Burn of mucous throat and larynx: severity and methods of treatment

Throat burn is a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and partly of the larynx, as a result of exposure to aggressive liquids. This is a fairly common reason for seeking medical help.

Most often, this problem occurs among the child population, because, due to their curiosity, during the game, they can "taste" a dangerous substance. For adults, damage is also relevant. It can be obtained in everyday life, at work or when trying to settle scores with life.

What can burn

throat Call mucous throat defeatcan substances such as:

• hot food, liquid or steam;
• alcohol and alcohol tinctures;
• acid in high concentration;
• ammonia;
• concentrated iodine solution;
• concentrated hydrogen peroxide;
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• alkali;
• liquids used for cleaning plumbing, washing the floor, cleaning pipes;
• rechargeable liquid;
• lugol solution.

Based on what caused the damage, there are two types of burn - thermal and chemical.

Symptoms of throat and laryngeal burn

The clinical picture of the injury consists of the following symptoms:

• acute sore throat;
• burning sensation;
• increased salivation;
• nausea;
• reflex vomiting;
• increase in body temperature;
• hoarseness of voice;
• reflex cough;
• breathing difficulty.

Objectively, it is possible to detect an increase and pain in the palpation of regional lymph nodes. Upon examination, the oral and pharyngeal mucosa is hyperemic and swollen. With a chemical burn, a characteristic odor from the oral cavity is possible.

Gravity severity

Severity of clinical symptoms directly depends on the severity of the lesion. In medical practice, there are three degrees of severity of the burn of the mucous throat:

1. The first .Trauma is limited by a violation of the integrity of the surface layers of the epithelium. The victim complains of moderate pain and burning sensation. Objectively, there is hyperemia and mucosal edema.
2. The second .At this degree, the defeat is more serious. In the place of the burn, bubbles are formed, covered with bloom. Body temperature above 38 C, because of pain swallowed. For 2-3 weeks from the onset of the disease, the films are rejected, and in their place ulcers are formed. In the process of healing there are scars.
3. Third .The patient's condition is severe, breathing is most often disturbed. Sites of damaged mucous necrotic. Subsequently, in place of necrosis areas, deep ulcers are formed, which, healing, form scars that completely or partially disrupt the function of the throat.

Emergency care

On how soon the victim will be helped, the further outcome depends. If assistance was not available or was carried out too late, the area and depth of the lesion may increase.

Regardless of the agent of the burn, the patient needs to ensure the flow of fresh air. Further actions should be aimed at elucidating the etiological factor.

If the throat is burned as a result of swallowing a hot liquid or food, for example with hot tea, the patient should be given a glass of cold water. To reduce soreness, it is advisable to give a 0.25% solution of anesthetic( Novocaine or Lidocaine).You can apply cold.

The most dangerous thing is to burn your throat with chemicals or drugs( for example, lugol solution).If there was a chemical burn of the throat and larynx or alcohol, immediately you need to determine the substance that caused the injury.

The damage resulting from the action of the acid is neutralized by a solution of sodium bicarbonate. Caused by alkalis - a weak solution of citric acid.

To reduce the effect of an aggressive liquid, with any chemical burn, it is advisable 3-4 times to wash the stomach.

After these events, you need to seek medical help. If the burn is superficial, a dentist or an ENT can help with it, if the damage is deep, it is more expedient to call an ambulance team that will help with transportation to a specialized hospital.

The doctor will determine the depth of mucosal lesions and give recommendations for treatment. In severe cases, the patient needs hospitalization.

Than to treat the burn

The recommendations for food intake are common for all severity degrees of a burn. In order to avoid additional traumatization, it is recommended to follow a special diet: the food should be homogeneous and used in a cold form. You should avoid eating salty, fried, smoked and spicy food.

Treatment of first degree burn

To prevent infection, irrigation of the oropharyngeal cavity with Miramistin solution is performed.

Rinse throat with anesthetic solutions to help remove pain. A good anti-inflammatory and soothing effect is rinsing the throat with herbal decoctions, namely:

• chamomile;
• thyme;
• sage;
• calendula;
• of the bark of oak.

It is useful to use milk and dairy products( cream, sour cream).Liquids should be at room temperature. Butter and vegetable oil, used for 1 tbsp.l.3-4 times a day, will have a beneficial effect on the acceleration of epithelialization.

Also, for a better regeneration, a good effect will be the lubrication of affected areas with peach or sea-buckthorn oil. The prognosis for this degree of lesion is favorable, as a rule, the burn ceases to disturb after 7-10 days.

Treatment of burns in the throat of children is carried out exclusively under the supervision of a specialist. The use of methods of traditional medicine is absolutely not permissible, since it can cause swelling, and even worse deterioration.

Treatment 2 and 3 degrees

Burns 2 and 3 degrees require hospitalization in a medical institution. The tactics of treatment are selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the burn. The basic scheme contains the following drugs:

• broad-spectrum antibiotics( to reduce the likelihood of secondary bacterial infection);
• analgesics( injection molds and local irrigation);
• antihistamines( to reduce edema of tissues);
• sedative and sedative drugs;
• antiseptic solutions and disinfectants;
• means for improving regeneration and acceleration of epithelialization( Solcoseryl, Metiluracil, Retinol);
• hormonal preparations;
• for reducing the general intoxication of the body - polarizing solutions intravenously.

With deep lesions, the swallowing act is usually broken. Therefore, the nutrition is carried out by nutrient mixtures using a probe.

For burns of grade 3, with high probability, surgical treatment is required.

The timing of the healing of deep burns depends on the depth and prevalence of the affected areas. In the best case, the restoration of the swallowing function will take 2-3 weeks.

Possible complications of

If treatment is not initiated on time or will not be carried out at all, there is a huge chance of encountering complications:

• occurrence of suffocation due to severe mucosal edema;
• burn shock, collapse;
• with nerve damage, reflex respiratory arrest possible;
• bleeding;
• loss of swallowing function.

All these consequences bear a direct threat to the life of the victim. That is why, promptly rendered emergency care and referral to a specialist play a very important role.

Precautions

To protect yourself and young children from burns, you must follow certain rules:

• is inadmissible to store drugs, household chemicals and other aggressive liquids in an open area where there are children;
• all chemicals must be stored in labeled or signed containers;
• before offering a small child food, you need to make sure that it is the right temperature;
• must comply with safety regulations when working with liquids that can cause burns;
• every person should know the technique of emergency care for burns.

Throat burn is a dangerous injury that can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, it is extremely important to follow preventive measures, be able to provide first aid and contact the doctor in a timely manner.