowly replaced by an adult
• . If the term for a full-term child takes an average of 3-4 months, the preterm baby is stretched to the year
• . The newborn contains a large amount of iron, but in preterm infantsreutilization of iron is reduced. There is a withdrawal of this element with feces, which leads to its further deficiency
• A premature baby may develop early anemia, which develops from the 4th week of his life and in most cases favorably proceeds. The symptoms of early and late anemia are similar: pale skin and mucous membranes, decreased appetite, lethargy, dry skin, systolic murmur, increased liver and spleen size, tachycardia and hypochromia

IMPORTANT:iron deficiency in premature infants leads to the appearance of chronic hypoxia, thereby slowing the physical and mental development of the

Symptoms and causes, treatment of high hemoglobin in children

Delivery of analyzes for hemoglobin

High hemoglobin can speak about any disease of the internal organ. This involves a large production of red blood cells, aimed at providing the damaged area with oxygen. A large number of red blood cells leads to a thickening of the blood and a violation of its circulation.

Symptoms of of high hemoglobin: fatigue, lethargy, lack of appetite, drowsiness or insomnia, increased blood pressure, the appearance of bruises on the body

IMPORTANT: when these symptoms occur, consult a doctor to find out the cause of the increase in hemoglobin

. The reason for is high hemoglobin content in the bloodcan become such diseases as: congenital heart disease and heart failure, tumor processes in the circulatory system and oncological diseases in general, pulmonary fibrosisand pulmonary insufficiency, allergy, intestinal obstruction and increased erythropoietin content in the kidneys.

In addition to diseases, increasing the level of hemoglobin can cause thickening of the blood. In particular, this applies to newborns, so it is important to give a drink to a baby, especially in hot weather or a hot place.

IMPORTANT: monitor the hemoglobin content in the blood, passing an appropriate

analysis once a year. Treatment of high hemoglobin in children includes:

• medical examination for the diagnosis of cancer or blood disease and further appropriate treatment
• treatment procedure using leeches
• rationfood should consist of seafood, vegetables, fruits( except red), cereals, salads, cottage cheese and beans. Exclude meat, liver, as well as high cholesterol-containing foods

If no disease or pathology is found during the examination, treat high hemoglobin with medicines not allowed. In this case, to reduce the level of hemoglobin to the norm will help only abundant drink, a balanced diet and fresh air.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin in children

Vertigo in a child

A low level of hemoglobin leads to a decrease in the functionality of the body due to lack of oxygen. The disease does not appear for a long time, it can be noticed if it deviates from the normal state of the child. The main symptom of decreased hemoglobin is a violation in the immune system( the child is prone to seasonal diseases).

• Paleness of the skin
• Dryness of the mucous membranes
• Instability of the chair
• Drowsiness and fatigue
• Irritability and moodiness
• Thermoregulation disorder
• Frequent dizziness - also symptoms of low hemoglobin

What causes a decrease in hemoglobin in children? Causes of

Unbalanced diet

The causes of of decreased hemoglobin in a child can be all kinds, so several types of anemia are identified:

• resulting from injuries and blood loss( acute anemia)
• with nosebleeds( chronic anemia)
• manifested as a consequence of iron deficiency( iron deficiency anemia)
• developing under the influence of toxins or lack of enzymes, as well as in the development of autoimmune diseases and hemolytic jaundice( hemolytic anemia)

C causeswe should include:

• lack of vitamin B12, folic acid or copper
• active growth of the child exceeding the normal parameters
• unbalanced nutrition
• early weaning from the mother's breast( iron is contained in breast milk and digested by it helps the protein lactoferrin, so weaning then breastfeeding or stopping lactationleads to a decrease in hemoglobin)
• dysbacteriosis( any disruption of the intestine affects the absorption by the body of vitamins, macro- and microelements, including iron)
• of heredityь

Insufficient intake of iron during pregnancy from mother to child and heavy bleeding during fetal pregnancy increase the risk of a baby with a low hemoglobin.

Products that increase hemoglobin

Products that increase hemoglobin

The diet of a baby with low hemoglobin should include iron-containing foods, and such as trace elements like copper and manganese:

• Egg yolks
• Beef and pork liver
• Turkey
• Pulses( peas, beans)
• Walnuts
• Beets, pumpkins, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes and spinach
• Pomegranate, apricots, apples, bananas, peaches, grapes, plums
• Greens
• Buckwheat, oatmeal
• Dried fruits
• Briar
• Mcoarse ground

Heat treatment does not affect the content of iron in foods, so you can drink your child and compote, and feed the baked fruit. With the exception of black tea and cereals,they block the absorption of iron.

IMPORTANT: with reduced hemoglobin, vegetarianism is strictly forbidden

Medications and preparations for hemoglobin normalization in children

Use of iron-containing preparations

Proper nutrition may not be enough to normalize hemoglobin, therefore medication is often prescribed. Medicines and preparations are selected by the doctor individually for each child, depending on the degree of the disease. Duration of treatment from 3 to 6 months.

Iron-containing preparations:

• Sorbifer Durules( contraindicated for children under 12 years old)
• Ferrum Lek( dosage is adjusted individually depending on body weight)
• Totem( applied from 3 months)
• Ferretab, Iron Gluconate, Feronat, Aktiferrin Compositum, Maltofer, Ferronal, Tardiferon, Ferrograd S and others.

In order to avoid problems with hemoglobin, it is important for parents, when symptoms develop, to consult a doctor in a timely manner and to examine their child. But first of all, of course, starting with the intrauterine life of the baby, enrich his body with enough iron. To do this, you need to eat properly and consume vitamins.

Video. Low hemoglobin