In the modern world, there are many methods of contraception( condoms, contraceptives and so on).However, some women prefer to count dangerous days for pregnancy after and before menstruation by other methods. How can this be done and what factors can affect their reliability?
- monthly duty cycle
- dangerous days for pregnancy
- to monthly
- During monthly
- After monthly
- How to calculate the dangerous days
- ovulation Calculation
- Determination of basal temperature
- Ovulation Test
- Follikulometriya
- Subjective feelings
- monthly cycle of failure factors
monthly duty cycle
The menstrual cycle is divided into 3 main periods of dangerous and safe days:
- Sterility. The days from the last day of ovulation are counted until the first days of the month.
- Relative sterility ( the probability of conception is 10-15%).This period falls on the interval of time from the last day of menstruation to the day of the onset of ovulation.
- Fertility ( the most dangerous days for pregnancy).This is 2-3 days in the middle of the cycle, called ovulation.
To determine dangerous and safe days for a woman, discipline and attention will take some time. First, calculate the duration of the monthly cycle. All calculations are performed on the basis of collective data for 6-12 months. For this you need to start a calendar where you need to record the beginning and end of the cycle, the nature of the selections( meager, abundant), the duration of each cycle. An important condition is that the cycle should be regular. The onset of menstruation is the first day of a new monthly cycle.
After the number of days of the menstrual cycle has been determined, dangerous days for conception can be calculated.
The safest days after menstruation are the last day of menstruation and 2-5 days before the start of the next.
to table of contents ^Dangerous days for pregnancy
to contents ^Before monthly
The chance to conceive is high enough for women who have an irregular sexual life. The organism for a rare sexual intercourse can respond with an unplanned ovulation. It can provoke, for example, substances that are contained in semen. Women who regularly have sex with a regular partner may not face this.
to table of contents ^During monthly
Pregnancy in the early days of menstruation is unlikely. This is due to an inappropriate environment for spermatozoa and implantation of the embryo.
However, in rare cases, conception can still occur:
- due to disorders of the menstrual cycle, caused by diseases, physical stress, infections, stress;
- with prolonged periods( for example, before ovulation may remain less than 7 days, and then the sperm will wait for the release of the matured egg);
- with incorrect calculation of the period of safe sex( due to cycle irregularity).
After monthly
Pregnancy immediately after menstruation may occur for the following reasons:
- because of the ability of spermatozoa to remain active for 3 days;
- bias of the ovulation schedule;
- maturation of several eggs in a single menstrual cycle.
Based on this, the calendar method is not a reliable contraceptive.
How to calculate dangerous days
If within 6 months there are small deviations, then the following calculations can be made:
- Select the longest and shortest menstrual cycles in 6-12 months.
- Take the number 18 from the number of days of a short cycle. The number obtained is the date from which the period of high probability of becoming pregnant begins. For example, the smallest cycle is equal to 25 days. Having subtracted 18, we get the result in number 7. Hence, dangerous days start from the seventh day of the menstrual cycle.
- Subtract the number 11 from the number of days of the longest period. The resulting number is the date that ends the period of high probability of becoming pregnant. For example, the longest monthly cycle is 29 days. If 11 is subtracted from this figure, it turns out 18. Hence, on the 18th day of the menstrual cycle, dangerous days for conception end. From this example it follows that the greatest likelihood of becoming pregnant remains in the period from 7 to 18 days.
If the monthly cycle continues:
- for 28 days, the egg will mature on day 14( + - 2 days) and will wait for fertilization up to 48 hours, then die. Before the next ovulation comes safe days.
- 21 days - the period of ovulation begins at 3 and ends on day 11.
- 35 days - from 17 to 24 days.
When a woman's abundant blood discharge ends in 2-4 days - a dangerous period is already on the 6th day of the new cycle.
to table of contents ^Calculation of ovulation
to table of contents ^Determination of basal temperature
To determine dangerous days, it is necessary from the first day of menstruation every morning immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed, to measure basal temperature rectally. Based on the obtained data, a graph is made.
In the first phase of the menstrual cycle, the temperature ranges from 36.6 to 36.9 degrees. The temperature above 37 degrees rises after the release of the matured egg. If the temperature has slightly decreased( approximately this happens on the 12-16th day), this indicates the onset of ovulation and dangerous days.
Some errors may appear for the following reasons:
- due to illness or overfatigue( in these days the temperature always rises);
- because of taking medications;
- if a lot of alcoholic beverages were drunk on the eve of the measurement;
- if there was an act for 6 or less hours before the measurement;
- because of lack of sleep.
Ovulation Tests
A fairly accurate means of determining the yield of an egg. The strip on the test is manifested because of the luteotropin hormone that appeared in the urine. Before the expected release of the ovum, tests are recommended to be done every day at the same time. On the eve of the release - the level of luteinizing hormone increases sharply, which indicates that in the next 2 days the follicle will burst. At this point, the test shows 2 strips.
to table of contents ^Folliculometry
The ultrasound method( US) is most often used by women who wish to become pregnant. The ultrasound should be visited from 10 days after the start of the last month. For several days, there will be an increase in the dominant follicle in the ovary. When its size in diameter reaches 18-25 millimeters, it will leave a ready-to-fertilize egg. The formation of the follicle in rare cases may not lead to ovulation.
The main sign of the onset of dangerous days and a favorable period for conception, which the doctor sees on the monitor during the procedure is the yellow body located in the ovary without the dominant follicle, and a small amount of fluid behind the uterus.
to table of contents ^Subjective sensations of
This method is not 100% accurate, but most sensitive and attentive women can identify dangerous days by subjective sensations.
The most common are:
- abundant discharge from the vagina( they do not have odor and color);
- the appearance of unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen or the place where one of the ovaries is located;
- increased sexual activity.
It is possible to determine such days by the following features:
- no jumps in basal temperature measurement;
- tests for ovulation show a negative result throughout the menstrual cycle;
- at carrying out of US of inspection of formation of a dominant follicle is not defined.
Factors of failure of the monthly cycle
To use the calendar for determining dangerous and safe days, you need to take into account that the calculation will be correct only if the conditions are met:
- the cycle should be unchanged for the last 6 months;
- during the last phase, the woman was not subjected to severe stresses, changing the climatic zone( traveling abroad, and so on), did not start to play sports, did not switch to a new diet;
- the age of a woman is not older than 45 years and not younger than 20 years.
There are also the following factors influencing the cycle change, and, accordingly, on the day of ovulation:
- a change in the hormonal background caused by emotional overstrain, strong negative or positive emotions;
- changing the operating mode from easy to heavier and vice versa;
- a change of diet( for example, the decision to try vegetarian food);
- reception of emergency contraceptive preparations, for example, Postinor;
- recovery after delivery;
- rejection of hormonal contraception;
- abrupt quitting.